Bible Lexicons

צָדַק fut. יִצְדַּק pr. to be right, straight, i.q. יָשַׁר as of a straight way (see צֶדֶק Psalms 23:3). (Arab. صدق prop. to be stiff, rigid, e.g. used of a lance; see Schultens, De Defect. Hodiernis Ling. Hebrææ, § 214-224; hence, to be true, sincere. Syr. ܐܕܩܰ to be right, suitable.) Hence

(1) to be just, righteous (gerecht fehn), used of God, Psalms 51:6 of laws, Psalms 19:10.

(2) to have a just cause (Recht haben)

(a) in a forensic sense. Genesis 38:26, צָֽדְקָה מִמֶּנִּי “her (Thamar’s) cause is more just than mine.” Job 9:15, 20 Job 9:20, 10:15 13:18 34:5. Opp. to רָשַׁע to have an unjust cause.

(b) to speak the truth, or what is right, amongst disputants, Job 33:12. Hence

(c) to obtain one’s cause [to be justified, in a forensic sense], Isaiah 45:25.

(3) to be upright, righteous (see צַדִּיק No. 3 ), Job 15:14, 22:3 35:7 followed by לִפְנֵי יְיָ Psalms 143:2 עִם אֵל Job 9:2, 25:4 מֵאֱלוֹהַּ Job 4:17 i.e. in the judgment of God. Also to declare righteous, Ezekiel 16:52.

Niphal, prop. to be declared just; hence to be vindicated from wrongs. Daniel 8:14, נִצְדַּק קֹדֶשׁ Vulg. not amiss, mundabitur sanctuarium.

Piel

(1) to render just, or righteous, or innocent (Eccl. Lat. justificavit [to declare righteous]). Ezekiel 16:15, “thou hast justified thy sisters by thy crimes;” i.e. thou hast caused that they should seem almost innocent. Similarly, Jeremiah 3:11, צִדְּקָה נַפְשָׁהּ … יִשְׂרָאֵל מִן וְגו׳ “Israel has justified herself more than Judah,” appears just in comparison with her.

(2) to declare any one just or innocent, Job 33:32 followed by נַפְשׁוֹ oneself, Job 32:2.

Hiphil

(1) to make just, or upright, or pious, by one’s example and doctrine; followed by an acc., Daniel 12:3 followed by לְ [to justify, i.e. declare righteous, see No. 2], Isaiah 53:11.

(2) i.q. Piel No. 2, to declare any one just.

(a) in a forensic sense, to absolve, to acquit, Exodus 23:7; Deuteronomy 25:1; 2 Samuel 15:4; Isaiah 5:23 to make any one’s cause to prevail, Isaiah 50:8.

(b) to declare any one to have given a right opinion (iem. Recht geben), to approve of any one’s opinion; see Kal No. 2, b, Job 27:5.

Hithpael, to purge oneself (from suspicion), Genesis 44:16.

Derived nouns, צִדְקִיָּהוּ־צֶדֶק, צַדִּיק, צָדוֹק.

אֶ֭צְדָּק אֶצְדָּֽק׃ אַצְדִּ֖יק אַצְדִּ֪יק אצדיק אצדק אצדק׃ בְּצַדֶּקְתֵּ֖ךְ בצדקתך הַצְדִּֽיקוּ׃ הצדיקו׃ וְ֭צָדַקְתִּי וְהִצְדִּ֙יקוּ֙ וְהִצְדַּקְתִּֽיו׃ וְיִצְדָּ֔קוּ וְנִצְדַּ֖ק וַתְּצַדְּקִי֙ וּלְהַצְדִּ֣יק וּמַצְדִּיקֵי֙ והצדיקו והצדקתיו׃ ויצדקו ולהצדיק ומצדיקי ונצדק וצדקתי ותצדקי יִ֝צְדַּ֗ק יִּצְדַּ֖ק יִּצְדַּ֣ק יִצְדְּק֥וּ יִצְדַּ֖ק יִצְדָּ֑ק יִצְדָּֽק׃ יַצְדִּ֥יק יצדיק יצדק יצדק׃ יצדקו מַצְדִּ֣יק מַצְדִּיקִ֔י מַצְדִּיקֵ֥י מצדיק מצדיקי נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק נצטדק צִדְּקָ֥ה צַדְּק֥וֹ צַדְּקֶֽךָּ׃ צָ֭דַקְתִּי צָ֭דַקְתָּ צָֽדְק֥וּ צָֽדְקָ֣ה צָדַ֑קְתִּי צָדַ֣קְתָּ צדקה צדקו צדקך׃ צדקת צדקתי תִּצְדַּ֣קְנָה תִּצְדַּ֥ק תִּצְדָּֽק׃ תִצְדָּ֑ק תצדק תצדק׃ תצדקנה ’aṣ·dîq ’aṣdîq ’eṣ·dāq ’eṣdāq atzDik bə·ṣad·deq·têḵ bəṣaddeqtêḵ betzaddekTech etzDak Etzdok haṣ·dî·qū haṣdîqū hatzDiku maṣ·dî·qê maṣ·dî·qî maṣ·dîq maṣdîq maṣdîqê maṣdîqî matzDik matzdiKei matzdiKi niṣ·ṭad·dāq niṣṭaddāq nitztadDak ṣā·ḏaq·tā ṣā·ḏaq·tî ṣā·ḏə·qāh ṣā·ḏə·qū ṣad·də·qe·kā ṣad·də·qōw ṣāḏaqtā ṣāḏaqtî ṣaddəqekā ṣaddəqōw ṣāḏəqāh ṣāḏəqū ṣid·də·qāh ṣiddəqāh tiṣ·daq tiṣ·dāq ṯiṣ·dāq tiṣ·daq·nāh tiṣdaq tiṣdāq ṯiṣdāq tiṣdaqnāh titzDak titzDaknah tzaDakta Tzadakti tzaddeKeka tzaddeKo tzadeKah tzadeKu tziddeKah ū·lə·haṣ·dîq ū·maṣ·dî·qê ūləhaṣdîq ulehatzDik ūmaṣdîqê umatzdiKei vattetzaddeKi vehitzdakTiv vehitzDiku venitzDak Vetzadakti veyitzDaku wat·tə·ṣad·də·qî wattəṣaddəqî wə·hiṣ·daq·tîw wə·hiṣ·dî·qū wə·niṣ·daq wə·ṣā·ḏaq·tî wə·yiṣ·dā·qū wəhiṣdaqtîw wəhiṣdîqū wəniṣdaq wəṣāḏaqtî wəyiṣdāqū yaṣ·dîq yaṣdîq yatzDik yiṣ·daq yiṣ·dāq yiṣ·də·qū yiṣdaq yiṣdāq yiṣdəqū yitzDak yitzdeKu