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Biblia Tysiąclecia

Ewangelia Mateusza 16:18

A Ja ci też powiadam, żeś ty jest Piotr; a na tej opoce zbuduję kościół mój, a bramy piekielne nie przemogą go:

Bible Study Resources

Concordances:

- Nave's Topical Bible - Apostles;   Church;   Faith;   Gates;   Hades;   Hell;   Jesus Continued;   Millennium;   Peter;   Rock;   Satan;   Stones;   Scofield Reference Index - Church;   Israel;   Peter;   Thompson Chain Reference - Church;   Death;   Fall;   Gates of Death;   Hades;   Hell;   Peter;   Similitudes;   Simon Peter;   The Topic Concordance - Blessings;   Disciples/apostles;   Foundation;   Torrey's Topical Textbook - Church, the;   Gates;   Hell;   Rocks;  

Dictionaries:

- American Tract Society Bible Dictionary - Caesarea-Philippi;   Church;   Peter;   Bridgeway Bible Dictionary - Apostle;   Church;   Hades;   Kingdom of god;   Matthew, gospel of;   Messiah;   Peter;   Rock;   Sheol;   Baker Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology - Building;   Call, Calling;   Church, the;   Descent into Hell (Hades);   Hades;   Kingdom of God;   Micah, Theology of;   Punishment;   Sheol;   Transfiguration;   Charles Buck Theological Dictionary - Hutchinsonians;   Easton Bible Dictionary - Building;   Church;   Gate;   Hell;   Peter;   Rock;   Fausset Bible Dictionary - Apostle;   Church;   Hell;   House;   Mark, the Gospel According to;   Holman Bible Dictionary - Caesarea Philippi;   Church;   Gods, Pagan;   Hell;   Jesus, Life and Ministry of;   Keys;   Matthew, the Gospel of;   Naming;   Peter;   Rock;   Simon;   Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible - Caesarea Philippi;   Christianity;   Church;   Confession;   Faith;   Foundation;   Peter;   Power of the Keys;   Rock;   Text of the New Testament;   Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament - Absolution;   Acts of the Apostles (2);   Authority in Religion;   Bishop, Elder, Presbyter;   Brotherhood (2);   Building ;   Caesarea Philippi;   Church;   Church (2);   Communion (2);   Complacency;   Confession (of Christ);   Consciousness;   Discipline;   Discourse;   Divorce (2);   Edification;   Endurance;   Eschatology (2);   Excommunication (2);   Fellowship (2);   Foresight;   Forgiveness (2);   Gate (2);   Hades;   Headship;   Hermon;   Holy Spirit (2);   Ideas (Leading);   Immortality (2);   Incarnation (2);   Influence;   Matthew, Gospel According to;   Mediation Mediator;   Name (2);   Names;   Odes of Solomon;   Oneness;   Organization (2);   Paronomasia ;   Personality;   Peter;   Plan;   Poet;   Pre-Eminence ;   Profession (2);   Promise (2);   Prophet;   Proverbs ;   Redemption (2);   Righteous, Righteousness;   Rock ;   Rock (2);   Stone;   Tabor, Mount;   Tares ;   Transfiguration (2);   Unity (2);   Witness (2);   Morrish Bible Dictionary - Acts of the Apostles;   Builder;   Church;   Edification;   Gate;   Hell;   Rock;   1910 New Catholic Dictionary - penance, sacrament of;   sacrament of penance;   People's Dictionary of the Bible - Church;   Hades;   Peter;   Smith Bible Dictionary - Caesare'a Philip'pi;   Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types - Christ;   Ate;   Rock;   Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary - Gate;   Roman Catholics;  

Encyclopedias:

- Condensed Biblical Cyclopedia - Twelve Apostles, the;   Kingdom or Church of Christ, the;   International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Bishop;   Builder;   Church;   Gate;   Hades;   Jesus Christ (Part 2 of 2);   Keys, Power of;   Mark, the Gospel According to;   Matthew, the Gospel of;   Peter, Simon;   Salvation;   Spiritual Rock;   Kitto Biblical Cyclopedia - Acts of the apostles;   The Jewish Encyclopedia - Jesus of Nazareth;   Simon Cephas;  

Devotionals:

- Daily Light on the Daily Path - Devotion for October 8;   Every Day Light - Devotion for January 2;  

Parallel Translations

Biblia Gdańska (1632)
A Ja ci też powiadam, żeś ty jest Piotr; a na tej opoce zbuduję kościół mój, a bramy piekielne nie przemogą go:
Biblia Przekład Toruński
18 A ja ci też mówię, że ty jesteś Piotr; a na tej skale zbuduję mój Kościół, a bramy hadesu go nie przemogą;
Nowe Przymierze Zaremba
Oświadczam ci, ty jesteś kamieniem, a na tej skale zbuduję mój Kościół i potęga śmierci nie zdoła go pokonać.
Nowa Biblia Gdańska (2012)
A ja ci także powiadam, że ty jesteś Piotr, a na owej opoce zbuduję moje zgromadzenie wybranych i bramy Krainy Umarłych go nie przemogą.
Uwspółcześniona Biblia Gdańska
Ja ci też mówię, że ty jesteś Piotr, a na tej skale zbuduję mój kościół, a bramy piekła go nie przemogą.
Biblia Brzeska (1563)
Ale ja tobie powiedam, iżeś ty jest Piotr; a na tej opoce zbuduję kościół mój i brany piekielne nie zwyciężą go.
Biblia Warszawska
A ja ci powiadam, że ty jesteś Piotr, i na tej opoce zbuduję Kościół mój, a bramy piekielne nie przemogą go.

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

thou: Matthew 10:2, John 1:42, Galatians 2:9

upon: Isaiah 28:16, 1 Corinthians 3:10, 1 Corinthians 3:11, Ephesians 2:19-22, Revelation 21:14

I will: Zechariah 6:12, Zechariah 6:13, 1 Corinthians 3:9, Hebrews 3:3, Hebrews 3:4

my: Matthew 18:17, Acts 2:47, Acts 8:1, Ephesians 3:10, Ephesians 5:25-27, Ephesians 5:32, Colossians 1:18, 1 Timothy 3:5, 1 Timothy 3:15

and the: Genesis 22:17, 2 Samuel 18:4, Job 38:17, Psalms 9:13, Psalms 69:12, Psalms 107:18, Psalms 127:5, Proverbs 24:7, Isaiah 28:6, Isaiah 38:10, 1 Corinthians 15:55, *marg.

shall not: Psalms 125:1, Psalms 125:2, Isaiah 54:17, John 10:27-30, Romans 8:33-39, Hebrews 12:28, Revelation 11:15, Revelation 21:1-4

Reciprocal: Genesis 48:14 - and laid Exodus 40:8 - the court Exodus 40:18 - and fastened Numbers 23:23 - no enchantment 2 Samuel 7:13 - He shall 2 Samuel 7:16 - General 2 Samuel 22:2 - General 1 Kings 7:21 - Boaz 1 Kings 15:4 - and to establish 2 Chronicles 4:4 - It stood 2 Chronicles 14:11 - man Esther 4:14 - then shall Psalms 48:8 - God Psalms 87:1 - His Psalms 87:5 - highest Psalms 129:2 - yet they have Psalms 147:2 - build Proverbs 9:1 - builded Proverbs 10:25 - an Song of Solomon 8:9 - we will Isaiah 14:32 - the Lord Isaiah 22:22 - And the key Isaiah 26:1 - salvation Isaiah 33:20 - not one Isaiah 54:10 - the mountains Isaiah 56:5 - will I Isaiah 62:12 - not Daniel 2:34 - a stone Micah 5:4 - shall abide Zechariah 4:9 - his hands Matthew 7:25 - for Luke 22:18 - until Acts 5:39 - if Acts 12:24 - General Acts 15:7 - ye know Galatians 2:11 - because Ephesians 1:22 - to the Ephesians 2:20 - the foundation Hebrews 3:6 - whose Hebrews 10:21 - the house Revelation 12:8 - prevailed not

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And I say also unto thee,.... Either besides what he had already said concerning his happiness; or, as the father had revealed something great and valuable, so likewise would he; or inasmuch as he had freely said and declared who, and what he was, in like manner he also would say what Peter was, thou art Peter: intimating, that he was rightly called Peter, or Cephas, by him, when he first became a follower of him, Matthew 4:18, which words signify the same thing, a rock, or stone; because of his firmness and solidity, and because he was laid upon the sure foundation, and built on the rock Christ, and was a very fit stone to be laid in the spiritual building. The aptness of this name to him is easy to be seen in his full assurance of faith, as to the person of Christ, and his free, open, and undaunted confession of him.

And upon this rock will I build my church: by the church, is meant, not an edifice of wood, stones, c. but an assembly, and congregation of men and that not of any sort; not a disorderly, tumultuous assembly, in which sense this word is sometimes taken; nor does it design the faithful of a family, which is sometimes the import of it; nor a particular congregated church, but the elect of God, the general assembly and church of the first born, whose names are written in heaven; and especially such of them as were to be gathered in, and built on Christ, from among the Jews and Gentiles. The materials of this building are such, as are by nature no better, or more fit for it, than others: these stones originally lie in the same quarry with others; they are singled out, and separated from the rest, according to the sovereign will of God, by powerful and efficacious grace; and are broken and hewn by the Spirit of God, generally speaking, under the ministry of the word, and are, by him, made living stones; and being holy and spiritual persons, are built up a spiritual house: and these are the only persons which make up the true and invisible church of Christ in the issue, and are only fit to be members of the visible church; and all such ought to be in a Gospel church state, and partake of the privileges of it: these materials are of different sorts, and have a different place, and have a different usefulness in this building; some are only as common stones, and timber; others are as pillars, beams, and rafters; and all are useful and serviceable; and being put, and knit together, grow up as an holy temple to the Lord: and are called, by Christ, "my" church, because given him by the Father; and he has purchased them with his own blood; are built by him, and on him; inhabited by him, and of whom he is the head, king, and governor; though not to the exclusion of the Father, whose house they also are; nor of the Spirit, who dwells in them, as in his temple. This church Christ promises to "build". Though his ministers are builders, they are but under builders; they are qualified, employed, directed, encouraged, and succeeded by him; he is the wise, able, and chief master builder. This act of building seems to have a special regard to the conversion of God's elect, both among Jews and Gentiles, particularly the latter; and to the daily conversions of them in all ages; and to the building up of saints in faith and holiness; each of which will more manifestly appear in the latter day; and are both generally effected through the word, and ordinances, as means, the Spirit of Christ blessing them. By the rock on which Christ builds his church, is meant, not the person of Peter; for Christ does not say, upon thee Peter, but upon this rock, referring to something distinct from him: for though his name signifies a rock, or stone, and there may be some allusion to it; and he is so called because of his trust and confidence in the Lord, on whom he was built; but not because he was the foundation on which any others, and especially the whole church, were built: it is true, he may be called the foundation, as the rest of the twelve apostles of the Lamb are, Ephesians 2:20 without any distinction from them, and preference to them; they and he agreeing in laying doctrinally and ministerially Christ Jesus as the foundation of faith and hope, but not in such sense as he is; neither he, nor they, are the foundation on which the church is built, which is Christ, and him only. Moreover, what is said to Peter in these, and the following words, is not said to him personally and separately from the rest of the apostles, but is designed for them, as well as him, as appears by comparing them with Matthew 18:18. As he spoke in the name of them all, to Christ; so Christ spake to him, including them all. Peter had no preeminence over the rest of the apostles, which he neither assumed, nor was it granted; nor would it ever have been connived at by Christ, who often showed his resentment at such a spirit and conduct, whenever there was any appearance of it in any of them; see Matthew 18:1 and though Peter, with James, and John, had some particular favours bestowed on him by Christ; as to be at the raising of Jairus's daughter, and at the transfiguration of Christ on the mount, and with him in the garden; and he appeared to him alone after his resurrection, and before he was seen by the rest of the disciples; yet in some things he was inferior to them, being left to deny his Lord and master, they did not; and upon another account is called Satan by Christ, which they never were; not to mention other infirmities of his, which show he is not the rock: and, after all, what is this to the pope of Rome, who is no successor of Peter's? Peter, as an apostle, had no successor in his office; nor was he bishop of Rome; nor has the pope of Rome either his office, or his doctrine: but here, by the rock, is meant, either the confession of faith made by Peter; not the act, nor form, but the matter of it, it containing the prime articles of Christianity, and which are as immoveable as a rock; or rather Christ himself, who points, as it were, with his finger to himself, and whom Peter had made such a glorious confession of; and who was prefigured by the rock the Israelites drank water out of in the wilderness; and is comparable to any rock for height, shelter, strength, firmness, and duration; and is the one and only foundation of his church and people, and on whom their security, salvation, and happiness entirely depend. Christ is a rock that is higher than they, where they find safety in times of distress, and the shadow of which is refreshing to them; and therefore betake themselves to him for shelter, and where they are secure from the wrath of God, and rage of men: he is the rock of ages, in whom is everlasting strength; and is the sure, firm, and everlasting foundation on which the church, and all true believers, are laid: he is the foundation of their faith, and hope, and everlasting happiness, and will ever continue; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. The Jews speak of the gates of hell: sometimes of the gate of hell, in the singular number p; and sometimes of the gates of hell, in the plural number. They say q, that

"Mnhygl vy Myxtp hvlv, "hell has three gates", one in the wilderness, one in the sea, and one in Jerusalem.''

They talk r of

"an angel that is appointed על תרעי דגיהנם, "over the gates of hell", whose name is Samriel; who has three keys in his hands, and opens three doors.''

And elsewhere s they say, that

"he that is appointed over hell his name is Dumah, and many myriads of destroying angels are with him, and he stands

על פתחא דגיהנם, "at the gate of hell"; and all those that keep the holy covenant in this world, he has no power to bring them in.''

Our Lord may allude to these notions of the Jews, and his sense be, that all the infernal principalities and powers, with all their united cunning and strength, will never be able to extirpate his Gospel, to destroy his interest, to demolish his church in general, or ruin anyone particular soul that is built upon him. Again, the gates of "Hades", or hell, sometimes seem to design no other than the gates of death, and the grave, and persons going into the state of death; see Job 38:17 where the Septuagint use the same phrase as here; and then the sense is, that neither death, nor the grave, shall finally, and totally prevail over the people of God, and members of Christ; but they shall be raised out of such a state, and live gloriously with him for ever. By it here is not meant Peter himself; though it is true of him, that Satan, and his posse of devils that beset him, did not prevail against him, so as to destroy his grace, hurt his estate, and hinder his salvation: nor could death, in all its frightful appearances, deter him from holding, and preaching, and maintaining the doctrine of Christ; and though death, and the grave, have now power over him, yet they shall not always detain him: but rather, it designs the doctrine Peter made a confession of; which, though it may be opposed by hell and earth, by Satan, and his emissaries, by the open force of persecutors, and the secret fraud of heretics, it may be brought into contempt by the scandalous lives of professors; and though the true professors of it may die off, yet truth itself always lives, and defies the power of death, and the grave: or else the church in general is meant, and every true believer. These words do not ascertain the continuance of anyone particular congregated church, but secures the church universal, which will continue as long as the sun and moon endure, and the perseverance of everyone of God's elect; and assure that death, and the grave, shall not always have the dominion over the saints, but that they shall be rescued from them. Once more, this "it" may refer to Christ the rock, who, though he was brought to the dust of death, by the means of Satan, and the powers of darkness, yet to the ruin of him that had the power of death; and though death, and the grave, had power over him for a while, yet could not hold him; he rose victorious over them, and ever lives, having the keys of hell and death, to open the gates thereof, and let his people out when he thinks fit.

p T. Bab. Sabbat, fol. 39. 1. Succa, fol. 32. 2. Bava Bathra, fol. 84. 1. q T. Bab. Erubin, fol. 19. 1. Menasseh ben Israel, Nishmat Chayim, fol, 33. 1, 2. r Zohar in Gen. fol. 47. 4. s Ib. fol. 7. 1.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

See also Mark 8:27-29, and Luke 9:18-20.

Cesarea Philippi - There were two cities in Judea called Caesarea. One was situated on the borders of the Mediterranean (See the notes at Acts 8:40), and the other was the one mentioned here. This city was greatly enlarged and ornamented by Philip the tetrarch, son of Herod, and called Caesarea in honor of the Roman emperor, Tiberius Caesar. To distinguish it from the other Caesarea the name of Philip was added to it, and it was called Caesarea Philippi, or Caesarea of Philippi. It was situated in the boundaries of the tribe of Naphtali, at the foot of Mount Hermon. It is now called Panias or Banias, and contains (circa 1880’s) about 200 houses, and is inhabited chiefly by Turks. The word “coasts” here now usually applied to land in the vicinity of the sea - means “borders” or “regions.” He came into the part of the country which appertained to Cesarea Philippi. He was passing northward from the region of Bethsaida, on the coasts of Magdala Matthew 15:39, where the transactions recorded in the previous verses had occurred.

When Jesus came - The original is, “when Jesus was coming.” Mark says Mark 8:27 that this conversation took place when they were in the way, and this idea should have been retained in translating Matthew. While in the way, Jesus took occasion to call their attention “to the truth that he was the Messiah.” This truth it was of much consequence that they should fully believe and understand; and it was important, therefore, that he should often learn their views, to establish them if right, and correct them if wrong. He began, therefore, by inquiring what was the common report respecting him.

Whom do men say ... - This passage has been variously rendered. Some have translated it, “Whom do men say that I am? the Son of man?” Others, “Whom do men say that I am - I, who am the Son of man - i. e., the Messiah?” The meaning is nearly the same. He wished to obtain the sentiments of the people respecting himself.

Matthew 16:14

And they said ... - See the notes at Matthew 11:14. They supposed that he might be John the Baptist, as Herod did, risen from the dead. See Matthew 14:2. He performed many miracles, and strongly resembled John in his manner of life, and in the doctrines which he taught.

Matthew 16:16

And Simon Peter answered ... - Peter, expressing the views of the apostles, with characteristic forwardness answered the question proposed to them by Jesus: “Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

The Christ - The Messiah, the “Anointed” of God. See the notes at Matthew 1:1.

The Son - That is, the Son by way of eminence - in a special sense. See the notes at Matthew 1:17. This appellation was understood as implying divinity, John 10:29-36.

Of the living God - The term “living” was given to the true God to distinguish him from idols, that are dead, or lifeless blocks and stones. He is also the Source of life, temporal, spiritual, and eternal. The word “living” is often given to him in the Old Testament, Joshua 3:10; 1Sa 17:26, 1 Samuel 17:36; Jeremiah 10:9-10, etc. In this noble confession Peter expressed the full belief of himself and of his brethren that he was the long-expected Messiah. Other people had very different opinions of him, but they were satisfied, and were not ashamed to confess it.

Matthew 16:17

And Jesus answered, Blessed art thou ... - Simon Bar-jona is the same as Simon son of Jona. Bar is a Syriac word signifying son. The father of Peter, therefore, was Jona, or Jonas, John 1:42; John 21:16-17.

Blessed - That is, happy, honored, evincing a proper spirit, and entitled to the approbation of God.

For flesh and blood - This phrase usually signifies man (see Galatians 1:16; Ephesians 6:12), and it has been commonly supposed that Jesus meant to say that man had not revealed it, but he seems rather to have referred to himself. “This truth you have not learned from my lowly appearance, from my human nature, from my apparent rank and standing in the world. You, Jews, were expecting to know the Messiah by his external splendor; his pomp and power as a man; but you have not learned me in this manner. I have shown no such indication of my Messiahship. Flesh and blood have not shown it. In spite of my appearance, my lowly state - my lack of resemblance to what you have expected, you have learned it as from God.” They had been taught this by Jesus’ miracles, his instructions, and by the direct teachings of God upon their minds. To “reveal” is to make known, or communicate something that was unknown or secret.

Matthew 16:18

And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter - The word “Peter,” in Greek, means “a rock.” It was given to Simon by Christ when he called him to be a disciple, John 1:42

Cephas is a Syriac word, meaning the same as Peter - a rock, or stone. The meaning of this phrase may be thus expressed: “Thou, in saying that I am the Son of God, hast called me by a name expressive of my true character. I, also, have given to thee a name expressive of your character. I have called you Peter, a rock, denoting firmness, solidity, stability, and your confession has shown that the name is appropriate. I see that you are worthy of the name, and will be a distinguished support of my religion.”

And upon this rock ... - This passage has given rise to many different interpretations. Some have supposed that the word “rock” refers to Peter’s confession, and that Jesus meant to say, upon this rock, this truth that thou hast confessed, that I am the Messiah and upon confessions of this from all believers, I will build my church. Confessions like this shall be the test of piety, and in such confessions shall my church stand amid the flames of persecution, the fury of the gates of hell. Others have thought that Jesus referred to himself. Christ is called a rock, Isaiah 28:16; 1 Peter 2:8. And it has been thought that he turned from Peter to himself, and said, “Upon this rock, this truth that I am the Messiah - upon myself as the Messiah, I will build my church.” Both these interpretations, though plausible, seem forced upon the passage to avoid the main difficulty in it. Another interpretation is, that the word “rock” refers to Peter himself.

This is the obvious meaning of the passage; and had it not been that the Church of Rome has abused it, and applied it to what was never intended, no other interpretation would have been sought for. “Thou art a rock. Thou hast shown thyself firm, and suitable for the work of laying the foundation of the church. Upon thee will I build it. Thou shalt be highly honored; thou shalt be first in making known the gospel to both Jews and Gentiles.” This was accomplished. See Acts 2:14-36, where he first preached to the Jews, and Acts 10:0, where he preached the gospel to Cornelius and his neighbors, who were Gentiles. Peter had thus the honor of laying the foundation of the church among the Jews and Gentiles; and this is the plain meaning of this passage. See also Galatians 2:9. But Christ did not mean, as the Roman Catholics say he did, to exalt Peter to supreme authority above all the other apostles, or to say that he was the only one upon whom he would rear his church. See Acts 15:0, where the advice of James, and not that of Peter, was followed. See also Galatians 2:11, where Paul withstood Peter to his face, because he was to be blamed - a thing which could not have happened if Christ (as the Roman Catholics say) meant that Peter was absolute and infallible. More than all, it is not said here, or anywhere else in the Bible, that Peter would have infallible successors who would be the vicegerents of Christ and the head of the church. The whole meaning of the passage is this: “I will make you the honored instrument of making known my gospel first to Jews and Gentiles, and I will make you a firm and distinguished preacher in building my church.”

Will build my church - This refers to the custom of building in Judea upon a rock or other very firm foundation. See the notes at Matthew 7:24. The word “church” literally means “those called out,” and often means an assembly or congregation. See Acts 19:32, Greek; Acts 7:38. It is applied to Christians as being “called out” from the world. It means sometimes the whole body of believers, Ephesians 1:22; 1 Corinthians 10:32. This is its meaning in this place. It means, also, a particular society of believers worshipping in one place, Acts 8:1; Acts 9:31; 1 Corinthians 1:2, etc.; sometimes, also, a society in a single house, as Romans 16:5. In common language it means the church visible - i. e., all who profess religion; or invisible, i. e., all who are real Christians, professors or not.

And the gates of hell ... - Ancient cities were surrounded by walls. In the gates by which they were entered were the principal places for holding courts, transacting business, and deliberating on public matters. See the notes at Matthew 7:13. Compare the notes at Job 29:7. See also Deuteronomy 22:4; 1 Samuel 4:18; Jeremiah 36:10; Genesis 19:1; Psalms 69:12; Psalms 9:14; Proverbs 1:21. The word “gates,” therefore, is used for counsels, designs, machinations, evil purposes.

“Hell” means, here, the place of departed spirits, particularly evil spirits; and the meaning of the passage is, that all the plots, stratagems, and machinations of the enemies of the church would not be able to overcome it a promise that has been remarkably fulfilled.

Matthew 16:19

And I will give unto thee ... - A key is an instrument for opening a door.

He that is in possession of it has the power of access, and has a general care of a house. Hence, in the Bible, a key is used as a symbol of superintendence an emblem of power and authority. See the Isaiah 22:22 note; Revelation 1:18; Revelation 3:7 notes. The kingdom of heaven here means, doubtless, the church on earth. See the notes at Matthew 3:2. When the Saviour says, therefore, he will give to Peter the keys of the kingdom of heaven, he means that he will make him the instrument of opening the door of faith to the world the first to preach the gospel to both Jews and Gentiles. This was done, Acts 2:14-36; Acts 10:0. The “power of the keys” was given, on this occasion, to Peter alone, solely for this reason; the power of “binding and loosing” on earth was given to the other apostles with him. See Matthew 18:18. The only pre-eminence, then, that Peter had was the honor of first opening the doors of the gospel to the world.

Whatsoever thou shalt bind ... - The phrase “to bind” and “to loose” was often used by the Jews. It meant to prohibit and to permit. To bind a thing was to forbid it; to loose it, to allow it to be done. Thus, they said about gathering wood on the Sabbath day, “The school of Shammei binds it” - i. e., forbids it; “the school of Hillel looses it” - i. e., allows it. When Jesus gave this power to the apostles, he meant that whatsoever they forbade in the church should have divine authority; whatever they permitted, or commanded, should also have divine authority - that is, should be bound or loosed in heaven, or meet the approbation of God. They were to be guided infallibly in the organization of the church:

1.By the teaching of Christ, and,

2.By the teaching of the Holy Spirit.

This does not refer to persons, but to things - “whatsoever,” not whosoever. It refers to rites and ceremonies in the church. Such of the Jewish customs as they should forbid were to be forbidden, and such as they thought proper to permit were to be allowed. Such rites as they should appoint in the church were to have the force of divine authority. Accordingly, they commanded the Gentile converts to “abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood” Acts 15:20; and, in general, they organized the church, and directed what was to be observed and what was to be avoided. The rules laid down by them in the Acts of the Apostles and in the Epistles, in connection with the teachings of the Saviour as recorded in the evangelists, constitute the only law binding on Christians in regard to the order of the church, and the rites and ceremonies to be observed in it.

Matthew 16:20

Then charged ... - That is, he commanded them.

Mark 8:30 and Luke Luke 9:21 say (in Greek) that he strictly or severely charged them. He laid emphasis on it, as a matter of much importance. The reason of this seems to be that his time had not fully come; that he was not willing to rouse the Jewish malice, and to endanger his life, by having it proclaimed that he was the Messiah. The word “Jesus” is wanting in many manuscripts, and should probably be omitted: “Then he charged them strictly to tell no man that he was the Christ or Messiah.”

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Matthew 16:18. Thou art Peter — This was the same as if he had said, I acknowledge thee for one of my disciples-for this name was given him by our Lord when he first called him to the apostleship. See John 1:42.

Peter, πετρος, signifies a stone, or fragment of a rock; and our Lord, whose constant custom it was to rise to heavenly things through the medium of earthly, takes occasion from the name, the metaphorical meaning of which was strength and stability, to point out the solidity of the confession, and the stability of that cause which should be founded on THE CHRIST, the SON of the LIVING GOD. Luke 9:62.

Upon this very rock, επι ταυτη τη πετρα - this true confession of thine - that I am THE MESSIAH, that am come to reveal and communicate THE LIVING GOD, that the dead, lost world may be saved - upon this very rock, myself, thus confessed (alluding probably to Psalms 118:22, The STONE which the builders rejected is become the HEAD-STONE of the CORNER: and to Isaiah 28:16, Behold I lay a STONE in Zion for a FOUNDATION) - will I build my Church, μον την εκκλησιαν, my assembly, or congregation, i.e. of persons who are made partakers of this precious faith. That Peter is not designed in our Lord's words must be evident to all who are not blinded by prejudice. Peter was only one of the builders in this sacred edifice, Ephesians 2:20 who himself tells us, (with the rest of the believers,) was built on this living foundation stone: 1 Peter 2:4-5, therefore Jesus Christ did not say, on thee, Peter, will I build my Church, but changes immediately the expression, and says, upon that very rock, επι ταυτη τη πετρα, to show that he neither addressed Peter, nor any other of the apostles. So, the supremacy of Peter, and the infallibility of the Church of Rome, must be sought in some other scripture, for they certainly are not to be found in this. On the meaning of the word Church, see at the conclusion of this chapter.

The gates of hell, πυλαι αδου i. e, the machinations and powers of the invisible world. In ancient times the gates of fortified cities were used to hold councils in, and were usually places of great strength. Our Lord's expression means, that neither the plots, stratagems, nor strength of Satan and his angels, should ever so far prevail as to destroy the sacred truths in the above confession. Sometimes the gates are taken for the troops which issue out from them: we may firmly believe, that though hell should open her gates, and vomit out her devil and all his angels, to fight against Christ and his saints, ruin and discomfiture must be the consequence on their part; as the arm of the Omnipotent must prevail.


 
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