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Strong's #2078 - ἔσχατος
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- extreme
- last in time or in place
- last in a series of places
- last in a temporal succession
- the last
- last, referring to time
- of space, the uttermost part, the end, of the earth
- of rank, grade of worth, last i.e. lowest
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- Word
- Parsing
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this Strong's Number
ἔσχᾰτος, η, ον,
also ος, ον Arat. 625 (prob. fr. ἐκ, ἐξ, perh. eĝhz κατος (cf. ἐχθός) like ἔγ-κατα):
I
1. of Space, as always in Hom., farthest, uttermost, extreme, θάλαμος ἔ. the hindmost chamber, Od. 21.9; ἔσχατοι ἄλλων at the end of the lines, Il. 10.434, cf. 8.225; ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, Od. 1.23; οἰκέομεν..ἔσχατοι 6.205; ἐσχάτη τῶν οἰκεομένων ἡ Ἰνδική Hdt. 3.106, cf. Th. 2.96, etc.; τὸ ἔ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς X. HG 3.3.5; ὑπ'..ἐσχάτην στήλην S. El. 720; τάξις ἐ. the farthest part of the army, Id. Aj. 4: pl., ἔσχατα γαίης Hes. Th. 731; τὰ ἔ. τῶν στρατοπέδων Th. 4.96; ἐπ' ἔσχατα χθονός S. Fr. 956; αἱ ἐπ' ἔσχατα τοῦ ἄστεως οἰκίαι Th. 8.95; ἐξ ἐσχάτων ἐς ἔσχατα ἀπικέσθαι from end to end, Hdt. 7.100, cf. X. Vect. 1.6; παρ' ἔσχατα λίμνης Pl. Phd. 113b, cf. Th. 3.106: — in various senses, uppermost, ἐ. πυρά S. El. 900; lowest, deepest, ἀΐδας Theoc. 16.52; ἅλς AP 13.27 (Phal.); innermost, σάρκες S. Tr. 1053; last, hindmost, ἤλαυνε δ' ἔ. Id. El. 734; ἐπ' ἐσχάτῳ at the close of a document, PTeb. 68.54 (ii B.C.), etc.
2. of Degree, uttermost, highest, τὸ ἔ. κορυφοῦται βασιλεῦσι Pi. O. 1.113; ἀνορέαι ἔ. Id. I. 4(3).11; σοφία Lib. Or. 59.88; of misfortunes, sufferings, etc., utmost, last, worst, πόνος, ἀδικία, κίνδυνοι, Pl. Phdr. 247b, R. 361a, Grg. 511d; ὀδύναι αἱ ἔ. Id. Prt. 354b; δῆμος ἔ. extreme democracy, Arist. Pol. 1296a2. Subst., τὸ ἔ., τὰ ἔ., the utmost, ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ ἀπιγμένοι Hdt. 8.52; τετρῦσθαι ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ Id. 1.22; without Art., ἐπ' ἔσχατα βαίνεις S. OC 217 (lyr.); προβᾶσ' ἐπ' ἔσχατον θράσους Id. Ant. 853 (lyr.); ἐπ' ἔ. ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας Pl. Phdr. 240d, cf. R. 361d, etc.; ὃ πάντων κακῶν ἔσχατόν ἐστι, τοῦτο πάσχει Id. Phd. 83c; οἱ τὰ ἔ. πεποιηκότες X. Cyr. 8.8.2; ζημιοῦσθαι πᾶσι τοῖς ἐ., Lat. extremis suppliciis, Pl. Plt. 297e; ἔσχατ' ἐσχάτων κακά worst of possible evils, S. Ph. 65, cf. Philem. 178; εἰς τὰ ἔ. ἐληλυθώς UPZ 60.12 (ii B.C.): Comp. οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ ἐσχάτου -ώτερον εἴη ἄν τι Arist. Metaph. 1055a20: Sup. -ώτατος f.l. in X. HG 2.3.49, cf. Phryn. 51; τὰ -ώτατα Phld. Hom. p.320.
3. of Persons, lowest, meanest, D.S. 8.18, D.C. 42.5, Alciphr. 3.43: prov., οὐδείς, οὐδ' ὁ Μυσῶν ἔ., i.e. the meanest of mankind, Magnes 5, cf. Philem. 77; in Pl. Tht. 209b it seems to mean the remotest of mankind, cf. πρὸς ἐσχάτην Μυσῶν v.l. in App.Prov. 2.85 (παρὰ τοῖς ἐ. τῆς Μυσίας Apostol. 8.1); similarly οὐδὲ τὸν ἔσχατον Καρῶν Plu. 2.871b.
4. of Time, last, ἐς τὸ ἔ. to the end, Hdt. 7.107, Th. 3.46; ἔ. πλόος, ναυτιλίαι, the end of it, Pi. P. 10.28, N. 3.22; ἐσχάτας ὑπὲρ ῥίζας over the last scion of the race, S. Ant. 599 (lyr.); ἔ. Ἑλλήνων, Ῥωμαίων, Plu. Ph 1, Brut. 44: neut. ἔσχατον, as Adv., for the last time, S. OC 1550; finally, best of all, 1 Corinthians 15:8; at the latest, ἔ. ἐν τρισὶ μησίν SIG 1219.11 (Gambreion, iii B. C.), cf. Inscr.Prien. 4.45 (iv B. C.); εἰς τὴν ἐσχάτην at the last, LXX Ecclesiastes 1:11; ἐπ' ἐσχάτῳ ib. 2 Ki. 24.25, al.: Subst. ἐσχάτη, ἡ, end, οὐχ ἕξεις ἐ. καλήν Astramps. Orac. 21.4, cf. 40.3.
5. in the Logic of Arist., τὰ ἔ. are the last or lowest species, Metaph. 1059b26, or individuals, ib.998b16, cf. AP 0.96b12, al.; τὸ ἔ. ἄτομον Metaph. 1058b10. ὁ ἔ. ὅρος the minor term of a syllogism, EN 1147b14. last step in geom. analysis or ultimate condition of action, τὸ ἔ. ἀρχὴ τῆς πράξεως de An. 433a16.
II
1. Adv. -τως to the uttermost, exceedingly, πῦρ ἐ. καίει Hp. de Arte 8; ἐ. διαμάχεσθαι Arist. HA 613a11; ἐ. φιλοπόλεμος X. An. 2.6.1; φοβοῦμαί σ' ἐ. Men. 912, cf. Epicur. Ephesians 1 p.31U. -τως διακεῖσθαι to be at the last extremity, Plb. 1.24.2, D.S. 18.48; ἔχειν Mark 5:23; ἀπορεῖν Phld. Oec. p.72J.
2. so ἐς τὸ ἔ., = ἐσχάτως, Hdt. 7.229; εἰς τὰ ἔ. X. HG 5.4.33; εἰς τὰ ἔ. μάλα Id. Lac. 1.2; τὸ ἔ. finally, in the end, Pl. Grg. 473c; but, τὸ ἔ. what is worst of all, ib. 508d.
ἔσχατος, ἐσχάτῃ, ἔσχατον (from ἔχω, ἔσχον adhering, clinging close; (according to others (Curtius, § 583 b.) superlative from ἐξ, the outermost)), the Sept. for אַחֲרון, אַחֲרִית; (from Homer down); extreme, last in time or in place;
1. joined to nouns: τόπος, the last in a series of places (A. V. lowest), Luke 14:9f; in a temporal succession, the last: ἔσχατος ἐχθρός, that remains after the rest have been conquered, 1 Corinthians 15:26; κοδράντης, that remains when the rest have one after another been spent, Matthew 5:26; so λεπτόν, Luke 12:59; ἡ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγξ, the trumpet after which no other will sound, 1 Corinthians 15:52, cf. Meyer ad loc.; αἱ ἔσχαται πληγαί, Revelation 15:1; Revelation 21:9; ἡ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρα τῆς ἑορτῆς, John 7:37. When two are contrasted it is equivalent to the latter, opposed to ὁ πρῶτος the former (Deuteronomy 24:1-4): thus τά ἔργα (opposed to τῶν πρώτων), Revelation 2:19; ἡ πλάνη, Matthew 27:64 (where the meaning is, 'lest the latter deception, caused by the false story of his resurrection, do more harm than the former, which was about to produce belief in a false Messiah'); ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ, the latter Adam, i. e. the Messiah (see Ἀδάμ, 1), 1 Corinthians 15:45. ἡ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρα, the last day (of all days), denotes that with which the present age (הַזֶּה הָעולָם, see αἰών, 3) which precedes the times of the Messiah or the glorious return of Christ from heaven will be closed: John 6:39f, 44 (
2. ὁ, ἡ, τό ἔσχατον absolutely or with the genitive,
a. of time: οἱ ἔσχατοι, who had come to work last, Matthew 20:8, 12,(14); the meaning of the saying ἔσονται πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι καί ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι is not always the same: in Luke 13:30 it signifies, those who were last invited to enter the divine kingdom will be first to enter when the opportunity comes, i. e. they will be admitted forthwith, while others, and those too who were first among the invited, will be shut out then as coming too late; in Matthew 19:30; Matthew 20:16 it means, the same portion in the future kingdom of God will through his goodness be assigned to those invited last as to those invited first, although the latter may think they deserve something better; cf. Mark 10:31. ὁ πρῶτος καί ὁ ἔσχατος i. e. the eternal, Revelation 1:11 Rec.,
b. of space: τό ἔσχατον τῆς γῆς, the uttermost part, the end, of the earth, Acts 1:8; Acts 13:47.
c. of rank, grade of worth, last i. e. lowest: Mark 9:35; John 8:9 Rec.; 1 Corinthians 4:9.
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ἔσχατος , -η , -ον ,
[in LXX chiefly for H319 H314;]
last, utmost, extreme;
(a) of place: of the lowest or least honoured place, Luke 14:9-10; τ . ἔσχατον , c. gen. part., Acts 1:8; Acts 13:47;
(b) of time: Matthew 20:12; Matthew 20:14, Mark 12:6; Mark 12:22, opp. to πρῶτος , Matthew 20:8, 1 Corinthians 15:45, Revelation 2:19, al.; τὰ ἔ . καὶ T. πρῶτα , Matthew 12:45, Luke 11:26, 2 Peter 2:20; of the Eternal, ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔ ., Revelation 1:17; Revelation 2:8; Revelation 22:13; in phrases relating to the Messianic age and the consummation of the Kingdom of God: ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτου (-ων ) τ . ἡμερῶν , Hebrews 1:2, 2 Peter 3:3; τ . χρόνων , 1 Peter 1:20; ἔ . ὥρα , 1 John 2:18; ἐπ᾿ ἐ . χόνου , Judges 1:18; ἐν ἐ . ἡμέραις , Acts 2:17, James 5:3, 2 Timothy 3:1; neut., ἔσχατον , as adv., Mark 12:22, 1 Corinthians 15:8;
(c) of rank: Mark 9:35, 1 Corinthians 4:9.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For ἔ. with reference to time cf. P Oxy II. 280.14 (A.D. 88–9) ἐν δὲ τῷ ἐσχάτῳ ἐνιαυτῷ, P Tebt II. 375.20 (A.D. 140) τῷ δὲ πέμπτο (l.—τῷ) ἔτι (l. ἔτει) ὅ ἐστιν ἔσχατον ἔτος τῆς μισθώσεως. See also BGU IV. 1024iv. 13 (iv/v A.D.) τῆς ἐσχάτης ἐλπίδας (l.—ος) ἀποστε [ρ ]ῆσαι, and from the inscrr. Michel 326.2 (ii/B.C.) τῆς ἐσχάτης τοῦ βίου τε [λ ]ευτῆς. With τὰ ἔσχατα in Matthew 12:45 al., cf. P Vat A.12 (B.C. 168) (= Witkowski.2, p. 65) τοῦ παιδίου σου εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα ἐληλυθότος. Michel 394.34 (mid. i/B.C.) τῆς πόλ [ε ]ως ἐν τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ὑπαρχούσης κινδύνοις supports Hort’s rendering of ἐν καιρῷ ἐσχάτῳ in 1 Peter 1:5 ";in a season of extremity,"; ";when things are at their worst,"; for which he adduces various classical exx. For the adverbial ἔσχατον, as in 1 Corinthians 15:8, see P Oxy VI. 886.21 (iii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 112) τὸ δὲ ὑπολιπό [μ ]ενον ἔσχατον ἀνάγνωτι (l.—θι), Syll 879.11 (end of iii/B.C.) ἐπιτελεῖν δὲ τὰ νόμιμα τοῖς ἀποιχομένοις ἔσχατον ἐν τρισὶ μησίν.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
