Verse-by-Verse Bible Commentary
1 Chronicles 11:30

Bridgeway Bible Commentary

David made king (11:1-12:40)

It seems clear that the writer of Chronicles assumes that his readers have already read the books of Samuel and Kings. (In this commentary also it is assumed that the reader has read these books. For further details see notes and maps at the relevant places in Samuel and Kings, and the appendix at the end of Chronicles.)

In view of his readers’ assumed knowledge, the Chronicler makes no attempt to record events that have little to do with his central purpose. For example, he omits all reference to the attempt by Saul’s followers to continue the rule of Saul’s family (2 Samuel 1:1-12). Instead he passes straight on to the establishment of David in Jerusalem as king over all Israel (11:1-9; see notes on 2 Samuel 5:1-10), and the important part that David’s mighty men played in establishing and maintaining his kingdom (10-47; see notes on 2 Samuel 23:8-39).

Others who gladly gave themselves to David to fight for him are also mentioned: the Benjaminites who joined him at Ziklag when he was fleeing from Saul (12:1-7; see notes on 1 Samuel 27:1-7); the fearless soldiers from Gad, Benjamin and Judah who had previously joined him at his stronghold in Adullum (8-18; see notes on 1 Samuel 22:1-23); and the Israelite military commanders from Manasseh who deserted to him at the time of the Philistines’ last battle with Saul (19-22; see notes on 1 Samuel 29:1-25). Finally, the writer records how all the tribes of Israel sent a representative force of troops to Hebron to present themselves to David, their new king (23-40; see notes on 2 Samuel 5:1-5).

Coffman's Commentaries on the Bible

"Also the mighty men of the armies: Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem, Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite, Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbomite, the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur, Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite, Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai, Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibbar the son of Hagri, Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armorbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah, Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai, Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a chief of the Reubenites, and thirty with him, Hanan the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite, Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jeiel the sons of Hotham the Aroerite, Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite, Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite, Eliel and Obed, and Jaasiel the Mezobaite."

The parallel of these verses (1 Chronicles 11:10-47) is in 2 Samuel 23:8-35; and the variations are of no practical concern whatever. Our comments there will not be repeated here.

In the group of men called "The Thirty," there were most certainly casualties from time to time; and as men died, others were named in their places; thus there were possibly many lists of "The Thirty," that conformed, of course, to the particular date of any particular list.

"And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three" "The three" of which Abishai was chief may have been those three mentioned in the preceding paragraph who brought the water from the well of Bethlehem. However, Myers suggested that, "Abishai may have taken the place of Asahel after he was slain by Abner."The Anchor Bible, Chronicles, p. 89.

The main list of David's Mighty Men actually ends with Uriah the Hittite (1 Chronicles 11:41 a). There are thirty-one names, compared with exactly thirty in 2 Samuel 23:24-39. "There are some variations in names and spelling."Ibid., p. 90. The same scholar spoke of both lists as "undoubtedly genuine."Ibid., p. 88.

Beginning with 1 Chronicles 11:41 b, sixteen other names are listed. These could have been others associated at one time or another with the "thirty"; or the Chronicler may have added them to emphasize the representatives of trans-Jordan who aided the cause of David. There are many such questions which shall remain unanswered.

"The variations between the parallel accounts of this chapter in Chronicles with that in 2 Samuel are few and unimportant."International Critical Commentary, Chronicles, p. 188.

The intention of the Chronicler to emphasize David's commendable qualities and to ignore or downplay his terrible sins appears in the fact of his including the episode in 1 Chronicles 11:15-19 and omitting altogether any mention of his adultery with Bathsheba and his murder of eighteen men along with Uriah the Hittite in a vain effort to hide it.

Further comment on this interesting chapter is given in my commentary on 2 Samuel.

Smith's Bible Commentary

Chapter 11

David became the king, and so in chapter eleven,

All of Israel gathered themselves to David in Hebron ( 1 Chronicles 11:1 ),

And it tells the numbers of people that gathered. Huge force of people from all of the tribes gathered to David. Hundreds of thousands actually gathered down in Hebron, and the mighty men, men of war and so forth. Now they said to David,

Behold, we are your bone and flesh. And moreover in times past, even when Saul was king, you were the one that led us out and brought us in: and the LORD thy God said unto thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be ruler over my people ( 1 Chronicles 11:1-2 ).

Now the twofold commission of God to David. Number one: you shall feed my people. And, you shall be ruler over them. David was called a man after God's own heart. Because David had the heart of a shepherd. And would to God that every leader over the people had the heart of a shepherd. He was a shepherd made king. But coming from that background he made an ideal king. Because his interest was always in the sheep. And of course, the primary need of the sheep is to be fed.

Now in the New Testament that thought is carried over as Jesus said to Peter, "Do you love me?" "Yes." "Feed my sheep" ( John 21:16 ). Later, Peter wrote, "Feed the flock of God which is among you" ( 1 Peter 5:2 ). Jeremiah, the Lord said, "And in that day I will give them pastors who will feed them in the knowledge of God" ( Jeremiah 3:15 ). And so the command to David to feed the sheep as you rule over the people.

And how important it is for a pastor today to teach the people the knowledge of God. To feed the sheep.

Therefore the elders came to Hebron; made a covenant with David before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD by Samuel ( 1 Chronicles 11:3 ).

Now they did it again. He had already been anointed earlier.

And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem; and the inhabitants, [the Jebusites who were in Jerusalem] said, You can't come in here ( 1 Chronicles 11:4-5 ).

And David said, "You just think I can't."

And he took the castle of Zion, and he said, Whosoever smites the Jebusites first shall be the chief and the captain over the men. So Joab [his nephew] went up first, and he became the chief. And David dwelt in the castle; and they began to call [then Jerusalem the south slopes] the city of David. And David waxed greater and greater: for the LORD of hosts was with him ( 1 Chronicles 11:5-7 , 1 Chronicles 11:9 ).

The secret behind David's greatness: the Lord of hosts was with him.

Now we get a list of some of David's mighty men, and it's interesting this first one that is listed is Jashobeam, verse eleven, and he was the chief of the captains. Now in the other records, nothing is spoken in Kings of this guy Jashobeam, and yet, he was a pretty powerful guy, because in one battle, he lifted up his spear against three hundred men whom he killed. I mean, three hundred to his credit in one battle. So he was not to be messed with.

Now, after him also one of the three mighties, of course, Joab was the first. And then Eleazar was the third. He was one of the three mighties.

And David was at Pasdammim, and the Philistines were gathered together in battle. And there was a parcel of ground that was full of barley; and all of the people fled from before the Philistines ( 1 Chronicles 11:13 ).

And David and this other fellow Eleazar stood in this field of barley while the Philistines attacked. And David and Eleazar defeated the Philistines.

The LORD saved them by a great deliverance ( 1 Chronicles 11:14 ).

David is a very interesting person. He has... really there's much in David to be admired and, of course, there's much to identify with because David was a man and he was subject to the same problems and temptations. And David wasn't a perfect man by any means. In fact, because of some of the things that he did, he was rejected from building the temple unto God though it was in his heart to do it. But yet, he was an admirable, and here the Philistines are attacking, everybody flees, and David and Eleazar stand the ground there in the barley field and wipe out the Philistine attackers.

And so then it lists some of the others of the great. David, it speaks of how that they were near the cave of Adullam, and the host of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

And David was with them there in this fortress, and the Philistines' garrison was then occupying Bethlehem. And David said, [Oh boy,] if I only had a drink of water from the well that's at the gate of Bethlehem! So three [of David's buddies] broke through the ranks of the Philistines, and got him a pitcher of water from the well there at Bethlehem, and they brought it back to David: and David [said, Oh, no, can't believe it. They] took the water and he poured it out [on the ground. He said, I can't drink this. You guys hazarded your lives. You shed blood for this water. I'll give it to God. I'll pour it out] to the Lord ( 1 Chronicles 11:16-19 ).

And so he poured the water out on the ground because he just felt unworthy to drink that water. He felt that those guys that were willing to hazard their lives for a thing like that better that they give it to the Lord. So he poured it out to the Lord, verse eighteen.

God forbid it me, that I should do this thing: shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? And for the jeopardy of their lives they brought it to me. Therefore he would not drink it. But these things did these three mightiest men. And Abishai who was the brother of Joab, he was the chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had his name among the three. So yet he was not he did not attain to the first three ( 1 Chronicles 11:19-21 ).

Benaiah, one of the second three along with Abishai had done many acts. He killed two lion like men of Moab. Now whatever that may be. Probably hairy guys with bushy hair and beards.

Also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day. And he slew an Egyptian, who was a giant, [seven and a half feet tall]; who had a spear that was like a weaver's beam; and he took and with his spear knocked the spear out of the [guy's] hand, and then he killed him ( 1 Chronicles 11:22-23 ).

And so he became one of the three, but not as mighty as the first three. And then the other thirty of the mighty men of David. He had thirty who were just really outstanding guys. And so their names come in for special mention. "

Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

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Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible

      10 These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, and with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.   11 And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, a Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time.   12 And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighties.   13 He was with David at Pas-dammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.   14 And they set themselves in the midst of that parcel, and delivered it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD saved them by a great deliverance.   15 Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.   16 And David was then in the hold, and the Philistines' garrison was then at Bethlehem.   17 And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, that is at the gate!   18 And the three brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: but David would not drink of it, but poured it out to the LORD,   19 And said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing: shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? for with the jeopardy of their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mightiest.   20 And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had a name among the three.   21 Of the three, he was more honourable than the two; for he was their captain: howbeit he attained not to the first three.   22 Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lionlike men of Moab: also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day.   23 And he slew an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high; and in the Egyptian's hand was a spear like a weaver's beam; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear.   24 These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among the three mighties.   25 Behold, he was honourable among the thirty, but attained not to the first three: and David set him over his guard.   26 Also the valiant men of the armies were, Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,   27 Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,   28 Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Antothite,   29 Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,   30 Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite,   31 Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah, that pertained to the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,   32 Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,   33 Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,   34 The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite,   35 Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,   36 Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,   37 Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,   38 Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Haggeri,   39 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah,   40 Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,   41 Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai,   42 Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a captain of the Reubenites, and thirty with him,   43 Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,   44 Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jehiel the sons of Hothan the Aroerite,   45 Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite,   46 Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite,   47 Eliel, and Obed, and Jasiel the Mesobaite.

      We have here an account of David's worthies, the great men of his time that served him and were preferred by him. The first edition of this catalogue we had, 2 Samuel 23:8-39, c. This is much the same, only that those named here from 1 Chronicles 11:41-47; 1 Chronicles 11:41-47 to the end are added. Observe,

      I. The connexion of this catalogue with that which is said concerning David, 1 Chronicles 11:9; 1 Chronicles 11:9. 1. David waxed greater and greater, and these were his mighty men. Much of the strength and honour of great men is borrowed from their servants and depends upon them, which cannot but somewhat diminish pomp and power in the opinion of those that are wise. David is great because he has great men about him; take these away, and he is where he was. 2. The Lord of hosts was with him, and these were the mighty men which he had. God was with him and wrought for him, but by men and means and the use of second causes. By this it appeared that God was with him, that he inclined the hearts of those to come over to him that were able to serve his interest. As, if God be for us none can be against us, so, if God be for us, all shall be for us that we have occasion for. Yet David ascribed his success and increase, not to the hosts he had, but to the Lord of hosts, not to the mighty men that were with him, but to the mighty God whose presence with us is all in all.

      II. The title of this catalogue (1 Chronicles 11:10; 1 Chronicles 11:10): These are the men who strengthened themselves with him. In strengthening him they strengthened themselves and their own interest; for his advancement was theirs. What we do in our places for the support of the kingdom of the Son of David we shall be gainers by. In strengthening it we strengthen ourselves. It may be read, They held strongly with him and with all Israel. Note, When God has work to do he will not want fit instruments to do it with. If it be work that requires mighty men, mighty men shall either be found or made to effect it, according to the word of the Lord.

      III. That which made all these men honourable was the good service that they did to their king and country; they helped to make David king (1 Chronicles 11:10; 1 Chronicles 11:10)-- a good work. They slew the Philistines, and other public enemies, and were instrumental to save Israel. Note, The way to be great is to do good. Nor did they gain this honour without labour and the hazard of their lives. The honours of Christ's kingdom are prepared for those that fight the good fight of faith, that labour and suffer, and are willing to venture all, even life itself, for Christ and a good conscience. It is by a patient continuance in well-doing that we must seek for glory, and honour, and immortality; and those that are faithful to the Son of David shall find their names registered and enrolled much more to their honour than these are in the records of fame.

      IV. Among all the great exploits of David's mighty men, here is nothing great mentioned concerning David himself but his pouring out water before the Lord which he had longed for,1 Chronicles 11:18; 1 Chronicles 11:19. Four very honourable dispositions of David appeared in that action, which, for aught I know, made it as great as any of the achievements of those worthies. 1. Repentance for his own weakness. It is really an honour to a man, when he is made sensible that he has said or done any thing unadvisedly, to unsay it and undo it again by repentance, as it is a shame to a man when he has said or done amiss to stand to it. 2. Denial of his own appetite. He longed for the water of the well of Bethlehem; but, when he had it, he would not drink it, because he would not so far humour himself and gratify a foolish fancy. He that has such a rule as this over his own spirit is better than the mighty. It is an honour to a man to have the command of himself; but he that will command himself must sometimes cross himself. 3. Devotion towards God. That water which he thought too good, too precious, for his own drinking, he poured out to the Lord for a drink offering. If we have any thing better than another, let God be honoured with it, who is the best, and should have the best. 4. Tenderness of his servants. It put him into the greatest confusion imaginable to think that three brave men should hazard their lives to fetch water for him. In his account it turns the water into blood. It is the honour of great men not to be prodigal of the blood of those they employ, but, in all the commands they give them, to put their own souls into their souls' stead.

      V. In the wonderful achievements of these heroes the power of God must be acknowledged. How could one slay 300 and another the same number (1 Chronicles 11:11; 1 Chronicles 11:20), another two lion-like men (1 Chronicles 11:22; 1 Chronicles 11:22), and another an Egyptian giant (1 Chronicles 11:23; 1 Chronicles 11:23), if they had not had the extraordinary presence of God with them, according to that promise, Joshua 23:10, One man of you shall chase a thousand, for the Lord your God fighteth for you?

      VI. One of these worthies is said to be an Ammonite (1 Chronicles 11:39; 1 Chronicles 11:39), another a Moabite (1 Chronicles 11:46; 1 Chronicles 11:46), and yet the law was that an Ammonite and a Moabite should not enter into the congregation of the Lord,Deuteronomy 23:3. These, it is likely, had approved themselves so hearty for the interest of Israel that in their case it was thought fit to dispense with that law, and the rather because it was an indication that the Son of David would have worthies among the Gentiles: with him there is neither Greek nor Jew.