Bible Lexicons

τύπος —

from meaning originally the ";mark"; of a blow (cf. John 20:25), came to denote the ";stamp"; or the ";figure"; which a stamp bears, and hence ";pattern,"; ";model,"; and finally ";type"; in the Biblical sense of a person or event prefiguring someone or something in the future (cf. Exp V. vi . P. 377 ff.). The word has equally varied meanings in the papyri. The following may serve as illustrations—

(1) ";pattern"; : P Tebt II. 342.25 (late ii/A.D.) κοῦφα ἀρεστὰ τύπῳ τῷ προκ (ειμένῳ), ";pots in good order of the aforesaid pattern,"; and P Lond 1122 b.3 (c. A.D. 254–268) (= III. p. 211, P Flor II. 187*) τὸν τ ̣ύπον τὸν τοῦ ἐλαιουργοῦ π [α ]ράδος, if the word is read correctly (see the editor’s note).

See also P Lond 1917.6 (c. A.D. 330–340) ὅπως ἐφάρῃς τὰς χῖράς σ [ον πρὸς τὸν δεσ ]πότην θαιὸν ὡς τοίπως (l. τύπος) σ ̣ταυρω ̣̑, ";that you may lift up your hands to our Master God, in the semblance of a cross"; (Ed. : see his note).

(2) ";plan"; : P Oxy XII. 1460.12 (A.D. 219–20) dues κα ̣[ταχωρισθῆ ]ναι τύπῳ τῷδε, ";to be registered on the following plan,"; and P Flor III. 279.16 (lease of land—A.D. 514) κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τύπον.

(3) ";form,"; ";manner of writing"; : P Flor I. 278ii. 20 (iii/A.D.) τῷ αὐτω ̣̑ τύπῳ καὶ χρόνῳ, ";of the same contents and date,"; with reference to a letter (cf. Acts 23:25).

(4) ";decree,"; ";rescript"; : P Ryl II. 75.8 (judicial proceedings—late ii/A.D.) ζητηθήσεται ὁ πόρος αὐτο [ῦ ], ἤδη μέντοι τύπος ἐστὶν καθ᾽ ὃν ἔκρεινα πολλάκις, ";let an inquiry be made into his means; only there is a principle according to which I have often judged"; (Edd., who point out that τύπος may equally well be taken = ";pattern";), and the vi/vii A.D. P Lond 77.47 (= I. p. 234) μηδὲ αἰτῆσαι θεῖον καὶ πραγματικὸν τύπον πρὸς τήνδε τὴν διαθήκην.

(5) ";sentence,"; ";decision"; : P Oxy VI. 893.1 (= Chrest. II. p. 122) τῷ τύπῳ τῶν ἀξιω [.]πίστων ἀνδρῶν, ";by the sentence of the honourable men,"; and ib. XVI. 1911.145 δοῦναι τυ ̣π ̣ον εἰς τὴν συγχώρησιν, ";give a decision."; See also the difficult ib. 1829.2 (c. A.D. 577–9?) with the editors’ note.

(6) From the inscrr. we may cite OGIS 383.212 (mid. i/B.C.) τύπον δὲ εὐσεβείας. . . παισὶν ἐκγόνοις τε ἐμοῖς. . . ἐκτέθεικα, cf. 1 Timothy 4:12, and the use of the word to denote the ";models"; in silver of different parts of the body presented as votive–offerings to the healing god : see Roberts–Gardner p. 161 with reference to CIA II. 403.18 (iii/B.C.).

(7) For the verb τυπόω cf. P Oxy I. 67.12 (A.D. 338) φρόντισον τὰς κατὰ νόμους αὐτοὺς παραγγελίας ὑποδέξασθαι ποιῆσαι ἔνν [ο ]μόν τε τυπωθῆν [αι ] τὴν [το ]ῦ δικαστηρίου προκάταρξειν (= ιν), ";take care to enforce the precepts of the law, and to have the preliminary proceedings of the court conducted under legal forms"; (Edd.), also the magical P Lond 121.562 (iii/A.D.) (= I. p. 102) ἵνα τυπώσηται τὴν ἀθάνατον μορφήν, and P Giss I. 54.14 (iv/v A.D.) (= Chrest. I. p. 498). In MGr τύπος is ";type,"; ";form of language,"; while τυπώνω = ";I print"; (Thumb Handb. p. 359).

τυπικῶς —

";by way of example"; (1 Corinthians 10:11). Preisigke Wörterb. cites the corresponding adj. from P Masp II. 67154 verso.20 (vi/A.D.) καὶ τὸν ὅρκον καὶ τὰ τυπικά, ";ici le serment et les sceaux"; (Ed.).

 

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