Lectionary Calendar
Thursday, March 28th, 2024
Maundy Thursday
There are 3 days til Easter!
Attention!
Partner with StudyLight.org as God uses us to make a difference for those displaced by Russia's war on Ukraine.
Click to donate today!

Bible Lexicons

Old Testament Hebrew Lexical DictionaryHebrew Lexicon

Strong's #3225 - יָמִין

Transliteration
yâmîyn
Phonetics
yaw-meen'
Origin
from (H3231)
Parts of Speech
Noun Feminine
TWOT
872a
Search for…
Browse by letter:
Prev Entry
יְמִימָה
 
Next Entry
יָמִין
Definition   
Brown-Driver-Briggs'

1) right, right hand, right side

1a) right hand

1b) right (of direction)

1c) south (the direction of the right hand when facing East)

Greek Equivalent Words:
Strong #: 1188 ‑ δεξιός (dex‑ee‑os');  2281 ‑ θάλασσα (thal'‑as‑sah);  5495 ‑ χείρ (khire);  
Frequency Lists
Verse Results
KJV (137)
Genesis 7
Exodus 6
Leviticus 5
Numbers 3
Deuteronomy 6
Joshua 3
Judges 7
1 Samuel 4
2 Samuel 5
1 Kings 4
2 Kings 3
1 Chronicles 1
2 Chronicles 6
Nehemiah 2
Job 3
Psalms 40
Proverbs 3
Ecclesiastes 1
Song of Solomon 2
Isaiah 9
Jeremiah 1
Lamentations 2
Ezekiel 5
Daniel 1
Jonah 1
Habakkuk 1
Zechariah 6
NAS (220)
Genesis 11
Exodus 11
Leviticus 5
Numbers 4
Deuteronomy 7
Joshua 4
Judges 7
1 Samuel 4
2 Samuel 7
1 Kings 5
2 Kings 4
1 Chronicles 2
2 Chronicles 9
Nehemiah 3
Job 5
Psalms 79
Proverbs 5
Ecclesiastes 1
Song of Solomon 4
Isaiah 17
Jeremiah 1
Lamentations 4
Ezekiel 7
Daniel 2
Jonah 1
Habakkuk 2
Zechariah 9
HCS (137)
Genesis 7
Exodus 6
Leviticus 5
Numbers 3
Deuteronomy 6
Joshua 3
Judges 7
1 Samuel 4
2 Samuel 5
1 Kings 4
2 Kings 3
1 Chronicles 1
2 Chronicles 6
Nehemiah 2
Job 3
Psalms 40
Proverbs 3
Ecclesiastes 1
Song of Solomon 2
Isaiah 9
Jeremiah 1
Lamentations 2
Ezekiel 5
Daniel 1
Jonah 1
Habakkuk 1
Zechariah 6
BSB (140)
Genesis 8
Exodus 6
Leviticus 5
Numbers 3
Deuteronomy 6
Joshua 3
Judges 7
1 Samuel 4
2 Samuel 5
1 Kings 4
2 Kings 3
1 Chronicles 1
2 Chronicles 6
Nehemiah 2
Job 3
Psalms 42
Proverbs 3
Ecclesiastes 1
Song of Solomon 2
Isaiah 9
Jeremiah 1
Lamentations 2
Ezekiel 5
Daniel 1
Jonah 1
Habakkuk 1
Zechariah 6
ESV (128)
Genesis 7
Leviticus 5
Numbers 3
Deuteronomy 6
Joshua 3
Judges 5
1 Samuel 4
2 Samuel 5
1 Kings 4
2 Kings 3
1 Chronicles 1
2 Chronicles 6
Nehemiah 2
Job 3
Psalms 42
Proverbs 3
Isaiah 9
Jeremiah 1
Lamentations 2
Ezekiel 5
Daniel 1
Jonah 1
Habakkuk 1
Zechariah 6
WEB (133)
Genesis 7
Exodus 6
Leviticus 5
Numbers 3
Deuteronomy 6
Joshua 3
Judges 5
1 Samuel 4
2 Samuel 5
1 Kings 4
2 Kings 3
1 Chronicles 1
2 Chronicles 6
Nehemiah 3
Job 2
Psalms 38
Proverbs 3
Ecclesiastes 1
Song of Solomon 2
Isaiah 9
Jeremiah 1
Lamentations 2
Ezekiel 5
Daniel 1
Jonah 1
Habakkuk 1
Zechariah 6
Ancient Hebrew Lexicon Definitions

1290) nm (מנ MN) AC: Firm CO: Kind AB: Sure: The pictograph m is a picture of water or other liquid such as blood, the n is a picture of a seed representing continuance. Combined these mean "blood continues". Each species (kind) continues by passing its blood to the following generation, which comes from the parent. Also the idea of strength through the blood. (eng: man; name - a reversal of the letters; animal; omen)

A) nm (מנ MN) AC: ? CO: Portion AB: What: What comes from something else as one kind comes from the same.

Nm) nm (מנ MN) - What: Also who or where. [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (26): manna, whosoever, who, whoso, what, instrument, from, of - Strongs: H4478 (מָן), H4479 (מַן), H4482 (מֵן)

Nf1) enm (מנה MNH) - Portion: A set amount. KJV (14): portion, part, belonged - Strongs: H4490 (מָנָה)

Nf2) tnm (מנת MNT) - Portion: What belongs to someone or something. KJV (7): portion - Strongs: H4521 (מְנָת)

B) nnm (מננ MNN) AC: ? CO: Number AB: ?: A numbering of a kind.

ebm) ninim (מינינ MYNYN) - Number: [Aramaic only] KJV (1): number - Strongs: H4510 (מִנְיָן)

C) nma (אמנ AMN) AC: Firm CO: Pillar AB: ?: Something that grabs hold or supports something else. The passing of strength or skill to the next generation. A large group of the same kind are stronger than one.

V) na (אמנ AMN) - Firm: To stand firm as a support. [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (111): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil) believe, assurance, faithful, sure, establish, trust, verify, steadfast, continuance, father, bring up, nurse, stand, fail - Strongs: H539 (אָמַן), H540 (אֲמַן)

Nm) nma (אמנ AMN) - I. Craftsman:One who is firm in his talents. II. Amen:An affirmation of firmness and support. KJV (31): workman, amen, truly, so be it - Strongs: H542 (אָמָּן), H543 (אָמֵן)

Nf1) enma (אמנה AMNH) - I. Sure:What is firm. II. Nourished:One given support through food. KJV (5): sure, indeed, portion, brought up - Strongs: H545 (אָמְנָה), H546 (אָמְנָה), H548 (אֲמָנָה)

Nf2) tnma (אמנת AMNT) - Truth: What is firm. KJV (127): truth, true, truly, faithfully, assured, establishment, faithful, sure - Strongs: H571 (אֱמֶת)

cm) nfma (אמונ AMWN) - Craftsman: One who is firm in his talents. KJV (1): brought up - Strongs: H525 (אָמוֹן)

dm) nfma (אמונ AMWN) - Firmness: KJV (5): faithful, trusting, trusty - Strongs: H529 (אֵמוּן)

df1) enfma (אמונה AMWNH) - Firmness: KJV (49): faithfulness, truth, faithfully, office, faithful, faith, stability, steady, truly - Strongs: H530 (אֱמֻנָה)

gm) nmfa (אומנ AWMN) - Firmness: KJV (1): truth - Strongs: H544 (אֹמֶן)

gf1) enmfa (אומנה AWMNH) - Pil KJV (1): pillar - Strongs: H547 (אֹמְנָה)

pm ) mnma (אמנמ AMNM) - Sure: KJV (9): truth, indeed, true, surely, no doubt - Strongs: H551 (אָמְנָם)

opm) mnmfa (אומנמ AWMNM) - Sure: KJV (5): indeed, surety - Strongs: H552 (אֻמְנָם)

D) nam (מאנ MAN) AC: Refuse CO: ? AB: ?: A strength of the will.

V) nam (מאנ MAN) - Refuse: KJV (41): (vf: Piel) refuse - Strongs: H3985 (מָאַן)

Nm) nam (מאנ MAN) - Refuse: KJV (5): refuse - Strongs: H3986 (מָאֵן), H3987 (מֵאֵן)

H) enm (מנה MNH) AC: ? CO: Number AB: ?: The grouping together and counting of those that are of the same kind.

V) enm (מנה MNH) - Number: To count or number a set of things or people. [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (33): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Pual, Piel, Participle) number, prepare, appoint, tell, count, set - Strongs: H4483 (מְנָא), H4487 (מָנָה)

Nm) enm (מנה MNH) - Maneh: A unit of measurement. KJV (8): mene, maneh, pound - Strongs: H4484 (מְנֵא), H4488 (מָנֶה)

gm) enfm (מונה MWNH) - Time: A counting of time. KJV (2): time - Strongs: H4489 (מֹנֶה)

J) nfm (מונ MWN) AC: ? CO: ? AB: Likeness: Those of the same kind, look alike.

if1) enfmt (תמונה TMWNH) - Likeness: KJV (10): likeness, similitude, image - Strongs: H8544 (תִּמֻנָה)

L) nmi (ימנ YMN) AC: ? CO: Right AB: ?: The right hand as the strong hand. The Hebrews oriented direction according to the rising sun therefore, the south is to the right.

V) nmi (ימנ YMN) - Right: To turn or go to the right hand. [df: Nma] KJV (5): (vf: Hiphil) turn right - Strongs: H541 (אָמַן), H3231 (יָמַן)

bf ) nimi (ימינ YMYN) - Right: The right hand or the direction of the right hand. KJV (139): hand, right, side, south - Strongs: H3225 (יָמִין)

fm) inmi (ימני YMNY) - Right: The right hand or the direction of the right hand. KJV (33): right, right hand - Strongs: H3233 (יְמָנִי)

if) nmit (תימנ TYMN) - South: The direction the right hand points when oriented toward the rising sun. KJV (23): south, southward - Strongs: H8486 (תֵּמָן)

bfm) inimi (ימיני YMYNY) - Right: The right hand or the direction of the right hand. KJV (2): right - Strongs: H3227 (יְמִינִי)

M) nim (מינ MYN) AC: ? CO: Kind AB: ?

Nm ) nim (מינ MYN) - I. Kind:A category of species. [df: ynm]II. From:[Hebrew and Aramaic; The short form " m " is used as a prefix meaning "from"] KJV (165): kind, among, with, from, since, after, at, by, whether, of, part, before, because, therefore, out, for, than - Strongs: H4327 (מִין), H4480 (מִנֵּי), H4481 (מִן)

AHL Definitions Copyright: ©1999-2024
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Expanded Definition
 I. יָמִין137 noun feminine Exodus 15:6 ( Proverbs 27:16 no except, see Now Str) right hand (Late Hebrew id.; SI3 מימן on the right; Aramaic יַמִּינָא, ; Arabic right, right side, right hand, south; Ethiopic right hand, right side, Sabean ימן right hand, ימנת soth, are also quoted; Assyrian imnu, right, right side, on the right, Dl HWB 307) — absolute יָמִין Genesis 13:9 40t.; construct יְמִין 1 Samuel 23:24 19t.; suffix יְמִינִי Jeremiah 22:24 6t., etc.; always singular: —

1 right hand:

a. literally of Prayer of Manasseh , often opposed to שׂמאֹול Genesis 48:13,14 (compare Genesis 48:18), Daniel 12:7; יָדַע בֵּיןיְֿמִינוֺ לִשְׂמאֹלוֺ Jonah 4:11 distinguish between one's right hand and one's left; שׁלח ימים Judges 5:26 ("" יד); as holding the lot Ezekiel 21:27; also of right hand as skilful Psalm 137:5; as receiving bribes Psalm 26:10 ("" יָדַיִן); used in false swearing יְמִינָם וְמִיןשֶׁקֶר Psalm 144:8; Psalm 144:11 their right hand is a right hand of falsehood; oft also with יַד, יַדיִֿמִינוֺ Genesis 48:17 (E) hand of his right = his right hand Judges 7:20; 2 Samuel 20:9; אִטֵּר יַדיְֿמִינוֺ Judges 3:15; Judges 20:16 bound as to one's right hand, i.e. left-handed.

b. figurative, of right hand as held by ׳י Isaiah 41:13; Isaiah 45:1; so יַדיֿמיני Psalm 73:23.

c. right hand of ׳י, as instrument of delivering Israel Exodus 15:6 (twice in verse); Exodus 15:12 +, compare בִּגְכוּרוֺת יֵשַׁע יְמִינוֺ Psalm 20:7; שְׁנוֺתיְמִין עֶלְיוֺן Psalm 77:11; "" זְרוֺעַ Psalm 98:1; as acquiring the temple-site Psalm 78:54; as holding his servant Psalm 18:36 (line omitted in "" 2 Samuel 22:36), compare Psalm 63:9 & בִּימִין צִדְקִי Isaiah 41:10; as finding, lighting upon (מצא) his enemies Psalm 21:9 ("" יד); as full of צֶדֶק Psalm 48:11; as dispensing blessings Psalm 16:11 נעימות בימינך (compare Proverbs 3:16 of Wisdom of Solomon , personified); used in divine oath is Psalm 62:8 ("" זְרוֺעַ).

2 of situation on, or direction toward, the right:

a. of situation, with מִן, מִימִינָם וּמְשְּׂמאֹלָם Exodus 14:22,29 a wall on their right hand and on their left hand; similarly 2 Samuel 16:6; 1 Kings 7:39,49 2 Chronicles 3:17; 4:6; 1 Kings 22:19 (= 2 Chronicles 18:18 with על), 2 Chronicles 4:7,8; Psalm 91:7 ("" מִצִּדְּךָ); for protection Psalm 16:8; מימין ל 2 Kings 23:13; Ezekiel 10:3; with לְ, וַתֵּשֶׁב לִימִינוֺ 1 Kings 2:19, so Psalm 110:1; Psalm 45:10; Psalm 109:31; with עַלֿ Zechariah 3:1; 1 Chronicles 6:24; 2 Chronicles 18:18 (= 1 Kings 22:19 with מן), Nehemiah 8:4; Job 30:12; Psalm 109:6; compare Psalm 110:5; without preposition יְמִין הָעִיר 2 Samuel 24:5; Job 23:9.

b. of direction toward, literal נָטָה ימין Numbers 20:17; Numbers 22:26 (both J E); סוּר ימין Deuteronomy 2:27; 1 Samuel 6:12; ׳מָּרַץ ימין ושׂ Isaiah 54:3; also (verb הִמָּרֶד in prev. clause) Genesis 13:9; הַבֵּיט ימין Psalm 142:5; and looking is implied also in Ezekiel 1:10 (with אֶלֿ; opposed to מֵהַשְּׂמאֹול); with עַל, נטה (לָלֶכֶת) על הַיָּמִין 2 Samuel 2:19,21; פנה עליֿמין Genesis 24:49; followed by אֶל, of course (הלך) of boundary Joshua 17:1; with לְ, לַיָמִין מֵעַל לַחוֺמָה Nehemiah 12:31 (verb omitted, went) to the right above the wall; figurative of moral deviation, סוּר מִןהַֿדָּבָריָ֗֗֗מִיןוּשְׂמאֹול Deuteronomy 17:11, so Deuteronomy 5:29; Deuteronomy 17:20; Deuteronomy 28:14; Joshua 1:7; Joshua 23:6; 2 Kings 22:2 2 Chronicles 34:2; ׳נטה ימין ושׂ Proverbs 4:27; also (very late) of the right as morally good, לֵב חָכָן לִימִינוֺ (opposed to שׂמאל) Ecclesiastes 10:2 De Reuss Now.

3 of other parts of the body, besides hand (see יַדיֿמינו etc. above): right thigh יֶרֶךְ יְמִינוֺ Judges 3:16,24; eye עֵין יָמִין 1 Samuel 11:2; עין ימינו Zechariah 11:17 (twice in verse); especially שׁוֺק הַיָּמִין i.e. the right (upper) leg of sacrificial animal Exodus 29:22; Leviticus 7:32,33; Leviticus 8:25,26; Leviticus 9:21; Numbers 18:18.

4 = south, because when facing east the right hand is toward the south: מִימִין הַיְשִׁימוֺן 1 Samuel 23:19; אֶליְֿמִין 1 Samuel 23:24; ישׁבמִימִינֵךְ Ezekiel 16:46 ("" עלשֿׂמאולך); צָפוֺן וְיָמִין Psalm 89:13; perhaps also Psalm 107:3, see יָם 9


Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.All rights reserved. Used by permission. BibleSoft.com
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Definition

יָמִין subst.

(1) m. [“com. but mostly fem.”] the right side, the right quarter. (Arab. يَمِينُ). When put in the genitive after other nouns it has the force of the adj. right (יְמָנִי). שׁוֹק הַיָּמִין the thigh of the right side, i.e. the right thigh; עֵין יָמִין the right eye, 1 Samuel 11:2 יַד יְמִינוֹ Genesis 48:14 יַד יְמִינִי his, my right hand, Psalms 73:23; Jeremiah 22:24. (Compare Syr. ܐܺܝܕܗܶ ܕܝܰܡܺܝܢܐܳ the right hand). Also

(a) on the right is עַל יָמִין Job 30:12 מִיָּמִין 1 Kings 7:39, 49 1 Kings 7:49 יָמִין (acc.) Job 23:9.

(b) on the right of any person or thing is דָּבָר, עַל יְמִין פּ׳ Nehemiah 8:4; Zechariah 4:11 אֶל יְמִין דָּבָר 1 Samuel 23:24 לִימִין פּ׳ Psalms 109:31; Isaiah 63:12 מִימִין פּ׳ Genesis 48:13; Psalms 16:8; Ezekiel 10:3; Zechariah 4:3 מִימִין לִפְ׳ 2 Kings 23:13 יְמִין פּ׳ 2 Samuel 24:5.

(c) on or at the right (after verbs of motion) לַיָּמִין Nehemiah 12:31 of some one לִימִין פּ׳ Psalms 110:1. שֵׁב לִימִינִי “sit thou at my right hand.”

(d) towards the right is עַל הַיָּמִין 2 Samuel 2:19; Isaiah 9:19 אֶל הַיָּמִין Ezekiel 1:10 הַיָּמִין Genesis 13:9, and יָמִין 1 Samuel 6:12; Numbers 20:17, 22:26 often in proverbial phrases, סוּר יָמִין אוֹ שְׂמאֹל to turn to the right or left, Deuteronomy 2:27, 5:29 17:20 Joshua 1:7, 23:6.-To stand on the right hand of any one is the same as to aid him, Psalms 16:8, 109:31 110:5 121:5 [The passages Psalms 109:6, Zechariah 3:1, show that this cannot be always the meaning of the phrase; the context and subject must be carefully heeded.] Those on whom special honour is conferred are said to sit on the right hand of a king, as the queen, 1 Kings 2:19; Psalms 45:10 the friend of the king, and minister of the kingdom, Psalms 110:1 (where see the interpreters); comp. Jos. Arch. vi. 11 § 9. [No one who believes in the divine authority of the N. Test. can doubt the application of Psalms 110:1 to Him, as risen from the dead, and ascended into the Father’s presence, “from henceforth expecting till His enemies shall be made His footstool.”]

(2) i.q. יַד יָמִין the right sc. hand, Genesis 48:18; Exodus 15:6; Psalms 21:9, 44:4, etc. In this signification, like יָד, it is joined with a feminine verb (Psalms 137:5), more rarely with a masculine (Proverbs 27:16).- Psalms 80:18, אִישׁ יְמִינֶךָ “the man of thy right hand,” i.e. whom thy right hand conducts, [rather, the man who is there seated, even Christ himself].

(3) the southern quarter, the south, compare the remarks on אָחוֹר No. 2. 1 Samuel 23:19, מִימִין הַיְשִׁימוֹן “from the south of the desert.” Verse 24 1 Samuel 23:24. 2 Samuel 24:5.

(4) The right hand in Hebrew, the same as in Greek, is connected with the idea of success, and thus denotes prosperity, like the Arab. يُمْنُ, see pr.n. בִּנְיָמִין Genesis 35:18. [It appears to be a mere assumption to assign this meaning or this idea to the Hebrew word.]

(5) [Jamin], pr.n. of a son of Simeon, Genesis 46:10 all.

Hence patron.


These files are public domain and are a derivative of an electronic edition that is available BibleSupport.com
List of Word Forms
בִּֽימִינ֖וֹ בִּֽימִינ֞וֹ בִּֽימִינֶֽךָ׃ בִּֽימִינָ֑הּ בִּֽימִינוֹ֙ בִּימִ֥ין בִּימִינ֖וֹ בִּימִינְךָ֣ בִּימִינִֽי׃ בִֽימִינ֗וֹ בימין בימינה בימינו בימיני׃ בימינך בימינך׃ הַיָּמִ֑ין הַיָּמִ֔ין הַיָּמִ֖ין הַיָּמִֽין׃ הַיָּמִין֙ הימין הימין׃ וְ֭יָמִין וִֽ֝ימִינָ֗ם וִֽימִינ֖וֹ וִֽימִינְךָ֥ וִֽימִינִ֖י וִֽימִינֶ֑ךָ וִֽימִינָ֖הּ וִימִינ֖וֹ וימין וימינה וימינו וימיני וימינך וימינם יְ֝מִֽינְךָ יְ֝מִינ֗וֹ יְמִ֣ין יְמִ֣ינְךָ֔ יְמִ֥ין יְמִֽינְךָ֑ יְמִֽינְךָ֙ יְמִֽינְךָ֣ יְמִֽינְךָ֥ יְמִינ֑וֹ יְמִינ֖וֹ יְמִינ֛וֹ יְמִינ֜וֹ יְמִינ֣וֹ יְמִינ֤וֹ יְמִינְךָ֖ יְמִינִ֑י יְמִינִֽי׃ יְמִינֶ֑ךָ יְמִינֶֽךָ׃ יְמִינָ֔ם יְמִינֽוֹ׃ יְמִינוֹ֙ יָ֝מִ֗ין יָמִ֑ין יָמִ֖ין יָמִ֣ין יָמִ֥ין יָמִ֧ין יָמִ֨ין ׀ יָמִין֙ יָמִין֮ ימין ימינו ימינו׃ ימיני ימיני׃ ימינך ימינך׃ ימינם לִֽ֝ימִינְךָ֗ לִֽימִינ֔וֹ לִֽימִינִ֑י לִֽימִינֽוֹ׃ לִימִ֣ין לַיָּמִין֙ לימין לימינו לימינו׃ לימיני לימינך מִֽ֝ימִינִ֗י מִֽימִינ֕וֹ מִֽימִינֵ֔ךְ מִֽימִינָ֖ם מִיָּמִ֔ין מִיָּמִ֖ין מִיָּמִ֜ין מִיָּמִ֗ין מִימִ֣ין מִימִ֥ין מִימִינ֖וֹ מִימִינֶ֑ךָ מימין מימינו מימיני מימינך מימינם bî·mî·nāh bî·mî·ne·ḵā bî·mî·nə·ḵā bî·mî·nî bî·mî·nōw ḇî·mî·nōw bî·mîn biMin bîmîn bimiNah bîmînāh bimineCha bîmîneḵā bîmînəḵā bimiNi bîmînî bimiNo bîmînōw ḇîmînōw haiyaMin hay·yā·mîn hayyāmîn laiyaMin lay·yā·mîn layyāmîn lî·mî·nə·ḵā lî·mî·nî lî·mî·nōw lî·mîn liMin lîmîn liminecha lîmînəḵā limiNi lîmînî limino lîmînōw mî·mî·nām mî·mî·ne·ḵā mî·mî·nêḵ mî·mî·nî mî·mî·nōw mî·mîn mî·yā·mîn miMin mîmîn mimiNam mîmînām mimiNech mimiNecha mîmînêḵ mîmîneḵā mimiNi mîmînî mimiNo mîmînōw miyaMin mîyāmîn Veyamin vimiNah vimiNam vimineCha vimiNi vimiNo wə·yā·mîn wəyāmîn wî·mî·nāh wî·mî·nām wî·mî·ne·ḵā wî·mî·nə·ḵā wî·mî·nî wî·mî·nōw wîmînāh wîmînām wîmîneḵā wîmînəḵā wîmînî wîmînōw yā·mîn yaMin yāmîn yə·mî·nām yə·mî·ne·ḵā yə·mî·nə·ḵā yə·mî·nî yə·mî·nōw yə·mîn yeMin yəmîn yemiNam yəmînām yemineCha yəmîneḵā yəmînəḵā yemiNi yəmînî yemiNo yəmînōw
adsFree icon
Ads FreeProfile