Bible Commentaries
Exodus 14

Introduction

Overview

Exodus 14:1, God instructs the Israelites in their journey; Exodus 14:5, Pharaoh pursues after them; Exodus 14:10, The Israelites murmur; Exodus 14:13, Moses comforts them; Exodus 14:15, God instructs Moses; Exodus 14:19, The cloud removes behind the camp; Exodus 14:21, The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians.

Verse 1

the Lord spake: Exodus 12:1, Exodus 13:1

Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 6:22 - showed Joshua 24:6 - Egyptians Nehemiah 9:10 - showedst Psalms 78:13 - He divided Jeremiah 2:6 - brought us up Jeremiah 21:2 - according Ezekiel 20:6 - to bring Daniel 9:15 - that hast

Verse 2

that they: Exodus 14:9, Exodus 13:17, Exodus 13:18, Numbers 33:7, Numbers 33:8

Pi-hahiroth: Pi̇hachiroth, "the mouth of Chiroth," as it is rendered by the LXX. Dr. Shaw is of opinion, that Chiroth denotes the valley which extends from the wilderness of Etham to the Red Sea. "This valley," he observes, "ends at the sea in a small bay made by the eastern extremities of the mountains (of Gewoubee and Attackah, between which the valley lies) which I have been describing, and is called Tiah-Beni-Israel, i.e., the road of the Israelites, by a tradition that is still kept up by the Arabs, of their having passed through it; so it is also called Baideah, from the new and unheard of miracle that was wrought near it, by dividing the Red sea, and destroying therein Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen."

Migdol: The word Migdol signifies a tower, and hence some have supposed that it was a fortress which served to defend the bay. But the LXX render it בדהשכןע, Magdolus, which is mentioned by Herodotus, Hecateus, and others, and is expressly said by Stephanus (de Urb.) to be נןכיע ידץנפןם, "a city of Egypt." This Bochart conjectures to have been the same as Migdol - see the parallel passages. Jeremiah 44:1, Jeremiah 46:14, Ezekiel 29:10, Heb

Baalzephon: This may have been the name of a town or city in which Baal was worshipped; and probably called zephon, from being situated on the north point of the Red sea, near the present Suez.

Reciprocal: 1 Corinthians 1:25 - the foolishness

Verse 3

Pharaoh: Exodus 7:3, Exodus 7:4, Deuteronomy 31:21, Psalms 139:2, Psalms 139:4, Ezekiel 38:10, Ezekiel 38:11, Ezekiel 38:17, Acts 4:28

They are entangled: Judges 16:2, 1 Samuel 23:7, 1 Samuel 23:23, Psalms 3:2, Psalms 71:11, Jeremiah 20:10, Jeremiah 20:11

Reciprocal: Joshua 8:6 - They flee Judges 15:14 - the Philistines 2 Chronicles 32:14 - your God Jeremiah 34:11 - General

Verse 4

harden: Exodus 14:8, Exodus 14:17, Exodus 4:21-31, Exodus 7:3, Exodus 7:13, Exodus 7:14, Romans 11:8

I will be: Exodus 14:18, Exodus 9:16, Exodus 15:10, Exodus 15:11, Exodus 15:14-16, Exodus 18:11, Nehemiah 9:10, Isaiah 2:11, Isaiah 2:12, Ezekiel 20:9, Ezekiel 28:22, Ezekiel 39:13, Daniel 4:30-37, Romans 9:17, Romans 9:22, Romans 9:23, Revelation 19:1-6

that the Egyptians: Exodus 7:5, Exodus 7:17

Reciprocal: Exodus 10:27 - General Leviticus 10:3 - I will be Judges 4:7 - And I Psalms 9:16 - known Isaiah 43:17 - bringeth Isaiah 64:2 - to make Jeremiah 16:21 - I will this Ezekiel 6:7 - and ye Ezekiel 32:15 - then Ezekiel 35:4 - and thou Ezekiel 38:16 - that the Ezekiel 39:21 - I will set Amos 4:10 - yet John 12:40 - hardened

Verse 5

and the heart: Exodus 12:33, Psalms 105:25

Why have we: Jeremiah 34:10-17, Luke 11:24-26, 2 Peter 2:20-22

Reciprocal: Genesis 31:22 - General Exodus 7:16 - Let my Exodus 8:8 - and I will Exodus 8:15 - saw Exodus 15:9 - destroy Judges 15:14 - the Philistines Proverbs 27:22 - General Ecclesiastes 8:9 - there is Habakkuk 3:14 - they Romans 3:7 - if the truth

Verse 6

people: Exodus 14:23, Numbers 21:23, Deuteronomy 2:32, Deuteronomy 3:1

Verse 7

Exodus 14:23, Exodus 15:4, Joshua 17:16-18, Judges 4:3, Judges 4:15, Psalms 20:7, Psalms 68:17, Isaiah 37:24

Reciprocal: Genesis 50:9 - chariots Judges 1:19 - chariots 2 Samuel 23:13 - three 1 Kings 20:1 - and horses

Verse 8

the Lord: Exodus 14:4

with an high hand: Exodus 6:1, Exodus 13:9, Exodus 13:16, Exodus 13:18, Numbers 33:3, Deuteronomy 26:8, Deuteronomy 32:27, Psalms 86:13, Acts 13:17

Reciprocal: Exodus 4:21 - I will harden Exodus 10:27 - General Exodus 14:17 - I will Exodus 18:11 - in the thing Isaiah 52:12 - ye shall Jeremiah 31:2 - The people John 12:40 - hardened

Verse 9

the Egyptians: Exodus 15:9, Joshua 24:6

encamping: Exodus 14:2

Reciprocal: Numbers 33:7 - they removed 1 Chronicles 19:7 - hired Isaiah 10:24 - after the manner

Verse 10

sore afraid: Psalms 53:5, Isaiah 7:2, Isaiah 8:12, Isaiah 8:13, Isaiah 51:12, Isaiah 51:13, Matthew 8:26, Matthew 14:30, Matthew 14:31, 1 John 4:18

cried out: Joshua 24:7, 2 Chronicles 18:31, Nehemiah 9:9, Psalms 34:17, Psalms 106:44, Psalms 107:6, Psalms 107:13, Psalms 107:19, Psalms 107:28, Isaiah 26:16, Jeremiah 22:23, Matthew 8:25

Reciprocal: Genesis 32:7 - greatly Exodus 15:25 - cried Numbers 20:16 - we cried 1 Samuel 7:7 - afraid 1 Samuel 13:6 - in a strait 1 Kings 22:32 - Jehoshaphat 2 Chronicles 13:14 - looked back 2 Chronicles 14:11 - cried unto Psalms 9:16 - known Psalms 81:7 - calledst Hebrews 11:27 - not fearing

Verse 11

Because: Exodus 15:23, Exodus 15:24, Exodus 16:2, Exodus 16:3, Exodus 17:2, Exodus 17:3, Numbers 11:1, Numbers 14:1-4, Numbers 16:41, Psalms 106:7, Psalms 106:8

wherefore: Exodus 5:22, Genesis 43:6, Numbers 11:15

Reciprocal: Exodus 13:17 - the people repent Exodus 32:1 - the man Exodus 32:22 - knowest Numbers 20:4 - that we Numbers 21:5 - spake Deuteronomy 9:7 - from the day Joshua 7:7 - to deliver 1 Samuel 8:8 - General Acts 7:39 - and in

Verse 12

Is not this: Exodus 5:21, Exodus 3:9

Let us alone: Hosea 4:17, Mark 1:24, Mark 5:7, Mark 5:17, Mark 5:18

For it had: Jonah 4:3, Jonah 4:8

Reciprocal: Exodus 6:9 - hearkened Exodus 13:17 - the people repent Exodus 17:2 - the people Numbers 20:4 - that we Joshua 7:7 - to deliver 1 Samuel 8:8 - General 1 Samuel 27:1 - there is nothing 2 Samuel 14:32 - it had been Psalms 78:42 - the day Psalms 106:7 - but Acts 7:39 - and in

Verse 13

Fear ye not: Numbers 14:9, Deuteronomy 20:3, 2 Kings 6:16, 2 Chronicles 20:15, 2 Chronicles 20:17, Psalms 27:1, Psalms 27:2, Psalms 46:1-3, Isaiah 26:3, Isaiah 30:15, Isaiah 35:4, Isaiah 41:10-14, Matthew 28:5

see the: Exodus 14:30, Exodus 15:1-27, Genesis 49:18, 1 Chronicles 11:14, Psalms 3:8, Isaiah 43:11, Jeremiah 3:23, Lamentations 3:26, Hosea 13:4, Hosea 13:9, Habakkuk 3:8, Habakkuk 3:13

for the Egyptians whom ye have seen to day: or, for whereas ye have seen the Egyptians to-day, etc

ye shall see: Exodus 14:30, Exodus 15:4, Exodus 15:5, Exodus 15:10, Exodus 15:19, Exodus 15:21, Nehemiah 9:9

Reciprocal: Genesis 15:1 - Fear Genesis 21:17 - fear Exodus 6:1 - Now shalt Exodus 14:28 - remained Numbers 9:8 - Stand Deuteronomy 17:16 - Ye shall henceforth Joshua 3:8 - ye shall stand Judges 7:21 - stood 1 Samuel 11:13 - the Lord 1 Samuel 12:16 - stand 1 Samuel 19:5 - wrought 1 Kings 17:13 - Fear not 2 Kings 7:1 - To morrow 2 Kings 19:6 - Be not afraid Job 37:14 - stand Psalms 9:6 - destructions Psalms 22:4 - General Psalms 106:11 - General Isaiah 7:4 - Take heed Isaiah 30:7 - Their Isaiah 33:19 - shalt not Isaiah 37:6 - Be not Isaiah 51:13 - where is Hebrews 11:29 - General Revelation 1:17 - Fear not

Verse 14

the Lord: Exodus 14:25, Exodus 15:3, Deuteronomy 1:30, Deuteronomy 3:22, Deuteronomy 20:4, Joshua 10:10, Joshua 10:14, Joshua 10:42, Joshua 23:3, Joshua 23:10, Judges 5:20, 2 Chronicles 20:17, 2 Chronicles 20:29, Nehemiah 4:20, Isaiah 31:4, Isaiah 31:5

hold: Psalms 50:3, Psalms 83:1, Isaiah 30:15

Reciprocal: Judges 2:1 - I made Judges 7:21 - stood 1 Chronicles 5:22 - the war was of God 2 Chronicles 20:15 - Be not afraid Psalms 22:4 - General Isaiah 7:4 - Take heed Habakkuk 3:13 - wentest

Verse 15

Exodus 17:4, Joshua 7:10, Ezra 10:4, Ezra 10:5, Nehemiah 9:9

Reciprocal: Exodus 12:3 - Speak ye 2 Kings 20:11 - cried unto Psalms 68:11 - Lord Psalms 78:53 - so that Psalms 99:6 - they called

Verse 16

lift: Exodus 14:21, Exodus 14:26, Exodus 4:2, Exodus 4:17, Exodus 4:20, Exodus 7:9, Exodus 7:19

the sea: This sea was what is called in Scripture yam suph, "the sea of weeds;" so called, according to Mr. Bruce, from the vast quantity of coral which grows in it. In the LXX it is called טבכבףףב וסץטסב, and by the Latins Rubrum mare, and we from them the Red Sea; so called it is supposed, from Edom (red) or Esau, whose territories extend to its coasts. It separates Arabia from Egypt and Ethiopia, and is computed to be 150 leagues in length from Suez to the straits of Babelmandel. The upper part is divided into two gulfs, that to the East called the Elanitic, from the city Elana at the northern extremity, and that to the west, the Heroopolitic, from the city of Heroopolis. The former is called by the Arabians Bahr el Akaba, the sea of Akaba; and the latter Bahr el Kolzum, the sea of destruction, or Clysmז; which was that which the Israelites passed.

and the: Exodus 14:21, Exodus 14:22

Reciprocal: Numbers 20:8 - the rod Deuteronomy 26:8 - the Lord 2 Kings 4:29 - lay my staff Isaiah 43:16 - maketh Isaiah 63:12 - to make Mark 4:39 - he arose

Verse 17

Exodus 14:4

behold: Genesis 6:17, Genesis 9:9, Leviticus 26:28, Deuteronomy 32:39, Isaiah 48:15, Isaiah 51:12, Jeremiah 23:39, Ezekiel 5:8, Ezekiel 6:3, Ezekiel 34:11, Ezekiel 34:20, Hosea 5:14

I will: Exodus 14:8, Exodus 4:23, Exodus 7:3, Exodus 7:13, Exodus 7:14

and I will: Exodus 14:18

Reciprocal: Genesis 50:9 - chariots Exodus 9:16 - deed Exodus 10:1 - that I Exodus 14:23 - General Exodus 15:1 - for Numbers 18:6 - And I 1 Samuel 6:6 - the Egyptians Job 9:4 - who hath hardened Psalms 33:16 - no king Isaiah 6:10 - the heart Isaiah 63:12 - to make Ezekiel 20:10 - General Ezekiel 28:22 - I will Habakkuk 3:14 - the head Haggai 2:22 - and I will overthrow the chariots John 12:40 - hardened Romans 2:5 - But after Romans 9:17 - that

Verse 18

Exodus 14:4, Exodus 7:5, Exodus 7:17

Reciprocal: Exodus 6:2 - I am the Lord Exodus 10:1 - that I Exodus 14:17 - and I will Exodus 15:1 - for Exodus 18:11 - in the thing Numbers 23:22 - God 1 Kings 20:13 - and thou shalt Job 9:4 - who hath hardened Psalms 33:16 - no king Isaiah 33:10 - now will I be exalted Ezekiel 6:7 - and ye Ezekiel 29:6 - know Ezekiel 32:15 - then Ezekiel 33:29 - shall Daniel 9:15 - and hast Habakkuk 3:14 - the head Romans 9:17 - that

Verse 19

the angel: Exodus 14:24, Exodus 13:21, Exodus 23:20, Exodus 23:21, Exodus 32:34, Numbers 20:16, Isaiah 63:9

and the pillar: Exodus 13:21, Exodus 13:22

Reciprocal: Exodus 40:34 - a cloud Numbers 9:15 - the cloud Deuteronomy 1:33 - in fire Joshua 3:13 - the soles Judges 2:1 - And an angel 1 Chronicles 21:16 - saw the angel Nehemiah 9:12 - thou leddest Psalms 35:5 - and Psalms 77:20 - General Psalms 78:53 - so that Isaiah 4:5 - a cloud Isaiah 52:12 - for Isaiah 58:8 - the glory Luke 9:34 - there Acts 7:35 - by 1 Corinthians 10:1 - were

Verse 20

Psalms 18:11, Proverbs 4:18, Proverbs 4:19, Isaiah 8:14, 2 Corinthians 2:15, 2 Corinthians 2:16

Reciprocal: Exodus 10:23 - but all Exodus 14:24 - through Exodus 40:34 - a cloud Numbers 9:15 - the cloud Deuteronomy 1:33 - in fire Joshua 24:7 - he put 1 Chronicles 21:16 - saw the angel Nehemiah 9:12 - thou leddest Psalms 78:53 - so that Psalms 139:12 - the darkness Isaiah 4:5 - a cloud Isaiah 45:7 - create darkness Isaiah 52:12 - for Ezekiel 30:3 - a cloudy Amos 4:13 - that maketh Habakkuk 3:4 - brightness Luke 9:34 - there 1 Corinthians 10:1 - were

Verse 21

stretched: Exodus 14:16

the Lord: Exodus 15:8, Joshua 3:13-16, Joshua 4:23, Nehemiah 9:11, Job 26:12, Psalms 66:6, Psalms 74:13, Psalms 78:13, Psalms 106:7-10, Psalms 114:3-5, Psalms 136:13, Isaiah 51:10, Isaiah 51:15, Isaiah 63:12

Reciprocal: Genesis 8:1 - a wind Exodus 7:19 - stretch Exodus 10:13 - east wind Exodus 14:27 - and the sea Exodus 15:10 - blow Numbers 33:8 - departed Joshua 2:10 - For we 2 Samuel 22:16 - the channels 2 Kings 2:8 - were Psalms 77:16 - General Psalms 106:9 - He rebuked Psalms 148:8 - stormy Isaiah 10:24 - after the manner Isaiah 11:15 - with his mighty Isaiah 43:16 - maketh Isaiah 50:2 - I dry Jeremiah 31:35 - which divideth Jeremiah 51:16 - bringeth Jonah 1:4 - the Lord Habakkuk 3:8 - the Lord Zechariah 10:11 - smite Acts 7:36 - in the Red Acts 27:14 - not

Verse 22

the children: Exodus 14:29, Exodus 15:19, Numbers 33:8, Psalms 66:6, Psalms 78:13, Isaiah 63:13, 1 Corinthians 10:1, Hebrews 11:29

and the waters: This verse demonstrates that this event was wholly miraculous, and cannot be ascribed, as some have supposed, to an extraordinary ebb, which happened just then to be produced by a strong east wind: for this would not have caused the waters, contrary to every law of fluids, to stand as a wall on the right hand and the left.

a wall: Exodus 15:8, Habakkuk 3:8-10, Zechariah 2:5

Reciprocal: Exodus 14:16 - and the Exodus 14:27 - and the sea Joshua 3:17 - all the Israelites 1 Samuel 25:16 - a wall 2 Kings 2:8 - were Nehemiah 9:11 - divide Job 36:30 - and Psalms 68:22 - the depths Psalms 106:9 - He rebuked Psalms 136:13 - General Psalms 136:14 - pass through Isaiah 51:10 - dried Jeremiah 31:35 - which divideth Habakkuk 3:10 - the overflowing Zechariah 10:11 - smite Mark 4:39 - he arose 2 Corinthians 6:7 - on the right

Verse 23

Exodus 14:17, Exodus 15:9, Exodus 15:19, 1 Kings 22:20, Ecclesiastes 9:3, Isaiah 14:24-27

Reciprocal: Exodus 14:6 - people Exodus 14:7 - General Deuteronomy 11:4 - how he made 1 Samuel 6:6 - the Egyptians Proverbs 28:14 - but Isaiah 43:17 - bringeth

Verse 24

that in the: 1 Samuel 11:11

looked unto: Job 40:12, Psalms 18:13, Psalms 18:14, Psalms 77:16-19, Psalms 104:32

through: Exodus 14:19, Exodus 14:20

and troubled: Exodus 14:25, Job 22:13, Job 23:15, Job 23:16, Job 34:20, Job 34:29, Psalms 48:5

Reciprocal: Exodus 40:34 - a cloud Numbers 9:15 - the cloud Deuteronomy 1:33 - in fire Judges 7:19 - in the beginning 1 Kings 8:9 - when Psalms 46:5 - and that Psalms 78:14 - General Psalms 81:7 - secret Psalms 90:7 - are we Psalms 105:39 - spread Isaiah 4:5 - a cloud Ezekiel 30:3 - a cloudy Amos 5:8 - maketh Zechariah 9:14 - seen Mark 6:48 - the fourth Acts 7:35 - by

Verse 25

took off: Judges 4:15, Psalms 46:9, Psalms 76:6, Jeremiah 51:21

that they drave them heavily: or, and made them to go heavily

Let us flee: Job 11:20, Job 20:24, Job 27:22, Psalms 68:12, Amos 1:14, Amos 5:19, Amos 9:1

for the Lord: Exodus 14:14, Deuteronomy 3:22, 1 Samuel 4:7, 1 Samuel 4:8

Reciprocal: Exodus 14:24 - and troubled Deuteronomy 1:30 - he shall Deuteronomy 28:10 - and they shall Deuteronomy 32:31 - General Joshua 10:42 - because Judges 7:21 - all the host 2 Chronicles 14:12 - General 2 Chronicles 20:17 - not need Nehemiah 4:20 - our God Nehemiah 6:16 - for they perceived Psalms 35:1 - fight Psalms 48:5 - were Psalms 106:22 - terrible Isaiah 10:26 - his rod Zechariah 9:14 - seen Revelation 11:12 - and their

Verse 26

Stretch out: Exodus 14:16, Exodus 7:19, Exodus 8:5, Matthew 8:27

the waters: Exodus 1:22, Judges 1:6, Judges 1:7, Matthew 7:2, James 2:13, Revelation 16:6

Reciprocal: Joshua 4:18 - that the waters Isaiah 11:16 - like as it was

Verse 27

and the sea: Exodus 14:21, Exodus 14:22, Exodus 15:1-21, Joshua 4:18

Lord: Judges 5:20, Judges 5:21

overthrew: Heb. shook off

Reciprocal: Genesis 32:24 - breaking of the day Joshua 24:7 - brought Nehemiah 9:11 - divide Job 38:13 - the wicked Psalms 46:5 - and that Psalms 76:6 - both Psalms 78:53 - but Psalms 106:9 - He rebuked Psalms 106:11 - General Psalms 136:15 - But overthrew Isaiah 33:2 - be thou Zechariah 10:11 - smite Acts 7:36 - in the Red

Verse 28

the waters: Exodus 15:10, Deuteronomy 11:4, Nehemiah 9:11, Psalms 78:53, Habakkuk 3:8-10, Habakkuk 3:13, Hebrews 11:29

remained: Exodus 14:13, 2 Chronicles 20:24, Psalms 106:9-11, Psalms 136:15

Reciprocal: Genesis 7:18 - waters prevailed Genesis 7:23 - and Noah Genesis 50:9 - chariots Exodus 9:15 - cut off Exodus 15:5 - depths Exodus 15:19 - brought Joshua 24:7 - brought 1 Chronicles 14:11 - like the breaking Job 36:30 - and Psalms 33:16 - no king Psalms 74:13 - brakest Psalms 76:6 - both Psalms 77:19 - footsteps Psalms 106:11 - General Ecclesiastes 8:9 - there is Haggai 2:22 - and I will overthrow the chariots Zechariah 10:11 - smite Mark 4:39 - he arose

Verse 29

walked: Exodus 14:22, Job 38:8-11, Psalms 66:6, Psalms 66:7, Psalms 77:19, Psalms 77:20, Psalms 78:52, Psalms 78:53, Isaiah 43:2, Isaiah 51:10, Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 63:12, Isaiah 63:13

a wall: Joshua 3:16

Reciprocal: Exodus 15:19 - brought Joshua 3:17 - all the Israelites Joshua 4:22 - General Psalms 68:22 - the depths Psalms 119:52 - remembered Psalms 136:13 - General Isaiah 43:16 - maketh Isaiah 50:2 - I dry Mark 4:39 - he arose 1 Corinthians 10:1 - and all

Verse 30

the Lord: Exodus 14:13, 1 Samuel 14:23, 2 Chronicles 32:22, Psalms 106:8, Psalms 106:10, Isaiah 63:9, Jude 1:5

saw: Psalms 58:10, Psalms 59:10, Psalms 91:8, Psalms 92:9-11

Reciprocal: Judges 10:11 - Egyptians 1 Samuel 11:13 - the Lord 1 Samuel 12:8 - brought 2 Chronicles 20:24 - they were dead Job 34:26 - in Psalms 46:8 - desolations Psalms 74:14 - meat Psalms 78:42 - the day Psalms 81:7 - calledst Psalms 119:52 - remembered Isaiah 26:14 - dead Isaiah 63:11 - Where is he that brought Micah 6:4 - I brought Romans 3:7 - if the truth

Verse 31

work: Heb. hand

feared: 1 Samuel 12:18, Psalms 119:120

believed: Exodus 4:31, Exodus 19:9, 2 Chronicles 20:20, Psalms 106:12, Psalms 106:13, Luke 8:13, John 2:11, John 2:23-25, John 8:30-32, John 11:45, Acts 8:13

Reciprocal: Genesis 15:14 - that Exodus 3:19 - General Exodus 19:4 - seen Deuteronomy 7:18 - remember Joshua 4:14 - they feared him Joshua 4:24 - ye might Joshua 24:7 - your eyes 1 Samuel 12:8 - brought 1 Samuel 12:16 - stand 1 Kings 3:28 - feared 1 Chronicles 29:20 - worshipped Psalms 9:16 - known Psalms 22:4 - General Psalms 46:8 - desolations Psalms 78:42 - the day Psalms 81:7 - calledst Proverbs 24:21 - fear Jeremiah 2:2 - the kindness Micah 6:4 - I brought Acts 7:7 - the nation Acts 7:36 - after Acts 13:17 - and with 1 Corinthians 10:2 - General Hebrews 3:5 - as