Bible Lexicons

ὀφθαλμός, ὁ,

(ὄπωπ-α, ὀφ-θῆναι, v. ὄψ B)

I

1. eye, used by Hom. and Hes. mostly in pl.; ὀφθαλμοὶ δ' ὡς εἰ κέρα ἕστασαν.. ἀτρέμας ἐν βλεφάροισι Od. 19.211: sg., παίειν τινὰ ἐς τὸν ὀ. Hdt. 9.22: the pl. continued most common, but the dual also occurs, as in Ar. Nu. 362: pl. is used in many phrases, ἐλθέμεν ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος before one's eyes, Il. 24.204; οὐδ' Ἀχιλῆος ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴσειμι ib. 463; ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδεῖν, ὁρᾶσθαι, etc., 10.275, Od. 4.47, etc.; but ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρᾶν, νοεῖν, to see before one's eyes, 8.459, Il. 24.312; ἔχειν ἐν ὀ. to have before one's eyes, X. An. 4.5.29; τὰ ἐν ὀ. what is before one's eyes, Pl. Tht. 174c; τὸ ἐν τοῖς ὀ. δὴ γελοῖον what was ridiculous to the eye, Id. R. 452d; ἐπίπροσθε τῶν ὀ. Id. Smp. 213a; πρὸ τῶν ὀ. προφαίνεσθαι Aeschin. 2.148; ἐπ' ὀφθαλμῶν Luc. Tox. 20; γενέσθαι τινὶ ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν to get out of any one's sight, Hdt. 5.106; ἐξ ὀ. ἀποπέμψασθαι Id. 1.120; ἐξ ὀ. ποιεῖν Alciphr. 3.20; κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς λέγειν τινί to tell one to one's face, opp. εἰς οὖς, Ar. Ra. 626; τυράννου κατ' ὀ. κατηγορεῖν to accuse him to his face, X. Hier. 1.14: sg. in the phrase πρὸς ὀφθαλμὸν ἐπιχεῖν, μίσγειν, by eye, PHolm. 7.23, PLeid.X. 62; eyes were painted on the bows of vessels, βλοσυροῖς κατὰ πρῷραν ὀφθαλμοῖς οἷον βλέπει Philostr. Im. 1.19, cf. IG 22.1607.24, Poll. 1.86; whence the joke in Ar. Ach. 97.

2. στέρησις ὀφθαλμῶν temporary loss of sight, Gal. 17(1).400.

II in sg., the eye of a master or ruler, πάντα ἰδὼν Διὸς ὀ. Hes. Op. 267; Δίκης ὀ. ὃς τὰ πάνθ' ὁρᾷ Men. Mon. 179; δεσπότου ὀ. X. Oec. 12.20; ἀκοίμητος ὀ., of God, Secund. Sent. 3; so a king is called ὀ. οἴκων A. Ch. 934 (so ὄμμα Pers. 169); and in Persia ὀφθαλμὸς βασιλέως the king's eye was a confidential officer, through whom he beheld his kingdom and subjects, A. Pers. 979 (lyr.), Hdt. 1.114, Ar. Ach. 92, X. Cyr. 8.2.10 sq., Arist. Pol. 1287b29, Ph. 1.642; cf. οὖς.

III the eye of heaven, ἑσπέρας ὀ., νυκτὸς ὀ., of the moon, Pi. O. 3.20, A. Th. 390; also οὐράνιος ὀ., of the sun, Secund. Sent. 5. the dearest, best, as the eye is the most precious part of the body, hence of men, ὀ. Σικελίας, στρατιᾶς, Pi. O. 2.10, 6.16; also, light, cheer, comfort, μέγας [γ'] ὀ. οἱ πατρὸς τάφοι S. OT 987, cf. E. Andr. 406. eye or bud of a plant or tree, Alcm. 43, Ion Eleg. 1.6, Hp. Nat.Puer. 26, X. Oec. 19.10, Thphr. HP 1.8.5, etc. a surgical bandage covering one or both eyes, Hp. Off. 7, Heliod. ap. Orib. 48.29, 30. Archit., in dual, the disks forming the centres of the volutes of an Ionic capital, IG 12.374.291.

ὀφθαλμός, ὀφθαλμοῦ, ὁ (from the root, ὀπ, to see; allied to ὄψις, ὄψομαι, etc.; Curtius, § 627), the Sept. for עַיִן (from Homer down), the eye: Matthew 5:38; Matthew 6:22; Mark 9:47; Luke 11:34; John 9:6; 1 Corinthians 12:16; Revelation 7:17; Revelation 21:4, and often; ῤιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ, 1 Corinthians 15:52; οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου εἶδον (see the remark in γλῶσσα, 1), Luke 2:30; cf. Luke 4:20; Luke 10:23; Matthew 13:16; 1 Corinthians 2:9; Revelation 1:7; (ἀνέβλεψαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί Matthew 20:34 R G); ἰδεῖν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, Matthew 13:15; John 12:40; Acts 28:27; ὁρᾶν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς (see ὁράω, 1), 1 John 1:1; ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν, desire excited by seeing, 1 John 2:16. Since the eye is the index of the mind, the following phrases have arisen: ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρός ἐστιν, i. e. thou art envious, Matthew 20:15; ὀφθαλμός πονηρός, envy, Mark 7:22 (עַיִן רַע, an envious man, Proverbs 23:6; Proverbs 28:22; cf. Sir. 34:13; בְּאָחִיך עֵינֲך רָעָה, thine eye is evil toward thy brother, i. e. thou enviest (grudgest) thy brother, Deuteronomy 15:9; ὀφθαλμός πονηρός φθονερός ἐπ' ἄρτῳ, Sir. 14:10; μή φθονεσάτω σου ὁ ὀφθαλμός, Tobit 4:7; the opposite, ἀγαθός ὀφθαλμός, is used of a willing mind, Sir. 32:10, 12 (Sir. 35:10, 12)); on the other hand, ὀφθαλμός πονηρός in Matthew 6:23 is a diseased, disordered eye, just as we say a bad eye, a bad finger (see πονηρός, 2 a. (where Luke 11:34)). κρατεῖν τούς ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ μή κτλ. (A. V. to hold the eyes i. e.) to prevent one from recognizing another, Luke 24:16; ὑπολαμβάνω τινα ἀπό τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τίνος, by receiving one to withdraw him from another's sight (A. V. received him out of their sight), Acts 1:9. Metaphorically, of the eyes of the mind, the faculty of knowing: ἐκρύβη ἀπό τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν σου, hidden from thine eyes, i. e. concealed from thee (cf. Buttmann, 320 (274)), Luke 19:42; διδόναι τίνι ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ μή βλέπειν, to crease one to be slow to understand, Romans 11:8 (cf. Buttmann, 267 (230)); τυφλουν τούς ὀφθαλμούς τίνος, John 12:40; 1 John 2:11; σκοτιζονται οἱ ὀφθαλμοί Romans 11:10; πεφωτίσμενοι ὀφθαλμοί τῆς διανοίας (cf. Buttmann, § 145, 6), Ephesians 1:18 Rec.; τῆς καρδίας (as in Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 36, 2 [ET]), ibid. G L T Tr WH; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τίνος (פּ בְּעֵינֵי (cf. Buttmann, § 146, 1 at the end)), in the judgment (cf. our view) of one, Matthew 21:42; Mark 12:11; οὐκ ἐστι τί ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τίνος, to neglect a thing (cf. our leave, put, out of sight), Romans 3:18; γυμνόν ἐστι τί τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς τίνος (see γυμνός, 2 a.), Hebrews 4:13; οἱ ὀφθαλμοί τοῦ κυρίου ἐπί δικαίους (namely, επι( (or απο() βλέπουσιν, which is added in Psalm 10:4 ()), are (fixed) upon the righteous, i. e. the Lord looks after, provides for them, 1 Peter 3:12. Other phrases in which ὀφθαλμός occurs may be found under ἀνοίγω, p. 48{b}, ἁπλοῦς, διανοίγω 1, ἐξορύσσω 1, ἐπαίρω, p. 228^a, καμμύω, μοιχαλίς a., προγράφω2

ὀφθαλμός , -οῦ , ὁ ,

[in LXX chiefly for H5869;]

the eye (as in cl., chiefly p1.): Matthew 5:38, Mark 9:47 Luke 6:41, John 9:6, al.; τοὺς ὀ . ἐξορύσσειν (fig.), Galatians 4:15; ἐπᾶραι , Luke 6:20, John 6:5; ἀνοῖξαι , Acts 9:40; id., of restoring sight, Matthew 20:33, John 9:10, al.; ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμῦ , 1 Corinthians 15:52; by anthropom., of God, Hebrews 4:13, 1 Peter 3:12; pleonastically (cf. Thackeray, Gr., 42 f.), εἶδον οἱ ὀ . μου , Luke 2:30 (similarly, Luke 4:20; Luke 10:23, John 12:40, 1 Corinthians 2:9, 1 John 1:1, Revelation 1:7). Metaph. (as otherwise in cl.; v. LS, s.v.);

(a) of ethical qualities: ὀ . πονηρός (meton., for envy; cf. Heb. H7451 H5869, Proverbs 28:22; cf. Sirach 14:10; Sirach 34:13), Matthew 6:22-23, Mark 7:22, Luke 11:34; ἁπλοῦς , Matthew 6:22, Luke 11:34; ἐπιθυρία (q.v.) ὀφθαλμῶν (cf. Ecclesiastes 4:8, Sirach 14:9), 1 John 2:16; ὀ . μεστοὶ μοιχαλίδος , 2 Peter 2:14;

(b) of mental vision: Matthew 13:15, Mark 8:18, Luke 19:42, John 12:40, Romans 11:8, Galatians 3:1, Ephesians 1:18, al.; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς seq. gen. (on the absence of the art., v. Bl., § 46, 9n; M, Pr., 81), Matthew 21:42, Mark 12:11