Bible Commentaries
Exodus 10

Introduction

Overview

Exodus 10:1, God threatens to send locusts; Exodus 10:7, Pharaoh moved by his servants, inclines to let the Israelites go; Exodus 10:12, The plague of the locusts; Exodus 10:16, Pharaoh entreats Moses; Exodus 10:21, The plague of darkness; Exodus 10:24, Pharaoh again entreats Moses, but yet is hardened.

Verse 1

I have hardened: Exodus 4:21, Exodus 7:13, Exodus 7:14, Exodus 9:27, Exodus 9:34, Exodus 9:35, Psalms 7:11

that I: Exodus 3:20, Exodus 7:4, Exodus 9:16, Exodus 14:17, Exodus 14:18, Exodus 15:14, Exodus 15:15, Joshua 2:9, Joshua 2:10, Joshua 4:23, Joshua 4:24, 1 Samuel 4:8, Romans 9:17

Reciprocal: Exodus 10:27 - General Exodus 11:9 - Pharaoh Exodus 20:2 - brought Psalms 105:25 - He turned Joel 1:3 - General

Verse 2

And that: Exodus 13:8, Exodus 13:9, Exodus 13:14, Deuteronomy 4:9, Deuteronomy 6:20-22, Psalms 44:1, Psalms 71:18, Psalms 78:5, Psalms 78:6, Joel 1:3, Ephesians 6:4

that ye: Exodus 7:17, Psalms 58:11, Ezekiel 20:26, Ezekiel 20:28

Reciprocal: Joshua 24:18 - will we also Jeremiah 32:20 - hast set Romans 9:17 - that

Verse 3

How long: Exodus 9:17, Exodus 16:28, Numbers 14:27, 1 Kings 18:21, Proverbs 1:22, Proverbs 1:24, Jeremiah 13:10, Ezekiel 5:6, Hebrews 12:25

humble: 1 Kings 21:29, 2 Chronicles 7:14, 2 Chronicles 33:12, 2 Chronicles 33:19, 2 Chronicles 34:27, Job 42:6, Proverbs 18:12, Isaiah 1:5, Isaiah 2:11, Jeremiah 13:18, Romans 2:4, James 4:10, 1 Peter 5:6

Reciprocal: Exodus 3:18 - The Lord Exodus 7:16 - The Lord Exodus 10:7 - How long Exodus 18:11 - proudly Leviticus 26:41 - humbled Numbers 14:11 - How long will this 1 Samuel 6:6 - the Egyptians 2 Samuel 22:28 - but thine 2 Kings 22:19 - humbled 2 Chronicles 12:6 - humbled 2 Chronicles 30:11 - humbled themselves 2 Chronicles 36:12 - humbled Nehemiah 9:10 - they Nehemiah 9:29 - yet they Job 8:2 - How long Psalms 4:2 - how Psalms 62:3 - How Psalms 82:2 - How Psalms 119:21 - rebuked Proverbs 6:3 - go Jeremiah 38:21 - if thou Jeremiah 44:10 - are not Jeremiah 50:24 - because Jeremiah 50:29 - for she hath Daniel 5:22 - hast Amos 4:10 - yet Zephaniah 2:10 - and magnified Zechariah 7:11 - they refused Matthew 17:17 - how long shall I be Luke 9:41 - how Luke 15:15 - he went John 12:10 - General Acts 5:39 - to fight Acts 12:23 - because 2 Corinthians 11:22 - Hebrews James 4:6 - God

Verse 4

morrow: Exodus 8:10, Exodus 8:23, Exodus 9:5, Exodus 9:18, Exodus 11:4, Exodus 11:5

locusts: The word arbeh, Locust, is derived from ravah, to multiply, be numerous, etc., because they are more prolific than any other insect, and because of the immense swarms of them by which different countries, especially the East, are infested. The locust, in entomology, belongs to a genus of insects known among naturalists by the name of Grylli; which includes three species, crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. The common great brown locust is about three inches in length; has two antennae about an inch long, and two pair of wings. The head and horns are brown; the mouth and inside of the larger legs bluish; the upper side of the body and upper wings brown, the former spotted with black, and the latter with dusky spots. The back is defended by a shield of a greenish hue: the under wings are of a light brown, tinctured with green, and nearly transparent. It has a large open mouth, in the two jaws of which it has four teeth, which traverse each other like scissors, being calculated, from their mechanism, to gripe or cut. The general appearance of the insect is that of the grasshopper. The Egyptians had gods in whom they trusted to deliver them from these terrible invaders; but by this judgment they were taught that it was impossible to stand before Moses, the servant of Jehovah. Proverbs 30:27, Joel 1:4-7, Joel 2:2-11, Joel 2:25, Revelation 9:3

Reciprocal: Exodus 7:14 - he refuseth Exodus 9:2 - General Exodus 10:12 - eat every Leviticus 11:22 - General 2 Chronicles 7:13 - I command Jeremiah 38:21 - if thou James 4:6 - God

Verse 5

face: Heb. eye, Exodus 10:15

the residue: Exodus 9:32, Joel 1:4, Joel 2:25

Reciprocal: Exodus 10:12 - eat every Exodus 10:14 - very grievous Leviticus 11:22 - General Joel 2:3 - and behind

Verse 6

fill: Exodus 8:3, Exodus 8:21

which: Exodus 10:14, Exodus 10:15, Exodus 9:24, Exodus 11:6, Joel 2:2

And he: Exodus 10:11, Exodus 11:8, Hebrews 11:27

Reciprocal: Joel 2:9 - enter

Verse 7

How long: Exodus 10:3

snare: Exodus 23:33, Joshua 23:13, 1 Samuel 18:21, Proverbs 29:6, Ecclesiastes 7:26, 1 Corinthians 7:35

that Egypt: Psalms 107:34, Isaiah 14:20, Isaiah 51:9, Jeremiah 48:4, Jeremiah 51:8, Zephaniah 1:18

Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 4:34 - temptations 1 Samuel 5:7 - saw Job 8:2 - How long Psalms 46:8 - desolations Psalms 105:38 - glad Isaiah 43:3 - I gave

Verse 8

brought: Exodus 10:16, Exodus 10:24, Exodus 12:31

who: Heb. who, and who, etc

Reciprocal: Genesis 50:8 - only their Exodus 8:8 - and I will

Verse 9

We will go: Genesis 50:8, Deuteronomy 31:12, Deuteronomy 31:13, Joshua 24:15, Psalms 148:12, Psalms 148:13, Ecclesiastes 12:1, Ephesians 6:4

our flocks: Proverbs 3:9

a feast: Exodus 3:18, Exodus 5:1, Exodus 5:3, Exodus 8:25-28, Exodus 13:6, Numbers 29:12, 1 Corinthians 5:7, 1 Corinthians 5:8

Reciprocal: Exodus 10:24 - Go ye Exodus 12:31 - the children Exodus 32:5 - a feast Hosea 5:6 - go Mark 10:13 - disciples

Verse 10

be so: Exodus 12:30, Exodus 12:31, Exodus 13:21

look to it: 2 Chronicles 32:15, Lamentations 3:37

Reciprocal: Exodus 10:24 - little ones

Verse 11

for that: Psalms 52:3, Psalms 52:4, Psalms 119:69

And they: Exodus 10:28, Exodus 5:4

Reciprocal: Genesis 48:18 - Not so Exodus 10:6 - And he Acts 10:14 - Not

Verse 12

Stretch: Exodus 7:19

eat every: Exodus 10:4, Exodus 10:5

Reciprocal: 2 Chronicles 6:28 - locusts Psalms 78:46 - gave also Psalms 105:34 - the locusts Proverbs 10:13 - the lips Joel 1:4 - the locust eaten Amos 7:1 - he

Verse 13

east wind: Exodus 14:21, Genesis 41:6, Psalms 78:26, Psalms 107:25-28, Psalms 148:8, Jonah 1:4, Jonah 4:8, Matthew 8:27

Reciprocal: Exodus 7:9 - Take Exodus 10:19 - a mighty Numbers 11:31 - a wind Psalms 109:23 - I am tossed Proverbs 30:27 - The locusts Jeremiah 51:16 - bringeth Nahum 3:15 - make thyself many as the locusts

Verse 14

the locusts: Deuteronomy 28:42, 1 Kings 8:37, Psalms 78:46, Psalms 105:34, Psalms 105:35, Revelation 9:3-7

very grievous: Exodus 10:5, Joel 1:2-4

before: Exodus 10:6, Exodus 11:6, Joel 2:2

Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 28:38 - for the locust 1 Samuel 6:5 - mice

Verse 15

For they: Exodus 10:5, Joel 1:6, Joel 1:7, Joel 2:1-11, Joel 2:25

did eat: Psalms 78:46, Psalms 105:35

Reciprocal: Exodus 10:6 - which Deuteronomy 28:38 - for the locust 1 Samuel 6:5 - mice Ezekiel 30:18 - the day Joel 2:3 - and behind Amos 7:2 - when

Verse 16

called for: Heb. hastened to call

I have: Exodus 9:27, Numbers 21:7, Numbers 22:34, 1 Samuel 15:24, 1 Samuel 15:30, 1 Samuel 26:21, 2 Samuel 19:20, Job 34:31, Job 34:32, Proverbs 28:13, Matthew 27:4

Reciprocal: Genesis 41:14 - and they brought him hastily Exodus 8:25 - General Exodus 10:8 - brought Joshua 7:20 - Indeed 2 Samuel 19:19 - did perversely

Verse 17

forgive: 1 Samuel 15:25

and entreat: Exodus 8:8, Exodus 9:28, 1 Kings 13:6, Isaiah 26:16, Romans 15:30, Acts 8:24

this death: 2 Kings 4:40, 2 Corinthians 1:10

Reciprocal: Exodus 8:28 - entreat Numbers 22:34 - I Have sinned Judges 11:8 - the elders 1 Samuel 12:19 - Pray for thy 2 Samuel 19:19 - did perversely Proverbs 28:13 - and forsaketh Jeremiah 34:11 - General Jeremiah 37:3 - Pray Matthew 27:4 - I have sinned

Verse 18

went: Exodus 8:30

and entreated: Exodus 8:9, Exodus 8:28, Exodus 8:29, Matthew 5:44, Luke 6:28

Reciprocal: Exodus 8:12 - General Exodus 9:33 - and the thunders

Verse 19

a mighty: Exodus 10:13

cast: Heb. fastened

the Red sea: Exodus 13:18, Exodus 15:4, Joel 2:20, Hebrews 11:29

Reciprocal: Exodus 9:33 - and the thunders Numbers 11:31 - a wind Psalms 109:23 - I am tossed Psalms 148:8 - stormy Jeremiah 51:16 - bringeth Jonah 1:4 - the Lord

Verse 20

Exodus 4:21, Exodus 7:13, Exodus 7:14, Exodus 9:12, Exodus 11:10, Deuteronomy 2:30, Isaiah 6:9, Isaiah 6:10, John 12:39, John 12:40, Romans 9:18, 2 Thessalonians 2:11, 2 Thessalonians 2:12

Reciprocal: Exodus 10:27 - General 1 Kings 22:23 - the Lord

Verse 21

Stretch: Exodus 9:22

darkness: As the Egyptians not only worshipped the light and sun, but also paid the same veneration to night and darkness, nothing could be more terrible than this punishment of palpable and coercive darkness, such as their luminary Osiris could not dispel. See Bryant, pp. 141-160. Psalms 35:6, Psalms 78:49, Psalms 105:28, Proverbs 4:19, Ecclesiastes 2:14, Ecclesiastes 6:4, Isaiah 8:21, Isaiah 8:22, Matthew 27:45, Mark 15:33, Luke 23:44, 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:17, Jude 1:6, Jude 1:13, Revelation 16:10, Revelation 16:11

even darkness which may be felt: Heb. that one may feel darkness

Reciprocal: Exodus 7:19 - stretch Job 9:7 - commandeth Job 36:32 - General Job 38:15 - from Isaiah 5:30 - if one look Isaiah 45:7 - create darkness Isaiah 50:3 - General Jeremiah 13:16 - gross Ezekiel 32:7 - I will cover the heaven Amos 5:8 - maketh Amos 8:9 - and I Acts 27:20 - neither Revelation 8:12 - and the day Revelation 9:2 - and the sun

Verse 22

thick darkness: Exodus 20:21, Deuteronomy 4:11, Deuteronomy 5:22, Psalms 105:28, Joel 2:2, Joel 2:31, Amos 4:13, Revelation 16:10

Reciprocal: Exodus 9:32 - not grown up Job 3:4 - darkness Job 9:7 - commandeth

Verse 23

but all: Exodus 8:22, Exodus 9:4, Exodus 9:26, Exodus 14:20, Joshua 24:7, Isaiah 42:16, Isaiah 60:1-3, Isaiah 65:13, Isaiah 65:14, Malachi 3:18, Colossians 1:13, 1 Peter 2:9

Reciprocal: Exodus 7:25 - General Exodus 11:7 - a difference Job 3:4 - darkness Amos 4:7 - and I

Verse 24

Go ye: Exodus 10:8, Exodus 10:9, Exodus 8:28, Exodus 9:28

flocks: Genesis 34:23

little ones: Exodus 10:10

Reciprocal: Genesis 46:5 - in the wagons Exodus 3:18 - that we may Exodus 8:8 - and I will Hosea 5:6 - go

Verse 25

us: Heb. into our hands

sacrifices: Exodus 29:1-46, Exodus 36:1 - Exodus 40:38, Leviticus 9:22, Leviticus 16:9

Verse 26

cattle: Exodus 12:32, Isaiah 23:18, Isaiah 60:5-10, Hosea 5:6, Zechariah 14:20, Acts 2:44, Acts 2:45, 2 Corinthians 8:5

and we: Proverbs 3:9, Hebrews 11:8

Reciprocal: Genesis 46:5 - in the wagons Genesis 50:8 - only their Exodus 8:27 - as he shall

Verse 27

Exodus 10:1, Exodus 10:20, Exodus 4:21, Exodus 14:4, Exodus 14:8, Revelation 9:20, Revelation 16:10, Revelation 16:11

Reciprocal: Exodus 7:13 - General Exodus 7:14 - Pharaoh's Exodus 11:10 - the Lord Isaiah 6:10 - the heart Amos 4:10 - yet

Verse 28

Get thee: Exodus 10:11

for in that: 2 Chronicles 16:10, 2 Chronicles 25:16, Amos 7:13

Reciprocal: Exodus 19:12 - Take 2 Samuel 14:24 - let him not 1 Kings 12:13 - answered 1 Kings 19:2 - if I 2 Chronicles 10:13 - answered Acts 8:1 - except Hebrews 11:27 - he forsook

Verse 29

I will see: Exodus 11:4-8, Exodus 12:30, Exodus 12:31, Hebrews 11:27

Reciprocal: Acts 8:1 - except