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Bible Commentaries
Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes Bullinger's Companion Notes
Copyright Statement
These files are public domain.
Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission.
These files are public domain.
Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission.
Bibliographical Information
Bullinger, Ethelbert William. "Commentary on Leviticus 11". "Bullinger's Companion bible Notes". https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/eng/bul/leviticus-11.html. 1909-1922.
Bullinger, Ethelbert William. "Commentary on Leviticus 11". "Bullinger's Companion bible Notes". https://www.studylight.org/
Whole Bible (41)Old Testament (1)Individual Books (3)
Verse 1
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .
spake. See note on Leviticus 5:14 .
Verse 2
children. Hebrew sons.
These. Hebrew this. Figure of speech Heterosis (of Number), singular for plural.
beasts = living creatures.
beasts = animals. Hebrew. behemah. The Hebrew division of animal kingdom was: (1) Land animals; (2) water animals; (3) birds of the air; (4) swarming animals. Deuteronomy 14:4 , Deuteronomy 14:5 enumerates ten clean animals.
Verse 3
parteth the hoof. Compare Deuteronomy 14:6 .
Verse 4
not eat. These laws are not arbitrary. Food plays a chief part in health and sickness. It is our wisdom to obey these laws now, as far as possible. All are based on the preservation and health of the race. Some for sanitary reasons. Some from peculiarities of climate. Some for separating from other peoples.
Verse 5
coney = the old English name for rabbit.
Verse 6
hare. Only here, and Deuteronomy 14:7 . Hebrew. 'arnebeth, not yet identified.
Verse 10
thing = soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13 .
Verse 13
fowls = flying things; very difficult to identify the English names.
eagle: or vulture.
ossifrage. A rendering of the Hebrew "bone-breaker", from taking their prey up in the air and dropping it on a rock to break it.
ospray: or sea eagle.
Verse 14
vulture: or kite.
kite = falcon.
Verse 15
raven, or black birds of all kinds.
Verse 16
ouckow. Probably = sea-gull.
Verse 17
little owl, or simply "owl". Only here, Deuteronomy 14:16 , and Psalms 102:6 .
cormorant: or the "darter".
great owl = Hebrew "night-bird".
Verse 18
swan, not our swan: it is variously rendered "ibis", "bat", "heron", and "pelican".
pelican: or vomiting pelican.
gier eagle: or little vulture. Hebrew "the merciful".
Verse 19
stork. Hebrew. chasidah, "the pious": rendered "stork" in Job 39:13 (margin) Psalms 104:17 . Jeremiah 8:7 . Zechariah 5:9 .
heron. Hebrew. 'anaphah, "the cruel".
lapwing. Better, the hoopoe, a dirty bird.
bat. A vile creature and symbol of evil (Isaiah 2:20 ): comes last as a link between two classes, quadrupeds and birds.
Verse 22
these: being all "after his kind", are probably four different species of the same, viz.:
locust = swarming locust.
bald locust = devouring locust.
beetle = chargol (or wingless) locust. grasshopper = chargab locust, Numbers 13:33 . 2 Chronicles 7:13 .Ecclesiastes 12:5 .Isaiah 40:22 .
Verse 27
beasts = living creatures. See note on Leviticus 11:2 .
Verse 29
weasel. Hebrew. choled = the glider or slipper, Occurs only here.
mouse. Hebrew. 'akbar = the corn destroyer. 1 Samuel 6:4 , 1 Samuel 6:5 , 1 Samuel 6:11 , 1 Samuel 6:18 . Isaiah 66:17 .
tortoise. Hebrew. zab = the inflated, Numbers 5:27 ; probably = toad.
Verse 30
ferret = hedgehog. Hebrew. 'anakah, only here.
lizard: or wall-lizard.
snail. Hebrew. chomet, Psalms 58:8 = shabbel.
Verse 31
unclean. Better, "most unclean"; so in Leviticus 11:29 .
when they be dead. Compare Leviticus 11:24 .
Verse 34
meat = food. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Part), one kind put for all kinds of food. App-6 .
Verse 36
plenty. Hebrew = "a gathering together".
that which = he who.
Verse 40
he that eateth: i.e. ignorantly: otherwise, wilfully, it was the death penalty. Numbers 15:30 . Deuteronomy 14:21 .
Verse 42
more = many.
Verse 43
your selves = your souls. Hebrew, plural of nephesh. App-13 .
abominable. Only here and Leviticus 7:21 ; Leviticus 11:10-13 , Leviticus 11:20 , Leviticus 11:23 , Leviticus 11:41 , Leviticus 11:42 , and Isaiah 66:17 . Ezekiel 8:10 . The phrase occurs only once more, in Ch. Leviticus 20:25 , where it is used of souls.
Verse 44
yourselves = your souls. Hebrew, plural of nephesh. App-13 .
for I am holy. Compare 1 Peter 1:15 , 1 Peter 1:16 ; and see ch. Leviticus 20:7 , Leviticus 20:8 .
Verse 45
that bringeth you up, &c. This wondrous redemption is repeatedly appealed to, to magnify Jehovah's grace and Israel's ingratitude. Compare Deuteronomy 8:14 ; Deuteronomy 13:10 ; Deuteronomy 20:1 .Joshua 24:17 . Judges 2:12 , &c.
holy. See note on Exodus 3:5 .
Verse 46
This is the law of the beasts, &c. A recapitulation of the four classes. See structure of verses 1-23 in the Leviticus book comments. There it was land, water, flying, and swarming. Here it is land animals, flying, water animals, and swarming. Compare the summary of the sacrificial law, Leviticus 7:37 , Leviticus 7:38 .
beasts. Hebrew, plural of behemah. See note on Leviticus 11:27 .
creature = soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13 .
Verse 47
make a difference: or, put, &c. Same word as in Leviticus 10:10 .
may not be eaten. See Leviticus 20:26 , and compare Acts 10:11-16 .