the Week of Proper 25 / Ordinary 30
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #225 - ἀλήθεια
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- objectively
- what is true in any matter under consideration
- truly, in truth, according to truth
- of a truth, in reality, in fact, certainly
- what is true in things appertaining to God and the duties of man, moral and religious truth
- in the greatest latitude
- the true notions of God which are open to human reason without his supernatural intervention
- the truth as taught in the Christian religion, respecting God and the execution of his purposes through Christ, and respecting the duties of man, opposing alike to the superstitions of the Gentiles and the inventions of the Jews, and the corrupt opinions and precepts of false teachers even among Christians
- what is true in any matter under consideration
- subjectively
- truth as a personal excellence
- that candour of mind which is free from affection, pretence, simulation, falsehood, deceit
- truth as a personal excellence
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ἀλήθ-εια [ ᾰλ], ἡ, Dor. ἀλάθεια (also ἀλαθείᾱ B. 12.204); ἀλάθεα Alc. 57, Theoc. 29.1 is neut. pl. of ἀλᾱθής; (and Farly Att. acc. to Hdn.Gr. 2.454) ἀληθείᾱ; Ion. ἀληθείη:
I truth, opp. lie or mere appearance:
1, in Hom. only opp. a lie, freq. in phrase ἀληθείην καταλέξαι Il. 24.407,al.; ἀ. ἀποειπεῖν 23.361; παιδὸς πᾶσαν ἀ. μυθεῖσθαι to tell whole truth about the lad, Od. 11.507; ἀλάθει' ἀτρεκής Pi. N. 5.17, cf. B. l.c.; prov., οἶνος καὶ ἀ. ` in vino veritas', Alc.l.c., etc.; ἁπλᾶ γάρ ἐστι τῆς ἀ. ἔπη A. Fr. 176, cf. E. Ph. 469; χρᾶσθαι τῇ ἀ. Hdt. 1.116; εἰπεῖν τὴν ἀ. Id. 6.69; ἡ ἀ. περί τινος Th. 4.122, S. Tr. 91; ἀ. ἔχειν to be true, Arist. Pol. 1281a42: pl., ταῖς ἀ. χρῆσθαι Isoc. 9.5; τὰς ἀ. λέγειν Men. 87, 925; τὰς ἀ. ἀκοῦσαι τῶν γενομένων Alcid. Od. 13: — Ἀλήθεια or περὶ Ἀληθείας, title of works by Protag., Pl. Tht. 161c, Cra. 391c; by Antipho Soph., FOxy. 1364, cf. Hermog. Id. 2.11, etc.
2. after Hom. also truth, reality, opp. appearance, σὺν ἀλαθείᾳ καλῶν B. 3.96; ἡ ἀ. τῶν πραχθέντων Antipho 2.4.1; τῶν ἔργων ἡ ἀ. Th. 2.41; μιμήματα ἀληθείας Pl. Plt. 300c: — in adverb. usages, τῇ ἀ. in very truth, Th. 4.120, etc.; ταῖς ἀ. Isoc. 15.283, cf. Philem. 130, Plb. 10.40.5, Babr. 75.20; rarely (without the Art.) ἀληθείᾳ Pl. Prt. 343d: — with Preps., ἐν τῇ ἀ. Pl. La. 183d; ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος in truth and reality, D. 21.72; ἐπ' ἀληθείᾳ for the sake of truth, A. Supp. 628, Ar. Pl. 891; also, according to truth and nature, Theoc. 7.44: — μετ' ἀληθείας X. Mem. 2.1.27, D. 2.4: — κατὰ τὴν ἀ. Isoc. 1.2.46, etc.; κατ' ἀλήθειον Arist. Pol. 1278b33, etc.: — ξὺν ἀληθείᾳ A. Ag. 1567: — πρὸς ἀλήθειαν D.S. 5.67, etc.
3. real war, opp. exercise or parade, Plb. 10.20.4,al.; ἐπ' αὐτῆς τῆς ἀ. Id. 1.21.3.
4. true event, realization of dream or omen, Hdt. 3.64, Damon ap.Sch. Ar. Pl. 1003.
II of persons, truthfulness, sincerity, Hdt. 1.55; ἀλαθείᾳ φρενῶν A. Ag. 1550, cf. Pl. R. 331c, Arist. EN 1108a20.
III *)a. personified, Emp. 1, Parm. 1.29, etc. symbol of truth, jewel worn by Egyptian high-priest, D.S. 1.48, 75, Ael. VH 14.34: of the Thummim, LXX Leviticus 8:8.
ἀλήθεια, (ας, ἡ (ἀληθής) (from Homer down), verity, truth.
I. objectively;
1. universally, what is true in any matter under consideration (opposed to what is feigned, fictitious, false): James 3:14; ἀλήθειαν λέγειν, έ᾿ρειν, John 8:45; John 16:7; Romans 9:1; 1 Corinthians 12:6; 1 Timothy 2:7; εἶπεν αὐτῷ πᾶσαν τήν ἀλήθειαν, everything as it really was, Mark 5:33 (so in classics); μαρτυρεῖν τῇ ἀλήθεια to testify according to the true state of the case, John 5:33; in a broader sense, λαλεῖν ἀλήθειαν, to speak always according to truth, Ephesians 4:25; (ἀληθείας ῤήματα ἀποφθέγγομαι, as opposed to the vagaries of madness, Acts 26:25); ἀλήθεια ἐγένετο, was shown to be true by the event, 2 Corinthians 7:14. ἐν ἀλήθεια, in truth, truly, as the case is, according to fact: Matthew 22:16; John 4:23f (as accords with the divine nature); 2 Corinthians 7:14; Colossians 1:6; ἐπ' ἀληθείας a. truly, in truth, according to truth: Mark 12:32; Luke 4:25 (Job 9:2 the Sept.; Philo, vit. Moys. i., § 1).
b. of a truth, in reality, in fact, certainly: Mark 12:14; Luke 20:21; (
2. In reference to religion, the word denotes what is true in things appertaining to God and the duties of man, (`moral and religions truth'); and that a. with the greatest latitude, in the sceptical question τί ἐστιν ἀλήθεια, John 18:38;
b. the true notions of God which are open to human reason without his supernatural intervention: Romans 1:18; also ἡ ἀλήθεια Θεοῦ the truth of which God is the author, Romans 1:25, cf. 19 (ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Ev. Nicod., c. 5, 2; accordingly, it is not, as many interpret the phrase, the true nature of God (yet see Meyer at the passage)); truth, the embodiment of which the Jews sought in the Mosaic law, Romans 2:20.
c. "the truth, as taught in the Christian religion, respecting God and the execution of his purposes through Christ, and respecting the duties of man," opposed alike to the superstitions of the Gentiles and the inventions of the Jews, and to the corrupt opinions and precepts of false teachers even among Christians: ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου the truth which is the gospel or which the gospel presents, Galatians 2:5, 14 (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 34, 3 a.); and absolutely ἡ ἀλήθεια and ἀλήθεια: John 1:14, 17; John 8:32, 40; (
II. (subjectively) "truth as a personal excellence; that candor of mind which is free from affectation, pretence, simulation, falsehood, deceit": John 8:44; sincerity of mind and integrity of character, or a mode of life in harmony with divine truth: 1 Corinthians 5:8; 1 Corinthians 13:6 (opposed to ἀδικία); Ephesians 4:21 (see I. 1 b. above);
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ἀλήθεια , -ας , ἡ
(< ἀληθής ),
[in LXX chiefly for H571 (on which, v. Cremer, 627 f.), H530;]
truth (v. DB, iv, 818 f.).
1. Objectively, "the reality lying at the basis of an appearance; the manifested, veritable essence of a matter" (Cremer, 86): Romans 9:1, al.; of religious truth, Romans 1:2, al.; esp. of Christian doctrine, Galatians 2:5, al.; ἀ . θεοῦ , Romans 15:8.
2. Subjectively, truthfulness, truth, not merely verbal (cl.), but sincerity and integrity of character: John 8:44, 3 John 1:3.
3. In phrases (MM, VGT, s.v.): ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας , Mark 12:14, al.; ἀ . λέγειν (εἰπεῖν , λαλεῖν ), Romans 9:1, 2 Corinthians 12:6, Ephesians 4:25, al.; ἀ . ποιεῖν , John 3:21, 1 John 1:6 (cf. DE, iv, 818 b, ff.).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
The noun occurs requently in prepositional phrases, μετὰ πάσης ἀληθείας , etc. Ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας is found in P Amh II. 6833 (late i/A.D.) ὀμνύομεν . . . εἶ μὴν ἐξ ὑγειοῦς καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας ἐπιδεδωκ [έ ]ναι : so P Oxy III. 480.9 (A.D. 132), and Syll 226174 (iii/B.C.) οὐ γεγενημένου τούτου ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας , etc. This NT phrase is thoroughly idiomatic, we see, and not ";translation Greek"; in Mark. Other combinations are ἐξ ἀ ., P Oxy VII. 103233 (A.D. 162) ἐ [κ ] τῆς ἀ ., P Flor I. 3214 (A.D. 298) ἐξόμνυμι . . . ἐξ ἀ . καὶ πίστεως . (For this collocation of nouns, cf. P Oxy I. 705 (iii/A.D.) πίστιν καὶ ἀλήθ [ειαν ἔ ]χει , ";is credited and accepted,"; of a contract (Edd.).) With 2 John 1:1, 3 John 1:1 ὃν ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ , cf. the Gemellus letters, P Fay 118.26 (A.D. 110) ἀσπάζου τοὺς φιλοῦντές σε πάντες πρὸς ἀλήθιαν , and ib. 119.26 (c. A.D. 100) τοὺς φιλοῦντες ἡμᾶς πρὸς ἀλήθιαν . In much the same sense we find ταῖς ἀληθ (είαις ), P Ryl II. 105.26 (A.D. 136). For the noun without prepositions we may quote P Oxy II. 283.13f. (A.D. 45) ἐξ οὗ δεήσει γνωσθῆναι πᾶσαν τὴν περὶ τῶν προγεγραμμένων ἀλήθειαν , P Giss I. 84.14 (ii/A.D.) φι ]λοῦσ ̣ι νῦν οὗτοι τὴν ἀλήθ [ε ]ιαν εἰπε ̣ι ̣̑ν ̣, P Lond 412.5 (A.D. 351) = (II. p. 280) εἰ μὴ ὑπῆρχεν ἡμεῖν ἡ τῶν νόμων ἀλήθει [α ], ib. 8973 (A.D. 84) ( = III. p. 206) νυνεὶ δὲ ὑμεῖς τὴν ἀλήθειαν γράψαται , etc. From v/vi A.D. comes an interesting Christian prayer in P Oxy VI. 9255 φανέρωσόν μοι τὴν παρὰ σοὶ ἀλήθιαν εἰ βούλῃ με ἀπελθεῖν εἰς Χιούτ . The form of the petition closely follows those of paganism.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
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