the Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3748 - ὅστις
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- whoever, whatever, who
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ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι
(sts. written ὅ, τι to dist. it from ὅτι, that): Hom. has also the masc. collat. form ὅτις Od. 1.47, al. (also in Critias 2.9 and Ion. and Arc. Prose, Jahresh. 12.136 (Erythrae), IG 12(5).22 (Ios), 5(2).343.34 (Orchom. Arc.)) and the neut. ὅττι Od. 9.402, al., cf. ὄττι Alc. 45. —
In some forms only the second part is inflected, viz. gen. ὅτου Th. 1.23, al., ὅττεο Od. 1.124, later Ion. ὅτεο Jahresh. l.c., contr. ὅττευ Od. 17.121, ὅτευ ib. 421, Hdt. 1.7; Lesb. ὄττω Sapph. Supp. 5.3; dat. ὅτῳ Th. 1.36, al.; perh. also in Ion., Emp. 2.5, Democr. 99, Hp. VC 14; ὅτεῳ Od. 2.114, and as disyll., Il. 12.428, 15.664; so Hdt. 1.86, al., Democr. 100, Heraclit. 15, SIG 194.21 (Amphipolis, iv B. C.); Arc. ὀς[] έοι IG 5(2).262.14 (Mantinea, v B. C.); acc. ὅτινα Od. 8.204, 15.395; Delph. gen. ὅτινος IG 22.1126.37 (iv B. C.), also Berl.Sitzb. 1927.167 (Cyrene); Delph. dat. ὅτινι IG 22.1126.25; Cret. dat. sg. ὄτιμι Leg.Gort. 7.51, 8.7, al.: pl., nom. masc. Arg. ὄττινες Mnemos. 44.65 (iii B. C.); neut. ὅτινα Il. 22.450; gen. ὅτεων Od. 10.39, Hdt. 8.65, Att. ὅτων S. OT 414, X. An. 7.6.24 (cj.), Oec. 3.2 (cj.) (also in Hes. Fr. 238, Anaxag. 12, Hp. Aër. 21); dat. ὁτέοισι (ν) Il. 15.491, Hdt. 2.82, Att. ὅτοισι S. Ant. 1335, Ar. Eq. 758, ὅτοις S. Tr. 1119; acc. ὅτινας Il. 15.492, Aeol. ὄττινας Sapph. 12: in a few forms only the first part is inflected, Cret. gen. sg. ὦτι prob. in Leg.Gort. 1.5, 2.50, 11.50, al., GDI 4993 ii 10: neut. pl. ἄτι Leg.Gort. 2.47, al.: of the forms with double inflexion Hom. has only ὅν τινα Il. 2.188, al., ἥν τινα 3.286, al., οἵ τινες Od. 4.94, al., οὕς τινας Il. 4.240, al., ἅς τινας Od. 8.573; ᾧτινι first in Hes. Op. 31, ἧστινος A. Ag. 1358, ᾗ τινι δή Th. 8.87, οἷστισι Ar. Pax 1279: Att. Inscrr. have ἧστινος ᾗτινι along with masc. and neut. ὅτου ὅτῳ, and this rule holds with few exceptions in Trag. and Att. Prose before iv B. C.; ᾡτινιοῦν occurs in Lys. 1.37, etc.: ὅτῳ rarely as fem., E. IT 1071. —
I For the Ion. and form ἅσσα, Att. ἅττα, v. ἅσσα. — On the concord and construction cf. ὅς B. 1.1,3, 11.3, 111.2a,b: —
1. Radic. sense, any one who, anything which, whosoever, whichsoever; ὣς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος, ὅτις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι Od. 1.47; ἀθανάτων ὅς τίς σε φυλάσσει 15.35, etc.: freq. without express antec., χαίρει δέ μιν ὅς τις ἐθείρῃ Il. 21.347; ἆσσον ἴτω ὅς τις δέπας οἴσεται 23.667: hence freq. in maxims or sentiments, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. πάντ' ἀνὴρ εὐδαιμονεῖ Ar. Ra. 1217; μακάριος ὅ. οὐσίαν καὶ νοῦν ἔχει Men. 114; οὗτος βέλτιστος ἂν εἴη, ὅ... Lys. 3.4, etc.: freq. in such phrases as ὅστις εἶ, ὅστις ἐστί, v. ὅς B. 111.2; ἔστιν ὅ., freq. with a neg., οὐ γὰρ ἔην ὅς τίς σφιν.. ἡγήσαιτο Il. 2.687; οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτῳ μείζονα μοῖραν νείμαιμ' ἢ σοί A. Pr. 293 (anap.), cf. 989, 1070 (anap.), etc.; εἰσὶν οἵτινες S. Fr. 354.5; οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ.. everything, Hdt. 5.97, Th. 7.87: — in these phrases the case of ὅστις commonly depends on that of οὐδείς; but sts. the reverse, v. οὐδείς 1.2: also joined with Sup., τρόπῳ ὅτῳ ἂν δύνωνται ἰσχυροτάτῳ Foed. ap. Th. 5.23; ὅντινα ἀφανέστατον δύναιντο τρόπον Paus. 10.1.5: in Trag. and Att. sts. strengthd. by an antec. πᾶς, but only in sg., ἅπας δὲ τραχὺς ὅ. ἂν νέον κρατῇ A. Pr. 35, cf. Th. 8.90 (πάντες ὅσοι being commonly used in pl., not πάντες οἵτινες; but πᾶσιν.. ὅστις ἐρωτᾷ IG 12.410). II referring to a definite object, prop. only when a general notion is implied, Πολυκράτεα.., δι' ὅντινα κακῶς ἤκουσε, not the man through whom, but one through whom.., Hdt. 3.120; τελευταῖόν σε προσβλέψαιμι νῦν, ὅστις πέφασμαι φύς τ' ἀφ' ὧν οὐ χρῆν may I see thee now for the last time, I who am one born from sinful parentage, S. OT 1184, cf. A. Pr. 38, Ag. 1065; but in quite definite sense, βωμόν, ὅστις νῦν ἔξω τῆς πόλεώς ἐστι Th. 6.3: sts. even with οὗτος or ὅδε as antec., Hdt. 1.167, 2.99, 6.47, E. Hipp. 943, Theoc. 8.87.
2. ἐφ' ὅτῳ, = ἐφ' ᾧτε, D.S. 16.4; so ἐφ' ὅτῳ τε Delph. 3(2).236 (ii B. C.).
III
1. in indirect questions, Hom., etc., εἴπ' ἄγε μοι καὶ τόνδε.., ὅς τις ὅδ' ἐστί Il. 3.192, cf. 167, etc.; ἔσπετε νῦν μοι, Μοῦσαι, ὅς τις δὴ κτλ. who it was that.., 14.509; ξεῖνος ὅδ', οὐκ οἶδ' ὅς τις Od. 8.28: in dialogue, when the person questioned repeats the question asked by τίς, as οὗτος τί ποιεῖς; — ὅ τι ποιῶ; Ar. Ra. 198; ἀλλὰ τίς γὰρ εἶ; — ὅστις; πολίτης χρηστός Id. Ach. 595, cf. Pl. 462, Pl. Euthphr. 2c, etc.
2. rare and late in direct questions, ὅ τι ἐστὶ τὸ ἐμποδίζον; A.D. Adv. 140.12; ἀνθ' ὅτου..; = why? Jul. 82p.109B. -C.; cf. ὅπως.
limited or made more indefinite by the addition of Particles:
1 ὅστις γε being one who (cf. ὅσγε), S. OT 1335, OC 810, Ar. Ra. 1184.
2. ὅστις δή (v. δή IV. 1), freq. used without any distinct relative force, θεῶν ὅτεῳ δή to some one or other of the gods, Hdt. 1.86; ὅτευ δὴ χρήματος δεησόμενον Id. 3.121; ᾗ τινι δὴ γνώμῃ Th. 8.87, etc.; also ὅ τι δήκοτε πρήξοντα Hdt. 6.134; ὅστις δήποτ' ὤν Pl. Phdr. 273c; ὡς ἀπετύγχαν' ὁτουδήποτε D. 19.167; ὁτῳδήτινι τρόπῳ PFay. 21.11 (ii A. D.); so ὁστισοῦν, ὁτιοῦν anybody (anything) whatsoever, Th. 4.16, Pl. Smp. 198b, etc.; μετὰ ὁτουοῦν τρόπου Th. 8.27; ὁτῳοῦν Pl. Tht. 175a; εἷς ὁστισοῦν any one person, Arist. Pol. 1286a31: freq. with neg., μηδ' ἂν ὁστισοῦν τυγχάνῃ ὤν Pl. Euthphr. 5e, cf. Phd. 78d, etc.; οὐδ' ὁτιοῦν not the least mite, nothing whatsoever, Ar. Nu. 344, Pl. 385; μηδοτιοῦν Thgn. 64: rarely, = whoever (whatever), as subject of a verb, ὁτιοῦν ἔτυχε τῶν ἐπὶ μέρους (v.l. ὅτι ἄν) Arist. Mu. 391a22. ὁστισδηποτοῦν D. 40.8, Aeschin. 1.164. so also ὅστις alone, Pl. Hp.Ma. 282d, etc.: with neg., μηδὲ οἵτινες none at all, X. HG 1.5.9; οὐδ' ἧστινος ἂν ἀσχολίας τὸ πρᾶγμα προσεδεῖτο Plb. 9.14.6.
3. ὅστις ποτε whoever, A. Ag. 160 (lyr.), cf. Hdt. 8.65.
4. ὅστις περ (cf. ὅσπερ), mostly in neut., ὅ τι πέρ ἐστ' ὄφελος Ar. Ec. 53, cf. Pl. R. 492e: in masc., D. 21.225.
5. ὅστις τε, where τε is otiose as in ὅστε, Il. 23.43, al. neut. ὅ τι used abs. as a Conj., v. ὅ τι. ἐξ ὅτου from which time, S. OC 345, Tr. 326, Ar. Nu. 528, X. Cyr. 8.2.16, etc.;
1. ἐξ ὅτου περ Ar. Ach. 596; ἀπ' ὅτευ since.., Hdt. 1.7, cf. SIG 45.18 (Halic., v B. C.); so ἕως ὅτου until.., Luke 13:8.
2. from what cause, S. Tr. 671, E. Cyc. 639.
ὅστις, ἥτις, ὁ, τί (separated by a hypodiastole (comma), to distinguish it from ὅτι; but L T Tr write ὁ τί, without a hypodiastole (cf. Tdf. Prolog., p. 111), leaving a little space between ὁ and τί; (WH ὅτι); cf. Winers Grammar, 46 (45f); (Lipsius, Gramm. Untersuch., p. 118f; WH. Introductory § 411)), genitive ὁυτινος (but of the oblique cases only the accusative neuter ὁ, τί and the genitive ὅτου, in the phrase ἕως ὅτου, are found in the N. T.) (from Homer down), compound of ὅς and τίς, hence, properly, anyone who; i. e.:
1. whoever, everyone who: ὅστις simply, in the singular chiefly at the beginning of a sentence in general propositions, especially in Matt.; with an indicative present, Matthew 13:12 (twice); Mark 8:34 (where L Tr WH εἰ τίς); Luke 14:27; neuter Matthew 18:28 Rec.; with a future, Matthew 5:39 (R G Tr marginal reading),
2. it refers to a single person or thing, but so that regard is had to a general notion or class to which this individual person or thing belongs, and thus it indicates quality: one who, such a one as, of such a nature that (cf. Kühner, § 554 Anm. 1, ii., p. 905; (Jelf, § 816, 5); Lücke on 1 John 1:2, p. 210f): ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ, Matthew 2:6; add, Matthew 7:26; Matthew 13:52; Matthew 16:28; Matthew 20:1; Matthew 25:1; Mark 15:7; Luke 2:10; Luke 7:37; Luke 8:3; John 8:25; John 21:25 (Tdf. omits the verse); Acts 11:28; Acts 16:12; Acts 24:1; Romans 11:4; 1 Corinthians 5:1; 1 Corinthians 7:13 (Tdf. εἰ τίς); Galatians 4:24, 26; Galatians 5:19; Philippians 2:20; Colossians 2:23; 2 Timothy 1:5; Hebrews 2:3; Hebrews 8:5; Hebrews 10:11; Hebrews 12:5; James 4:14; 1 John 1:2; Revelation 1:12; Revelation 9:4; Revelation 17:12; ὁ ναός τοῦ Θεοῦ ἅγιος ἐστιν, οἵτινες ἐστε ὑμεῖς (where οἵτινες makes reference to ἅγιος) and such are ye, 1 Corinthians 3:17 (some refer it to ναός).
3. Akin to the last usage is thai whereby it serves to give a reason, such as equivalent to seeing that he, inasmuch as he: Romans 16:12 (here Lachmann brackets the clause); Ephesians 3:13; (Colossians 3:5); Hebrews 8:6; plural, Matthew 7:15; Acts 10:47; Acts 17:11; Romans 1:25, 32; Romans 2:15; Romans 6:2; Romans 9:4; Romans 16:7; 2 Corinthians 8:10; (Philippians 4:3 (where see Lightfoot)); 1 Timothy 1:4; Titus 1:11; 1 Peter 2:11.
4. According to a later Greek usage it is put for the interrogative τίς in direct questions (cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 57; Lachmann, larger edition, vol. i., p. xliii; Buttmann, 253 (218); cf. Winer's Grammar, 167 (158)); thus in the N. T. the neuter ὁ, τί stands for τί equivalent to διά τί in Mark 2:16 T Tr WH (cf. 7 WH marginal reading);
5. It differs scarcely at all from the simple relative ὅς (cf. Matthiae, p. 1073; Buttmann, § 127, 18; (Krüger, § 51, 8; Ellicott on Galatians 4:24; cf. Jebb in Vincent and Dickson's Handbook. to Modern Greek, Appendix, § 24); but cf. C. F. A. Fritzsche in Fritzschiorum opuscc., p. 182f, who stoutly denies it): Luke 2:4; Luke 9:30; Acts 17:10; Acts 23:14; Acts 28:18; Ephesians 1:23.
6. ἕως ὅτου, on which see ἕως, II. 1 b. β., p. 268b middle
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ὅστις , ἥτις , ὅ τι
(also written ὅ , τι and ὅτι ; v. LS, s.v.; WH, 411; Tdf., Pr., 111), in NT scarcely ever except in nom. (M, Pr., 91), the only instance of the oblique cases being found in ἕως ὅτου (see ἕως ), relative of indef. reference (related to simple ὅς as Lat. quisguis to qui), whoever, anyone who;
(a) of an indef. person or thing: in general statements, Matthew 5:39; Matthew 5:41; Matthew 13:12, and freq., Luke 14:27, Galatians 5:4, al.; in relative sentences, Matthew 7:26, Luke 15:7, Philippians 3:7, al.; πᾶς ὅ ., c. indic., Matthew 7:24; Matthew 10:32; ὅ . ἄν (ἐάν ), c. subjc., Matthew 12:50; Matthew 13:12, John 14:13, 1 Corinthians 16:2, Galatians 5:10 al.;
(b) of a definite person or thing, indicating quality, "either generic, which, as other like things, or essential, which by its very nature" (Hort on 1 Peter 2:11), who is such as: Matthew 2:6; Matthew 7:26, Luke 2:10; Luke 7:37 John 8:53, Acts 7:53, Romans 6:2, 1 Corinthians 3:17, Galatians 4:24, Ephesians 1:23, al.;
(c) where the relative sentence expresses a reason, consequence, etc. (M, Pr., 92), seeing that he (it, they), and he (it, they): Luke 8:3; Luke 10:42, Acts 10:47; Acts 11:28, Philippians 4:3, al.;
(d) as in Ionic and late Greek (El., § 50, 1; M, Pr., l.c.), differing but little from ὅς : Luke 2:4; Luke 9:30, Acts 17:10, Revelation 12:13.
ὅτου G3755, see ὅστις .
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
The remarkable tradition preserved in Cod. Bezae after Luke 6:4 is perhaps the origin of the phrase παραβάτης νόμου in Paul and James : see Plumrner ad Lk l.c.
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