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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2209 - ζημία
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- damage, loss
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ζημία,
Dor. ζᾱμία (SIG 239 D iii5 (Delph., iv B.C.), etc., later σαμία Delph. 3(1).342 (ii B.C.), cf. ταμία, ἀττάμιος), ἡ,
I
1. loss, damage, Epich. 148; opp. κέρδος, Lys. 7.12, Pl. Lg. 835b, Arist. EN 1132b12; ζημίαν or -ίας λαβεῖν to sustain loss, S. Fr. 807, D. 11.11; ζ. ποιεῖν Ar. Pl. 1124; ζ. ἐργάζεσθαι Isa 6.20 (unless in signf. 1.2); ζ. φέρειντῇ πόλει Pl. Lg. l.c.; ζ. εἶναι νομίζειν consider as loss, Isoc. 3.50, Isaiah 7:23; ζ. πλείονα ὑπομένειν τῆς τιμῆς PFlor. 142.8 (iii A.D.).
2. ζ. ἐργάζεσθαι, of a slave, be guilty of a delict, Isa 6.20 (v. supr.), Hyp. Ath. 22.
II
1. penalty in money, fine, ζημίην ἀποτίνειν Hdt. 2.65, cf. PHal. 1.195 (iii B.C.); ἐκτίνειν Pl. Lg. 774e; ἱρὴν ζ. ὀφείλειν Hdt. 3.52; ζ. καταβάλλειν D. 24.83, cf. SIG l.c.; μετὰ.. χρημάτων ζημίας Pl. Lg. 862d; ζ. ἐπέκειτο στατήρ Th. 3.70; ζημίαν ὀφείλειν τάλαντον Plu. Lys. 27; τῆς ζ. ἀφεθῆναι Id. Arist. 4.
2. generally, penalty, ζ. ἐπιτιθέναι τινί Hdt. 1.144; ζ. ἔπεστί τινι Id. 2.136; πρόσκειταί τινι X. Vect. 4.21; γλώσσῃ ζ. προστρίβεται A. Pr. 331, cf. 384; with the penalty added, θάνατον ζ. ἐπιθέσθαι, προθεῖναι, τάξαι, to make death the penalty, Th. 2.24, 3.44, D. 20.135; θάνατος ἡ ζ. ἐπίκειται Hdt. 2.38, cf. 65; but ἐφ' οἷς.. θάνατος ἡ ζ. Pl. Prt. 325b: in pl., θανάτου ζημίαι πρόκεινται Th. 3.45 (v.l.): c. gen. criminis, ζ. ἀδικίας penalty for.., Pl. Tht. 176d, cf. Lg. 860e (pl.). simply, expense, SIG 717.81 (ii/i B.C.), PLond. 5.1660.10, 1674.23 (pl., vi A.D.).
III of what is bought too dearly, a bad bargain, a dead loss, X. Mem. 2.3.2: usu. with Adj., φανερὰ ζᾱμία Ar. Ach. 737; καθαρὰ ζ., λαμπρὰ ζ., Alciphr. 3.21, 38, cf. Alex. 56.6.
ζημία, ζημίας, ἡ, damage, loss (Sophocles, Herodotus down): Acts 27:10, 21; ἡγεῖσθαι ζημίαν (Xenophon, mem. 2, 4, 3; τινα, accusative of person, 2, 3, 2), τί, to regard a thing as a loss: Philippians 3:7 (opposed to κέρδος), 8.
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For ζημία = ";loss"; as in all its NT occurrences (Acts 27:10; Acts 27:21, Philippians 3:7-8), cf. BGU I. 2.14 (A.D. 209) as ὡς ἐκ τούτου οὐκ ὀλίγη μοι ζημία ἐπηκολούθησεν, ib. 146.10 (ii/iii A.D.) καὶ οὐχ [ὀ ]λ [ί ]γην ζη [μ ]είαν μοι ἐζημιωσάμην, where note the not very common cognate acc. In Chrest. I. 176.18 (mid. i/A.D.) the lessee of a vineyard petitions that as he has spent so much on repairs he is entitled to abatement in rent—ἀξιῶ οὐκέτι εὐ [τον ]ῶν ὑπομέν [ειν ] τὰς ζημίας ἐπαναγκάσαι τοὺς πρ [ο ]εστῶτας ἀπαρενόχλητόν με ποιῆσαι ὑπὲρ τ [ῶ ]ν φόρων, and in P Flor II. 142.8 (iii/A.D.) where 2 asses are to be sold at such a price—ὥστε μήτε τὸν πιπράσκοντα ζημιοῦσθαι μήτε ἡμᾶς ζημίαν πλείονα ὑπομένειν τῆς τιμῆς. Cf. Syll 418.86 (A.D. 238) μεγίστην ζημίαν (";soloece pro dativo,"; Dittenberger) τὸ ταμεῖον περιβληθήσεται, OGIS 484.29 (ii/A.D.) συνέβαινεν δὲ πᾶσιν αἰσθητὴν γείνεσθαι τοῖς ὠνουμένοις τὴν ἄδικον τῶν πιπρασκόντων ζημίαν. The word is united with αἰτία in BGU IV. 1118.22 (B.C. 22) αἰτίαις καὶ ζημίαις, and ib. 1185i. 9 (c. B.C. 30) : cf. P Tebt II. 420 .4 (iii/A.D.) οἴδατε ὅτι ἀπὸ ζημίας ἠμί, ";you know that I am blameless"; (Edd.). For the meaning ";penalty,"; ";fine,"; cf. P Hal I. 1.195 (iii/B.C.) διπλασί [αν ] τὴν ζημίαν ἀποτεισάτω τῆς γεγραμμένης, P Tebt I. 105.37 (B.C. 103) ἀνυπεύθυνοι ἔστωσαν παντὸς ἐπι [τί ]μου καὶ πάσης ζημίας, ";shall be liable to no fine or penalty of any kind"; (Edd.) : cf. from the inscrr. OGIS 218.106 (iii/B.C.) ἔνοχον εἶναι τῆι α [ὐτ ]ῆι ζημίαι, 483.6 (ii/B.C.) οἱ μὲν ] στρατηγοὶ ζημιώσαντες αὐτοὺς [τῆι ] ἐκ τοῦ νόμου ζημίαι παραδότωσαν τῶι πράκτορι πράσσειν, .19 καὶ ἐκτὸς ἀποτεινέτωσαν ζημία (ν) δραχμὰς ἑκατόν. An interesting use of the word is found in the Gnostic fragment P Oxy I. 4.6 (early iv/A.D.) οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἦν ὁ θάνατος τῷ θ (ε)ῷ ἢ ζημία ὅπερ ἀδύνατον, which Harnack (Chron. ii. p. 181) renders, ";so wäre der Tod nichts anderes für Gott als Strafe, was unmöglich ist,"; adding in a note that the meaning may be, ";Wäre Gott der, welcher den Tod verhängt, so wäre er ein strafender Gott, was unmöglich ist.";
The subst. ζημίωμα is found in P Flor II. 150.7 (A.D. 267) οὐχ ὀλίγον ζημίωμα εἰς τοῦτο γειν [ό ]μενον ἡμῖν, BGU II. 419.13 (A.D. 276–7) τὰ περιγινόμενα λήμματα καὶ ζημίωμα [π ]ρὸς σὲ ἤτω.
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