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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4391 - προϋπάρχω
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- to be before, exist previously
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προϋπ-άρχω,
take the initiative in a thing, c. gen., ἀδικίας Th. 3.40; τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν, τῆς ἔχθρας, Isoc. 5.36,125: c. dat., π. τῷ ποιεῖν εὖ D. 20.46: with neut. Adj., π. τι ἔς τινα D.C. 38.34: — Pass., τὰ προϋπηργμένα εἰς αὑτόν benefits formerly received, D. 49.25, cf. OGI 244.8 (Daphne, ii B.C. ), Hierocl. in CA 7p.429M.; but also προϋπηργμένα ἀδικήματα Iamb. Myst. 4.5 .
II intr., exist before, be pre-existent, Th. 2.85, 4.126, Pl. Prt. 317d, PLille 1v4 (iii B.C.), etc.; οἱ νόμοι οἱ προϋπάρχοντες Arist. Pol. 1292b20, cf. SIG 526.31 (Itanos, iii B.C. ); ἡ τῶν σωμάτων αὔξησις ἐκ προϋπαρχόντων ἐστίν from pre-existent materials, Arist. Rh. 1419b22; πᾶσα μάθησις ἐκ προϋπαρχούσης γίνεται γνώσεως Id. APo. 0.71a1; προϋπάρξαντα things that happened before, past events, v.l. for πρὶν ὑπ . in D. 1.11; τὰ προϋπάρχοντα former possessions, Ceb. 31, D.C. 38.38; οἱ π. ὕπατοι the previous consuls, Plb. 3.106.2: pf. Pass., τὰ προϋπηργμένα antecedents, D. 18.262, Arist. Rh. 1367b13; οἰκειότης, χάρις προϋπηργμένη, J. Ap. 1.29, A.D. Synt. 132.21 .
2. c. gen., προϋπάρχειν δεῖ τὸ κινοῦν τοῦ κινουμένου must exist before . ., Arist. MA 700b1; π. ἑαυτοῦ S.E. M. 10.208; to be logically prior, μέθοδος πασῶν προϋπάρχουσα καὶ κυριωτέρα Nicom. Ar. 1.4 .
προϋπάρχω: imperfect προϋπῆρχον; from Thucydides and Plato down; to be before, exist previously: with a participle Acts 8:9; προϋπῆρχον ὄντες, Luke 23:12; cf. Bornemann, Schol. ad h. l.; Winers Grammar, 350 (328); (Buttmann, § 144, 14).
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** προ -ϋπ -άρχω ,
[in LXX: Job 42:18*;]
1. to be beforehand in.
2. to be before or previously: c. ptcp., Luke 23:12, Acts 8:9.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For the literal sense ";root"; cf. P Oxy XIV. 1674.5 (iii/A.D.) καῦσον τὴν ῥίζαν αὐτῆς, ";burn its roots,"; with reference to an acacia tree. In P Lond 121.173 (iii/A.D.) (= I. p. 89) the eating of roots of bugloss, [ῥ ]ίζας βυγλου (i.e. βουληώσσου), is recommended to prevent the breath from smelling after eating garlic. The metaphorical sense of ";origin,"; ";ancestry,"; is seen in OGIS 383.31 (mid. i/B.C.), where Antiochus I. refers to the Persians and Greeks as ἐμοῦ γένους εὐτυχεστάτη ῥίζα : cf. Revelation 22:16.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
