Bible Lexicons

φῐλέω,

Aeol. φίλημμι Sapph. 79, cf. Ead. Oxy. 1787 Fr. 1 + 2.24; 2 sg. φίλησθα Ead.22; late 3 pl. φίλεισι Epigr.Gr. 990.12 (Balbill.): Boeot. φίλειμι Hdn.Gr. 2.930: inf. φιλήμεναι Il. 22.265: Ion. and impf. φιλέεσκε 3.388, al.: fut. φιλήσω, inf. φιλησέμεν Od. 4.171: aor. 1 ἐφίλησα Pi. P. 2.16, etc.: pf. πεφίληκα ib. 1.13: — Med., Poet. 1 aor. ἐφῑλάμην; 3 sg. ἐφίλατο, φίλατο, Il. 5.61, 20.304, Call. Aet.Oxy. 2080.55; 3 pl. φίλαντο Lyc. 274; imper. φῖλαι Il. 5.117, 10.280; subj. φίλωνται h.Cer. 117, Hes. Th. 97; but φίλατο as Pass., A.R. 3.66; also part. φιλάμενος IG 14.1549 (Rome): — Pass., fut. Med. φιλήσομαι in pass. sense, Od. 1.123, 15.281, Antipho 1.19: fut. 3 πεφιλήσομαι Call. Del. 270: aor. ἐφιλήθην E. Hec. 1000, Pl. Phdr. 253c: Ephesians 3:1-21 pl. ἐφίληθεν Il. 2.668: pf. πεφίλημαι Pi. N. 4.45, X. An. 1.9.28; Dor. part. πεφιλᾱμένος Theoc. 3.3. [ ῐ exceptin the forms ἐφίλατο, φῑλατο, etc.]: (φίλος): —

love, regard with affection, opp. μισεῖν, Pl. R. 334c, Arist. Rh. 1380b34; φιλήσω τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων IG 12.15.36; (on its relation to sexual love v. infr. 3); of the love of gods for men, φ. δέ ἑ μητίετα Ζεύς Il. 2.197; πέρι γάρ μ' ἐφίλει (of the love of the master for his swineherd) Od. 14.146; (also ὃν περὶ κῆρι φ. Ζεὺς.. παντοίην φιλότητα Od. 15.245, cf. Il. 9.117); μάλα τούς γε φ. ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων Il. 16.94; εἰ.. Ἕκτορά περ φιλέεις καὶ κήδεαι αὐτοῦ 7.204, etc.; of love for a child reared, Od. 15.370; αἰ δὲ μὴ φίλει, ταχέως φιλήσει κωὐκὶ θέλοισα Sapph. 1.23; λόγοις φιλοῦσαν οὐ στέργω φίλην S. Ant. 543; φιλέων φιλέοντα Pi. P. 10.66; ὃν δ' ἐχρῆν φιλεῖν στυγεῖς A. Ch. 907; μάλιστά σ'.. ἤχθηρα κἀφίλησ' ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ S. El. 1363; ὃν οἱ θεοὶ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνῄσκει νέος Men. 125; ὅσα θεοὶ ἀνθρώποις οὓς φιλοῦσιν [διδόασιν ] SIG 985.48 (Philadelphia, i B. C.); οἱ φιλοῦντές τινα his friends, freq. in messages and letters, OGI 184.10 (Philae, i B. C.), Titus 3:15, PSI 8.971.30 (iii/iv A. D.), etc.; φιλεῖν ἐμαυτήν, αὑτόν, E. Hel. 999, Med. 86, etc.: — Pass., to be beloved by one, ἐκ Διός Il. 2.668; παρ' αὐτῇ 13.627, etc.; τινι E. Hec. 1000.

2. treat affectionately or kindly, esp. welcome, entertain a guest, Od. 4.29, 5.135, Il. 3.207, etc.; φίλος δ' ἦν ἀνθρώποισιν, πάντας γὰρ φιλέεσκεν ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκία ναίων Il. 6.15; ξεῖνον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι φ. Od. 8.42; ξεῖνον ἄγων ἐν δώμασι.. φιλέειν καὶ τιέμεν 15.543, cf. 14.322; θεὸς (i. e. Calypso) ἥ με.. ἐφίλει τε καὶ ἔτρεφεν 7.256; τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; who would quarrel with a kind host? 8.208; etc.: — Pass., παρ' ἄμμι φιλήσεαι welcome shalt thou be in our house, Od. 1.123, cf. 15.281.

3. opp. ἐρᾶν, τούτους μάλιστά φασι φιλεῖν ὧν ἂν ἐρῶσι regard with affection those for whom they have a passion, Pl. Phdr. 231c; ὥστε οὐ μόνον φιλοῖο ἄν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐρῷο ὑπ' ἀνθρώπων X. Hier. 11.11, cf. Smp. 8.21; εἰκ[] τὸ φιλεῖν τοὺς ἐρωμένους Arist. APr. 70a6; but φ. is used of lovers, ἥ γ' Εὐρυμάχῳ μισγέσκετο καὶ φιλέεσκεν Od. 18.325; Λυσίθεος Μικίωνα φιλῖν φησι μάλισστα τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει IG 12.924; οὐκ ἔστ' ἐραστὴς ὅστις οὐκ ἀεὶ φιλεῖ E. Tr. 1051, cf. Hdt. 4.176 (Pass.), Ar. Lys. 905; of the love of man for wife, ὅς τις ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς.. τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλέει (cherishes her) καὶ κήδεται ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον Il. 9.343, cf. 486; τὴν αὐτὸς φιλέεσκεν loved and cherished as his wife, ib. 450; but ἐμὲ.. ἀτιμάζει, φιλέει δ' ἀΐδηλον Ἄρηα (Hephaestus speaks of Aphrodite) Od. 8.309: Com., ὦ Δῆμ', ἐραστής εἰμι σὸς φιλῶ τέ σε καὶ κήδομαί σου Ar. Eq. 1341. of sexual intercourse, Hsch. s.v. βαίνειν.

4. show outward signs of love, esp. kiss (not in Hom.), φ. τοῖσι στόμασι kiss on the mouth, opp. τὰς παρειὰς φιλέονται, Hdt. 1.134, cf. X. Cyr. 1.4.27, Smp. 9.5; κατὰ τὸ στόμα AP 5.284 (Agath.); φιλήσω.. τὸ σὸν κάρα S. OC 1131; πατέρα.. περὶ χεῖρε βαλοῦσα φιλήσει A. Ag. 1559 (anap.), cf. Ar. Av. 671, 674, Pl. Phdr. 255e, Mark 14:44, etc.: c. dupl. acc., τὸ φίλαμα, τὸ.. τὸν Ἄδωνιν.. ἀποθνάσκοντα φίλασεν the kiss wherewith she kissed him, Mosch. 3.69: — Med., τὰς παρειάς kiss each other's cheeks, Hdt.l.c.

5. of things as objects of love, like, approve, σχέτλια ἔργα Od. 14.83; ἀοιδάν Pi. N. 3.7; οὔθ' ἱστῶν ἐφίλησεν ὁδοὺς οὔτε δείπνων.. τέρψιας P. 9.18, etc.; αἰσχροκέρδειαν S. Ant. 1056, cf. 312; τὰς λευκοτάτας [μάζας ] Telecl. 1.6 (anap.); Πράμνιον οἶνον Ephipp. 28.

6. of things as the subject, ἡσυχία δὲ φιλεῖ συμπόσιον Pi. N. 9.48; ἢ [μίτρη] μαστοὺς ἐφίλησε Call. Epigr. 39.

7. in making a request, οἶσθ' ὁτιὴ φιλῶ σ' ἐγώ, κἀμοὶ πιθόμενος ὑπαποκίνει τῆς ὁδοῦ Ar. Av. 1010; so τί πράσσει Φηλικίων ὁ ἀγαθός; φιλῶ σε pray, how goes it with the worthy Felicio? Arr. Epict. 1.19.20; so perh. in Herod. 1.66, πείσθητί μευ, φιλέω σε (but rather 'I speak as a true friend').

II after Hom., c. inf., love to do, be fond of doing, and so to be wont or used to do, φιλέει ὁ θεὸς τὰ ὑπερέχοντα κολούειν Hdt. 7.10. έ; ἢν ἁμάρτωσι τοῦ πατρικοῦ τύπου.. φιλέουσι διαφθείρεσθαι Democr. 228; Μοῖσα μεμνᾶσθαι φ. Pi. N. 1.12, cf. P. 3.18; φιλεῖ δὲ τίκτειν ὕβρις.. ὕβριν A. Ag. 763 (lyr.); τοῖς θανοῦσί τοι φιλοῦσι πάντες κειμένοις ἐπεγγελᾶν S. Aj. 989, etc.; rarely with part. for inf., φιλεῖς δὲ δρῶσ' αὐτὸ σφόδρα Ar. Pl. 645.

2. of things, events, etc., αὔρη ἀπὸ ψυχροῦ τινος φιλέει πνέειν Hdt. 2.27; φιλεῖ ὠδῖνα τίκτειν νύξ A. Supp. 769; ἐμπόρων ἔπη φ. πλανᾶσθαι S. OC 304; φιλεῖ γάρ πως τὰ τοιαῦθ' ἑτέρᾳ τρέπεσθαι Ar. Nu. 813 (lyr.); φιλεῖ μεγάλα στρατόπεδα ἐκπλήγνυσθαι Th. 4.125; ὃ δὴ φ. ὁ ἔρως ἐμποιεῖν Pl. Smp. 182c: esp. with γίγνεσθαι of what usually happens, ἀπὸ πείρης πάντα ἀνθρώποισι φιλέει γίνεσθαι everything comes to man by experience, Hdt. 7.9. γ, cf. 7.10. ζ, 7.50, Th. 3.42, Isoc. 6.104, Pl. R. 494c, al.; οἷα φ. γίγνεσθαι Th. 7.79, cf. Hdt. 8.128; without γίγνεσθαι, οἷα δὴ φιλεῖ as is wont, Pl. R. 467b; ὁποῖα φ. Luc. Amos 9:1-15.

3. impers., φιλέει δέ κως προσημαίνειν (sc. ὁ θεός), εὖτ' ἂν.. Hdt. 6.27; ὡς δὴ φιλεῖ.. λόγον ἔχειν ἀνθρώπους as it is usual for.., Plu. Pomp. 73.

φιλέω, φιλῶ; imperfect 3 person singular ἐφίλει; 1 aorist ἐφίλησα; perfect πεφίληκα; (φίλος); from Homer down;

1. to love; to be friendly to one (the Sept. several times for אָהַב): τινα, Matthew 10:37; John 5:20 (here L marginal reading ἀγαπᾷ); ; 1 Corinthians 16:22; Revelation 3:19; with ἐν πίστει added, with a love founded in and springing from faith, Titus 3:15; τί, to love i. e. delight in, long for, a thing: τήν πρωτοκλισίαν, Matthew 23:6; ἀσπασμούς, Luke 20:46; τήν ψυχήν, to be desirous of preserving one's life (opposed to μισεῖν, to hate it when it cannot be kept without denying Christ), John 12:25; with nouns denoting virtues or vices: τό ψεῦδος, Revelation 22:15 (σοφίαν, Proverbs 29:3; Proverbs 8:17); followed by an infinitive, like the Latinamo facere, to love to do, i. e. to do with pleasure: Matthew 6:5 (Isaiah 56:10; Pindar Nem. 1,15; Aeschylus septem 619; Agam. 763; Suppl. 769; Euripides, Iph. Taur. 1198; Rhes. 394; Xenophon, hipparch. 7, 9; Aelian v. h. 14, 37).

2. to kiss: τινα, Matthew 26:48; Mark 14:44; Luke 22:47 (often in the Greek writings; the Sept. for נָשַׁק, Genesis 27:26f, and often).

3. As to the distinction between ἀγαπᾶν and φιλεῖν: the former, by virtue of its connection with ἄγαμαι, properly denotes a love founded in admiration, veneration, esteem, like the Latindiligere, to be kindly disposed to one, wish one well; but φιλεῖν denotes an inclination prompted by sense and emotion, Latinamare; ὁ μή τοῦ δεόμενος οὐδέ τί ἀγαπωη ἄν. ὁ δέ μή ἀγαπωη (ἀγαπῶν (?)), ὀυδ' ἄν φίλοι, Plato, Lysias, p. 215 b.; ἐφιλησατε αὐτόν (Julius Caesar) ὡς πατέρα καί ἠγαπησατε ὡς εὐεργέτην, Dio Cassius, 44, 48; ut scires, eum a me non diligt solum, verum etiam amari, Cicero, ad fam. 13, 47; L. Clodius valde me diligit vel, ut ἐμφατικωτερον dicam, valde me amat, id. ad Brut. 1. Hence, men are said ἀγαπᾶν God, not φιλεῖν; and God is said ἀγαπῆσαι τόν κόσμον (John 3:16), and φιλεῖν the disciples of Christ (John 16:27); Christ bids us ἀγαπᾶν (not φιλεῖν) τούς ἐχθρούς (Matthew 5:44), because love as an emotion cannot be commanded, but only love as a choice. Wisdom says, τούς ἐμέ φιλοῦντας ἀγαπῶ, Proverbs 8:17. As a futher aid in judging of the different, between the two words compare the following passages: John 11:3, 5, 36; John 21:15-17; (even in some eases where they might appear to be used interchangeably (e. g. John 14:28; John 16:27) the difference can still be traced). From what has been said, it is evident that ἀγαπᾶν is not, and cannot be, used of sexual love (but it is so used occasionally by the later writers; cf. Plutarch, Pericl. 24, 12, p. 165 e.; symp. 7, p. 180 b. ὁ ἐρώμενος τόν ἐραστην ἀγαπᾷ; cf. Stephanus Thesaurus i., p. 209 a.; Sophocles' Lexicon, under the word ἀγαπάω, 2; Woolsey in the Andover Rev. for Aug. 1885, p. 170f). Cf. Tittmann, Syn. N. T. i., p. 50ff; Cremer, under the word ἀγαπάω (4te Aufl., p. 9f); Trench, § xii.; (Schmidt, chapter 136, especially § 6; Cope, Aristotle, rhet. vol. 1m Appendix A. (also given in the Journ. of Philol. for 1868, p. 88ff); also Höhne in (Luthardt's) Zeitschr. f. kirchl. Wissensch. as above with for 1882, p. 6ff; especially Woolsey as above Compare: καταφιλέω.)

φιλέω , -ῶ

(< φίλος ),

[in LXX: Genesis 27:4; Genesis 27:9, al. (H157), Genesis 27:27, al. (H5401), Lamentations 1:2 (H7453) Wisdom of Solomon 8:2, al.;]

1. to love (with the love of emotion and friendship, Lat, amare; v, SYN.): c. acc pers., Matthew 10:37, John 5:20; John 11:3; John 11:36; John 15:19; John 16:27; John 20:2; John 21:15-17, 1 Corinthians 16:22, Revelation 3:19; ἐν πίστει , Titus 3:15; c. acc rei, Matthew 23:6, Luke 20:46, John 12:25, Revelation 22:15; c. inf. (Isaiah 56:10; cf. Bl., § 69, 4), Matthew 6:5.

2. to kiss: c. acc pers., Matthew 26:48, Mark 14:44, Luke 22:47 (cf. κατα -φιλέω ).†

SYN.: ἀγαπάω G25 ω (q.v.), the love of duty and respect.