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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2470 - ἴσος
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- equal, in quantity or quality
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ἴσος, η, ον,
ἶσος and ἔϊσος (v. infr.); Cret., Arc. ϝίσϝος GDI 4998ii2, 4982.2, Schwyzer 665, cf. γισγόν· ἴσον, Hsch.; later ἵσος Schwyzer 708a(1) (Ephesus, iv B.C.), Tab.Heracl. 1.175, etc.: —
I
1. equal in size, strength, or number, c. dat., κύματα ἶσα ὄρεσσιν Od. 3.290, etc.; freq. of appearance, like, ἶσος ἀναύδῳ 10.378; ἶσος Ἄρευι Sapph. 91 (dub.); ἴσος θεοῖσιν Ead.2.1: freq.abs., ἴσην.. βίην καὶ κῦδος Il. 7.205; ἶσον θυμὸν ἔχειν to be of like mind, 13.704, 17.720: neut. as Adv., ἶσον ἐμοὶ φρονέουσα 15.50; θεοῖσιν ἶσ' ἔθελε φρονέειν 5.441, cf. 21.315, etc.; ἴσος τινὶ τὸ μέγαθος, ὕψος, Hdt. 2.32, 124; τὸ μῆκος, τὸ πλάτος, X. An. 5.4.32; ἀριθμόν E. Supp. 662; ἴσα τὸν ἀ. Pl. R. 441c; ποτὴν ἴσον equal in flight of song, Alex.Aet. 5.5; ἴσον, τό, copy of a document, PLond. 3.1222.5 (ii A.D.), etc.: with dat. pers. in place of an object of comparison, οὐ μὲν σοί ποτε ἶσον ἔχω γέρας (i.e. τῷ σῷ γέραϊ) Il. 1.163; τοῖσδ' ἴσας ναῦς (i.e. ταῖς τῶνδε) E. IA 262 (lyr.); ἴσα τοῖς νῦν στρατηγοῖς ἀγάθ' εἰργασμένους D. 13.21: folld. by a relative word, ἐμοὶ ἴσον.., ὅσονπερ ὑμῖν the same to me as to you, Ar. Ec. 173; τὰ ἐκεῖ ἴσα, ὥσπερ τὰ ἐνθάδε Lys. 19.36 codd. (fort. σᾶ) ; τὰ ἴσα ὅσαπερ.. Lex ap. D. 23.44; ἴσον.. ὅπερ Pl. Erx. 405b.
2. repeated to denote equal relations, ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα tit for tat, Hdt. 1.2; ταχθέντες ἴσοι πρὸς ἴσους S. Ant. 142 (anap.); ἴσους ἴσοισι.. ἀντιθείς E. Ph. 750; ἴσα ἀντὶ ἴσων λαμβάνειν, ἐκδοῦναι Pl. Lg. 774c; ἴσος ἴσῳ (sc. οἶνος ὕδατι) Cratin. 184, Com.Adesp. 107, etc.; κύλικος ἴσον ἴσῳ κεκραμένης (where ἴσον is adverbial) Ar. Pl. 1132; διδόναι γάλα καὶ οἶνον πίνειν ἴσον ἴσῳ Hp. Epid. 2.5.1: metaph., 'fairly blended', μηδὲν ἴσον ἴσῳ φέρων Ar. Ach. 354.
3. of persons, equal in rights, βούλεται ἡ πόλις ἐξ ἴσων εἶναι καὶ ὁμοίων Arist. Pol. 1295b25; ἡ πολιτικὴ ἐλευθέρων καὶ ἴσων ἀρχή ib. 1255b20; τὸ κατ' ἀξίαν ἴ. ib. 1307a26, al.
II
1. equally divided or distributed, ἴση μοῖρα Il. 9.318; ἴση alone, one's equal share, μή τίς μοι ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης Od. 9.42 (ἴσσης cj. Fick, cf. ἴσσασθαι) ; τὴν ἴ. ἔχων Cratin. 250; οὐ μὴν ἴ. ἔτεισεν (sc. τίσιν) S. OT 810; ἄχρι τῆς ἴ. up to the point of equality, D. 5.17: neut., μὴ ἴσον νεῖμαι ἑκατέρῳ Pl. Prt. 337a; οὐ μόνον ἴσον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλέον ἔχειν Isoc. 17.57; οὐκ ἀνέξῃ δωμάτων ἔχων ἴσον καὶ τῷδε νεῖμαι; E. Ph. 547; τὰ ἴσα fair measure, τὰ ἴ. νέμειν Hdt. 6.11; μὴ ἴσων ἕκαστον τυγχάνειν ἀλλὰ πλεονεκτεῖν, X. Cyr. 2.2.20; προστυχεῖν τῶν ἴ. to obtain fair terms, S. Ph. 552; κἂν ἴσαι (sc. ψῆφοι) γένωνται equally divided, Ar. Ra. 685.
2. based on equality of rights, ἴ. καὶ ἔννομος πολιτ εία Aeschin. 1.5; τὴν πολιτείαν ἰσαιτέραν καθιστάναι Th. 8.89; τὰ ἴ. equal rights, equality, freq. joined with τὰ ὅμοια or τὰ δίκαια, ὡς τῆς πολιτείας ἐσομένης ἐν τοῖς ἴ. καὶ ὁμοίοις X. HG 7.1.45; τῶν ἴ. καὶ τῶν δικαίων ἕκαστος ἡγεῖται ἑαυτῷ μετεῖναι ἐν τῇ δημοκρατίᾳ D. 21.67; οὐ μέτεστι τῶν ἴ. οὐδὲ τῶν ὁμοίων πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους τοῖς λοιποῖς ib.112; τῶν ἴ. μετεῖχε τοῖς ἄλλοις ib.96; also ἡ ἴ. καὶ ὁμοία (sc. δίκη), τῆς ἴ. καὶ ὁμοίας μετέχειν Th. 4.105; ἐπ' ἴ. τε καὶ ὁμοίῃ on fair and equal terms, Hdt. 9.7, ά, cf. Th. 1.145; ἐπὶ τῇ ἴ. καὶ ὁμοίᾳ ib. 27, cf. SIG 312.27 (Samos, iv B.C.), OGI 229.44 (Smyrna, iii B.C.), etc.: generally, just, fair, ἐκ ποίας ἴ. καὶ δικαίας προφάς εως; D. 18.284.
3. of persons, fair, impartial, S. Ph. 684 (lyr.), OT 677; ἴ. δικαστής Pl. Lg. 957c; ἴ. καὶ κοινοὶ ἀκροαταί D. 29.1, cf. 18.7; ἴ. καὶ κοινὸν δικαστήριον Id. 7.36; κοινοὺς μὲν.., ἴ. δὲ μή Pl. Prt. 337a; ἴ. ἴσθι κρινων Men. Mon. 266, cf. 257; κριταὶ ἴ. καὶ δίκαιοι Plb. 24.15.3, etc.
4. adequate, ἡ ἴ. φρουρά Th. 7.27 (expld. by Sch. as regular, τεταγμένη) ; ἴσος τοῖς παροῦσι Id. 1.132.
III
1. of ground, even, flat, εἰς τὸ ἴ. καταβαίνειν, of an army, X. An. 4.6.18 (but ἐν ἴσῳ προσιέναι to advance with even step, ib. 1.8.11); λέουσιν εἰς τὸ ἴ. καθιστάμενοι μάχεσθαι, opp. μετὰ πλεονεξίας ἀγωνίζεσθαι, on even terms, Id. Cyr. 1.6.28; ἴ. τοῖχος, opp. κεκλικώς, perpendicular, Phlp. in Revelation 2:27. Adv. ἴσως (v. sub voc.): but also, 1 neut. sg. and pl. from Hom. downwds. (v. sub init.), ἶσον.. ἀπήχθετο κηρὶ μελαίνῃ even as Death, Il. 3.454; ἶσον ἐμοὶ βασίυε be king like me, 9.616; ἶσον γάρ σε θεῷ τίσουσιν Ἀχαιοί ib. 603; ἶσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ 18.82; τὸν.. ἶσα θεῷ.. εἰσορόωσιν Od. 15.520; ἶσα φίλοισι τέκεσσι Il. 5.71, cf. 13.176, Od. 1.432, 11.304, etc.: later abs., alike, δείλαιε τοῦ νοῦ τῆς τε συμφορᾶς ἴσον S. OT 1347; τὴν Σάμον καὶ Ἡρακλέας στήλας ἴσον ἀπέχειν Hdt. 8.132: c. dat., ἴσον ναοῖς θεῶν E. Hel. 801; ἴσον ἄπεσμεν τῷ πρίν equally as before, Id. Hipp. 302 (v.l. τῶν πρίν) ; ἴσα τοῖς πάνυ D.C. Fr. 70.6; ἴσα καί.. like as, as if, S. OT 1187 (lyr.), E. El. 994 (anap.), Th. 3.14; ἴσον ὡς.. E. Ion 1363; ὥσπερ.. S. El. 532; ὥστε.. E. Or. 882; ἅτε.. Id. HF 667 (lyr.); ὅσονπερ.. D. 15.1.
2. with Preps.: ἀπὸ τῆς ἴσης equally, Th. 1.15; ὁ ἀπὸ τῆς ἴ. ἐχθρός Id. 3.40; ἀπ' ἴσης εἶναι D. 14.6; ἀφ' ἵσου SIG 426.14 (Teos, iii B.C.); δι' ἴσου D.C. 43.37; at equal distance, Pl. R. 617b: also in Math., ex aequali, of proportions, Euc. 5 Def. 17, al.; δι' ἴ. ἐν τεταραγμένῃ ἀναλογίᾳ ex aequali in disturbed proportion, Archim. Sph.Cyl. 2.4,al., Papp. 932.11; ἐν ἴσῳ equally, Th. 2.53, 4.65; ἐν ἴσῳ ἐστί it matters not, E. IA 1199; ἐν ἴσῳ [ἐστὶ] καὶ εἰ.. Th. 2.60; ἐν τῷ ἴσῳ εἶναι Id. 4.10; ἐξ ἴσης Pl. Lg. 861a: more freq. ἐξ ἴσου Hdt. 7.135, S. OT 563, etc.; ἐξ ἴ. τινί Id. Ant. 516, 644, Antipho 5.1, Pl. Grg. 517a; evenly, εὐθεῖα γραμμή ἐστιν ἥτις ἐξ ἴ. τοῖς ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς σημείοις κεῖται Euc. 1 Def. 4; ἐξ ἴ. καὶ.. S. OC 254; ὡς.. Id. OT 61; οἱ ἐξ ἴ. persons of equal station, Pl. Lg. 777d, cf. 919d; ὁ ἐξ ἴ. κίνδυνος Plb. 9.4.4; ἐκ τοῦ ἴ. γίγνεσθαί τινι Th. 2.3; τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου ἡμῖν οὖσι X. Hier. 8.5; ἐξ ἴσου τισὶ τῆς πολιτείας μεταδιδόναι Lys. 25.3; ἐκ τοῦ ἴ. μάχεσθαι to be evenly matched, X. HG 2.4.16; ἐξ ἴ. πολεμεῖν D. 8.47; κατὰ μῆνα τὸ αἱροῦν ἐξ ἴ. the sum due in equal monthly instalments, PAmh. 2.92.14, etc.; ἐπὶ or ἐπ' ἴσης, ἐπὶ ἴ. διαφέρειν τὸν πόλεμον Hdt. 1.74; τοῦτο ἐπ' ἴσης ἔχει Id. 7.50, cf. S. El. 1062 (lyr.), etc.; ἐπ' ἴσου Plb. 1.18.10; ἐπ' ἴσον Id. 6.38.4, cf. Docum. ap. D. 18.106, Phld. Ir. p.21 W.; ἐπὶ ἶσα μάχη τέτατο Il. 12.436; cf. κατὰ ἶσα μάχην ἐτάνυσσε 11.336; κατ' ἴσον Dsc. 1.68.6, Gal. UP 1.19; μετ' ἴσου equally, Demetr.Lac. Herc. 124.12. Comp. ἰσαίτερος E. Supp. 441, Th. 8.89, X. HG 7.1.14: Sup. ἰσότατος Timo 68; ἰσαίτατος Ph. 1.462. Adv. ὡς ἰσαίτατα Pl. Lg. 744c, but ὡς ἰσότατα SIG 531.30 (Dyme). [ ῑ in early (exc. Hes. Op. 752), cf. Sol. 24.1: ῐ first in Thgn. 678, Sapph. 2.1 (but ἶσος Ead.91 s.v.l.), B. 5.46 (but ἶσον 1.62, Fr. 2.2), and always in Pi. (exc. in compd. ῑσοδαίμων) and Trag. (A. Fr. 216 is dub. l.) exc. in compd. ῑσό-θεος (q.v.); dub. in ἰς-όνειρος. Both quantities are found in later poetry, sts. in same line, ἔχοισαν ἴσον κάτω, ἶσον ἄνωθεν Theoc. 8.19; πρέσβυν ἴσον κούροις, ἶσον ἁδόντα κόραις APl. 4.309.]
ἴσος
(epic ἶσος , so sometimes Rec.), -η , -ον ,
[in LXX for כְּ֜ , Job 5:14; Job 10:10, al.; H259, Ezekiel 40:5 ff.; 2 Maccabees 9:15, 4 Maccabees 13:20-21, al.;]
equal, the same in size, number, quality, etc.: δωρεά , Acts 11:17; μαρτυρίαι , Mark 14:56; Mark 14:59; ἴ . ποιεῖν , c. acc et dat., Matthew 20:12; ἑαυτὸν τ . θεῷ , John 5:18; τὰ ἴ . ἀπολαβεῖν , Luke 6:34, n. pl., ἴσα , adverbially, Revelation 21:16; τ . θεῷ , Philippians 2:6.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
In BGU II. 646.6 (A.D. 193) ἵνα πάντες ἰδιῆτα [ι ] (l. εἰδῆτε) καὶ ταῖς ἴσαις ἡμέραις ἑορτάση [τα ]ι (l. ἑοτάσητε) Wilcken (Chrest. I. p. 570) understands the reference to be not to the same calendar-days, but to the same length of time, viz. 15 days as stated later in the document. For the meaning ";equal"; in quality, cf. P Strass I. 32.14 (A.D. 261) ζυγὸν δὲ ἐνάγων παρά σοι τὸν ἐπιτηδειότερον αὐτῷ παράσχες, τὸν ἴσον σεαυτῷ ποιήσας εἰς τὰ παρά σοι ἔργα. The neut. is common as a subst. = ";copy,"; e.g. P Lond 1222.5 (A.D. 138) (= III. p. 126), a letter enclosing a copy of a rescript, and requesting that another copy should be given to a certain woman—τὸ ἴσον δι᾽ ὑπηρε ̣του μεταδοθῆναι τ [ῇ ] διά [σ ]ου δ ̣η ̣λ ̣[ουμέ ]νῃ Θερμουθ ̣αρίωι, and similarly P Tebt II. 301.21 (A.D. 190) ἔσχον τούτου [τὸ ἴ ]σον ἄχρι ἐξετάσεως, ";I have received a copy of this [a notice of death] for investigation."; For τὰ ἴσα, as in Luke 6:34, cf. P Ryl II. 65.7 (B.C. 67 ?) εἰς τὸ βασιλικὸν τὰ ἴσα, ";the same sum to the Treasury,"; and for ἴσα used adverbially (as in Philippians 2:6, cf. Job 11:12; Job 30:19), see the curious nursery alphabet P Tebt II. 278.33 (early i/A.D.)—
ἴσα οὕτωι ἦρκε,
κάλλιστον ἱμάτιν,
";just so he stole it, my lovely garment."; This usage survives in MGr ἴσ (ι)α μέ (i.e. μετά.), ";till,"; ";up to"; (Thumb Handb. p. 111). Cf. also the adverbial phrase ἐξ ἴσου, as in P Fay 34.14 (A.D. 161) κατὰ μῆνα τὸ αἱροῦν ἐξ ἴσου, ";in equal monthly instalments"; (Edd.), ib. 93.17 (A.D. 161), al., and ἐπ᾽ ἴσηι καὶ ὁμοίηι, ";upon equal and similar terms,"; as in Syll 162.27 (end of iv/B.C.). The difficult phrase ἴσος πλήρης in P Goodsp Cairo 28.4 (ii/A.D.) with reference to a. boat’s lading is discussed by Wilcken Archiv iii. p. 116. As regards derivation ἴσος <*ϝ ιτσ -ϝ ος, from the root of εἶδος (Boisacq, p. 383). On ἵσος see Thumb Hellen. p. 64. MGr ἴσιος.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
