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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3007 - λείπω
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- to leave, leave behind, forsake, to be left behind
- to lag, be inferior
- to be destitute of, to lack
- to be wanting, to fail
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this Strong's Number
λείπω,
impf. ἔλειπον Il. 19.288, etc.: fut. λείψω 18.11: aor. 1 ἔλειψα, part. λείψας Ar. Fr. 965 (= Antiph. 32), elsewh. only late, Plb. 12.15.12 (παρ -), Str. 6.3.10 (παρ -), Ps.-Phoc. 77 (ἀπ -), etc.; uncompounded, Ptol. Alm. 10.4, Luc. Par. 42, Ps.-Callisth. 1.44 (cod. C); also in later Poets, Man. 1.153, Opp. C. 2.33, and in Inscrr., Epigr.Gr. 522.16 (Thessalonica), 314.27 (Smyrna), etc.: but correct writers normally use aor. 2 ἔλῐπον Il. 2.35, A. Pers. 984 (lyr.), etc.: pf. λέλοιπα Od. 14.134: plpf. ἐλελοίπειν (Att. - η) X. Cyr. 2.1.21: —
Med., in prop. sense chiefly in compds.: aor. 2 ἐλιπόμην Hdt. 1.186, 2.40, E. HF 169, etc. (in pass. sense, Il. 11.693, al.): —
Pass., fut. Med. in pass. sense λείψομαι Hes. Op. 200, Hdt. 7.8. ά, 48; also λειφθήσομαι S. Ph. 1071, λελείψομαι Il. 24.742, Th. 5.105, etc.: aor. ἐλείφθην, λείφθην Pi. O. 2.43; Ephesians 3:1-21 pl. ἔλειφθεν h.Merc. 195: pf. λέλειμμαι Il. 13.256, Democr. 228, Pl. Ti. 61a, etc.: plpf. ἐλελείμμην Il. 2.700; λέλειπτο 10.256: aor. also ἔλειπτο A.R. 1.45, etc.:
I
1. leave, quit, Ἑλλάδα, δώματα, etc., Il. 9.447, Od. 21.116, etc.: with a neg., [ σκόπελον] οὔ ποτε κύματα λείπει Il. 2.396; νιν.. χιὼν οὐδαμὰ λ. S. Ant. 830 (lyr.); χερσὶν ὕπο Τρώων λείψειν φάος ἠελίοιο, i.e. die, be killed, Il. 18.11; λ. τὸν βίον ὑπό τινος Pl. Lg. 872e; λ. βίον, βίοτον, etc., S. El. 1444, E. Hel. 226 (lyr.), etc.; αὐτόχειρι σφαγῇ λ. βίον Id. Or. 948. conversely, τὸν δ' ἔλιπε ψυχή Il. 5.696, Od. 14.426; τὸν.. λίπε θυμός Il. 4.470; ἔπειτά με καὶ λίποι αἰών 5.685, cf. Od. 7.224; λίπε δ' ὀστέα θυμός Il. 16.743; ψυχὴ δὲ λέλοιπεν (sc. ὀστέα) Od. 14.134; νῦν δ' ἤδη πάντα λέλοιπεν (sc. ἐμέ) ib. 213; in these two last passages some take it intr., is gone, v. infr. 11.
2. leave behind, leave at home, παιδὶ τὸν ἐν μεγάροισιν ἔλειπες Od. 13.403, cf. Il. 5.480; esp. of dying men, leave (as a legacy), Ἀτρεὺς δὲ θνῄσκων ἔλιπεν πολύαρνι Θυέστῃ [τὸσκῆπτρον ] 2.106; πατέρι γόον καὶ κήδεα λυγρά 5.157, cf. S. Aj. 973; παῖδα ὀρφανὸν λ. ib. 653; λ. ἄρρενας, θυγατέρας, Pl. Lg. 923e, 924e; λ. εὔκλειαν ἐν δόμοισι A. Ch. 348 (lyr.): — also in Med., leave behind one (as a memorial to posterity), μνημόσυνον λιπέσθαι Hdt. 1.186, 6.109, al.; λιπέσθαι τιμωρούς E. HF 169; διαδόχους ἐμαυτῷ Plu. Aem. 36, etc. leave standing, leave remaining, spare, οἰκίαν οὐδεμίαν X. An. 7.4.1; μηδένα Id. HG 2.3.41, Pl. R. 567b, etc.
3. leave, forsake, Il. 17.13, etc.; λ. τινὰ χαμαί Pi. O. 6.45; εὕδοντα S. Ph. 273; τὴν αὑτοῦ φύσιν λ. ib. 903; λ. τὴν τάξιν Pl. Ap. 29a, etc.; λ. ἐράνους fail in paying.., D. 27.25, cf. 25.22; λ. δασμόν, φοράν, X. Cyr. 3.1.1, 34; λ. μαρτυρίαν, ὅρκον, fail in.., D. 49.19, 59.60, λ. δίκην allow it to go by default, SIG 134b24 (Milet., iv B.C.); λοιβὰς.. οὐ λίπε neglected them not, IG 3.1337.8. conversely, λίπον ἰοὶ ἄνακτα they failed him, Od. 22.119.
4. Math., lose or drop something, i.e. have something subtracted from it, τὸ KP λιπὸν τὸ BO the area KP minus the area BO, Apollon.Perg. 3.12, cf. Ptol. Alm. 10.4, al., Dioph. 2.21.
II
1. intr., to be gone, depart, Epigr.Gr. 149.2 (Rhenea); v. supr. 1.1b.
2. to be wanting or missing, οὔ τί πω ἔλιπεν ἐκ τοῦδ' οἴκου.. αἰκία S. El. 514 (lyr.); οὔποτ' ἔρις λείψει κατὰ πόλεις E. Hel. 1157 (lyr.); τὸ κακοτυχὲς οὐ λέλοιπεν ἐκ τέκνων Id. HF 133 (lyr.); λείπουσιν αἱ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς [τρίχες ] Arist. HA 518a24; ἔτι ἕν σοι λείπει Luke 18:22; τί λείπει τῶν ἐπιτηδείων αὐταῖς; Plb. 10.18.8; τί γάρ σοι λείπει; Arr. Epict. 2.22.5, cf. Diog.Oen. 64; [ εἰς τὴν προκειμένην πραγματείαν] τὸ ὑφ' οὗ γίνεται.. μὴ ῥηθὲν οὐ λείπει is not needed, Marcellin. Puls. 69: c. inf., λείπει μὲν οὐδ' ἃ πρόσθεν ἤδεμεν τὸ μὴ οὐ βαρύστον' εἶναι nihil absunt quin.., S. OT 1232: so c. gen., βραχὺ λείπει τοῦ μὴ συνάπτειν Plb. 2.14.6, etc.; πρότασις τῆς προειρημένης λείπουσα ὑποθέσει a proposition containing less in the hypothesis than that aforesaid, Papp. 648.1: freq. with numerals, κεφάλαιον γίγνεται μικροῦ λείποντος πέντε καὶ δέκα τάλαντα Lys. 19.43; οὐ πολὺ λεῖπον τῶν ἐνενήκοντα ἐτῶν Plb. 12.16.13; τριήρεις πέντε λείπουσαι τῶν ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι D.S. 13.14: generally, παντὸς μὲν οὖν λείπει Pl. Lg. 728a; ὁ λιπών ib. 759e; τὸ λεῖπον what is lacking, Plb. 4.38.9, etc.; esp. Gramm., to be incomplete, of a phrase, λειπούσης τῆς φράσεως A.D. Adv. 159.28, al.; to be wanting, omitted, λείποντος τοῦ καί Id. Conj. 225.24: also c. dat., λείπει ἡ κεῖνος φωνὴ τῷ ε Id. Adv. 147.17. of the moon, to be invisible (cf. λειψιφαής), Plot. 2.3.5. λείποντα εἴδη, in Algebra, = λείψεις, negative terms, Dioph. 1 Def. 10. Pass.,
1. to be left, left behind, ἄλοχος Φυλάκῃ ἐλέλειπτο Il. 2.700; οἱ δ' οἶοι λείπονται Od. 22.250, etc.; also ὀπίσσω, μετόπισθε, κατόπισθε λ., Il. 3.160, 22.334, Od. 21.116; παῖδες.. μετόπισθε λελειμμένοι left behind in Troy, Il. 24.687; μόνα.. νὼ λελειμμένα S. Ant. 58, etc.; τὸ λειπόμενον βίου (v.l. βιοτᾶς) Ariphron 1 (= IG 3.171). Math., to be subtracted: τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΦ λειφθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΑ ποιεῖ.., the square on ΔΦ subtracted from the square on ΔΑ gives.., Ptol. Alm. 10.7.
2. remain, remain over and above, τριτάτη δ' ἔτι μοῖρα λέλειπται Il. 10.253; ἐμοὶ δὲ λελείψεται ἄλγεα λυγρά 24.742; ὀλίγων σφι ἡμερέων λείπεται σιτία Hdt. 9.45; ὃ πᾶσι λ. βροτοῖς.. ἐλπίς E. Tr. 681; αὐτόνομοι ἐλείφθημεν Th. 3.11; ἕως ἄν τι λείπηται Id. 8.81: impers., λείπεται it remains, Pl. Tht. 157e: c.acc. et inf., πεπληρῶσθαί με Id. Phdr. 235c.
3. remain alive, πολλοὶ δὲ λίποντο Od. 4.495, cf. A. Pers. 480, X. An. 3.1.2.
II
1. c. Genesis 1:1-31 to be left without, to be forsaken of, κτεάνων λειφθεὶς καὶ φίλων Pi. I. 2.11; σοῦ λελειμμένη S. Ant. 548; but στρατὸν λελειμμένον δορός which has been left by the spear, i.e. not slain, A. Ag. 517.
2. to be left behind in a race, Il. 23.407, 409, Od. 8.125; λελειμμένος οἰῶν lingering behind the sheep, 9.448; λείπετ'.. Μενελάου δουρὸς ἐρωήν he was left a spear's throw behind Menelaus, Il. 23.529; ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο he had been left behind as much as a quoit's throw, ib. 523; κίρκοι πελειῶν οὐ μακρὰν λελειμμένοι A. Pr. 857, cf. E. Hipp. 1244; τοῦ κήρυκος μὴ λείπεσθαι not to lag behind the herald, Th. 1.131; but ἀπό τινος to be left behind by one, Il. 9.437, 445; λ. βασιλέος or ἀπὸ βασιλέος by the king, Hdt. 8.113, 9.66; λείπεσθαι τοῦ καιροῦ to be behind time, X. Cyr. 6.3.29; τῆς ναυμαχίης Id. 7.168; τῆς ἐξόδου Id. 9.19; but, λείπου μηδὲ σύ, παρθέν', ἀπ' οἴκων fail not [to come] from the house, i.e. follow us, dub. in S. Tr. 1275 (anap.): abs., to be left behind, be absent, Hdt. 7.229, 8.44.
3. come short of, be inferior to, τινος, like ἐλαττοῦσθαι, ἡττᾶσθαι, ὑστερεῖσθαί τινος, because the Verb has a comp. sense, Id. 7.48, etc.; οὐκ ἔσθ' ὁποίας λείπεται τόδ' ἡδονῆς falls short of.., E. Fr. 138.3; λείπεσθαί τινος ἔς τι or ἔν τινι, Hdt. 1.99, 7.8. ά (v. infr. 4); περί τι Plb. 6.52.8; πρός τι S. Tr. 266; καμήλους ταχυτῆτι οὐ λειπομένας ἵππων Hdt. 7.86; ξύνεσιν οὐδενὸς λ. Th. 6.72; πλήθει λ. X. HG 7.4.24; πλήθει ἡμῶν λειφθέντες Id. An. 7.7.31; οὐδ' ἔτι θηρὸς ἐλείπετο δερκομένοισιν, i.e. resembled.., Epic.in Arch.Pap. 7p.4: also c. gen. rei, λειφθῆναι μάχης E. Heracl. 732; οὐδὲν σοῦ ξίφους λελείψομαι Id. Or. 1041: Math., τὸ ἐγγραφὲν τοῦ περιγραφέντος ἐλάσσονι λείπεται the inscribed figure falls short of the circumscribed by less than.., Archim. Con.Sph. 21: also c. dat. rei, λειφθῆναι μάχῃ A. Pers. 344: c. part., οὐδὲν ἐμοῦ λείπει γιγνώσκων X. Oec. 18.5; λέλειψαι τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων you come short of, understand not my plans, E. Or. 1085; λέλειμμαι τῶν ἐν Ἕλλησιν νόμων Id. Hel. 1246: abs., to be defeated, Plb. 1.62.6; ὑπό τινος AP 11.224 (Antip.); λείπεσθαι ἐν [τῇ ἀγορανομίᾳ ], Lat. repulsam ferre, Plu. Ma 5, etc.: abs., in part., ἄνδρας λελειμμένους inferior men, A. Fr. 37; also, λειπόμενοι the poor, IG 14.1839.7.
4. to be wanting or lacking in a thing, fail of or in, c. gen., ὀδυρμάτων ἐλείπετ' οὐδέν S. Tr. 937; γνώμας λειπομένα σοφᾶς Id. El. 474 (lyr.); λελειμμένη τέκνων E. Ion 680; λελ. λόγου failing to heed my word, S. Aj. 543; μῆνας ἓξ.. λειπόμενος (sc. τῶν εἴκοσι ἐτῶν) Epigr.Gr. 519 (Thessalonica); also, λ. ἐν τῷ μὴ δύνασθαι μηδ' ὁρᾶν S. OC 495; v. supr. 3.
5. to be in need of, τῆς σῆς βοηθείας A.D. Synt. 289.28. (I.- E. leiq[uglide] -, cf. Lat. li-n-quo, Skt. ric -, pres. 3 sg. ri-ṇa-k-ti 'leaves', etc.)
λείπω; (2 aorist subjunctive 3 person singular λιπη, Titus 3:13 T WIt marginal reading; present passive λείπομαι; from Homer down);
1. transitive, to leave, leave behind, forsake; passive to be left behind (properly, by one's rival in a race, hence), a. to lag, be inferior: ἐν μηδενί, James 1:4 (Herodotus 7, 8, 1); (others associate this example with the two under b.).
b. to be destitute of, to lack: with the genitive of the thing, James 1:5; James 2:15 (Sophocles, Plato, others).
2. intransitive, to be lacking or absent, to fail: λείπει τί τίνι, Luke 18:22; Titus 3:13 (Polybius 10, 18, 8; others); τά λείποντα, the things that remain (so Justin Martyr, Apology 1, 52, cf. 32; but others are lacking), Titus 1:5. (Compare: ἀπολείπω, διαλείπω, ἐκλείπω, ἐπιλείπω, καταλείπω, ἐνκαταλείπω, περιλείπω, ὑπολείπω.)
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λείπω ,
[in LXX: Job 4:11, Proverbs 19:4 (H6504), al.;]
1. trans., to leave, leave behind; pass., to be left behind, to lack seq. prep. (as more usual in cl.), ἐν , James 1:4; c. gen. rei, James 1:5; James 2:15.
2. Intrans., to be gone, to be wanting: c. dat. pers., Luke 18:22, Titus 3:13; τὰ λείποντα , Titus 1:5
(cf. ἀπο -, δια -, ἐκ -, ἐπι -, κατα -, ἐν -κατα -, περι -, ὑπο -λείπω ).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
P Amh II. 36.12 (c. B.C. 135) λείπω τε τὴν ὑπερβολήν, ";I do not exaggerate"; (Edd.), Preisigke 276 τάδ᾽ ἔλιπον Ἀτταλάχοις Ἡρακλῆ. As showing that the distinction between the active and the middle of the verb was carefully preserved, it may be noted that ";the invariable expression in Anatolian epigraphy, even of the humblest class expressed in the worst Greek, is λείπειν βίον, not λείπεσθαι "; (W. M. Ramsay Exp VII. vi. p. 548 f.). For the act. in the intrans. sense of ";am lacking,"; as in Luke 18:22, we may cite Epict. ii. 14. 19 τί σοι λείπει; and for the middle construed with ἐν, as in James 1:4, cf. Preisigke 620.6 (B.C. 97–96) where a temple that has received other honours is declared to be wanting in the right of asylum—λείπεσθαι δὲ ἐν τῷ μὴ εἶναι ἄσυλον. The verb is a term. techn. in accounts to denote a deficiency, e.g. P Par 59.11 (B.C. 160) (= Witkowski.2, p. 76) λ (είπεται) (δραχμαὶ) ρ ̄ν ̄ε ̄. Examples of λείπομαι with a gen. of the thing wanting, as in James 1:5; James 2:15, are to be found only in very late writers, such as Libanius : cf. Field Notes, p. 235. The pass. c. dat. is seen in P Tor I. 1vii. 35 (B.C. 116) λελεῖφθαι τῇ κρίσει, ";causa cecidisse"; (Ed.), P Giss I. 69.15 (A.D. 118–119) κρειθῇ λειπόμεθα. The Ionic form -λιμπάνω is found in Attic popular speech in the second half of iv/B.C. (Meisterhans Gr. p. 176) : cf. P Petr I. 14.9 (a will—B.C. 237) καταλιμπάνω τὰ ὑπ [άρχοντα, similarly ib. 15.17, and the late P Grenf I. 60.46 (A.D. 581) κληρονόμοις κατ ]αλιμπάνειν. See also the Alexandrian Erotic Fragment ib. I. 1.3 (ii/B.C.) με κατεφίλει ἐπιβούλως μέλλων με καταλιμπάνειν, and OGIS 519.18, .20 (c. A.D. 245) παραλιμπάνοντες. . . καταλιμπάνοντες. The form occurs sporadically in composition in the LXX (Thackeray Gr. i. p. 227), but in the NT only in 1 Peter 2:21, unless we add three occurrences in the ";Western"; text, Acts 8:24 D, 17.13 D, and 2 Corinthians 4:9 FG. On the variations in MSS. between ἔλειπον and ἔλιπον, see Moulton Gr. ii. § 95. MGr λείπω, ";fail,"; ";am wanting,"; ";am absent.";
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
