Imamat 11:13

Bahasa Indonesia Sehari-hari

Inilah yang harus kamu jijikkan dari burung-burung, janganlah dimakan, karena semuanya itu adalah kejijikan: burung rajawali, ering janggut dan elang laut;

Parallel Translations

Alkitab Terjemahan Baru
Inilah yang harus kamu jijikkan dari burung-burung, janganlah dimakan, karena semuanya itu adalah kejijikan: burung rajawali, ering janggut dan elang laut;

Alkitab Terjemahan Lama
Maka inilah dia dari pada segala unggas yang patut kamu ngeri akan dia, dan yang tiada boleh kamu makan sebab kehinaanlah adanya, yaitu burung nasar dan burung baz dan nasar laut,

Contextual Overview

⁹ These shall ye eate, of all that are in the waters: whatsoeuer hath finnes and skales in the waters, seas, and riuers, that shall ye eate. ¹⁰ And all that haue not finnes nor skales in the sea and riuers, of all that moue and liue in the waters, let them be abhomination vnto you. ¹¹ They I say, shalbe an abhomination vnto you: ye shall not eate of their flesh, but abhorre their carkasses. ¹² Let all that haue no finnes nor skales in the waters, be abhominable vnto you. ¹³ These are they whiche ye shall abhorre among the foules, and that ought not to be eaten, for they are an abhomination: The Egle, the Goshauke, and the Ospray, ¹⁴ The Uultur, and the Kyte after his kinde, ¹⁵ And all Rauens after their kinde, ¹⁶ The Estrich, the nyght Crowe, the Coockowe, and the Hauke after his kynde, ¹⁷ The Falcon, the Cormorant, the great Owle, ¹⁸ The Backe, the Pellicane, the Pye,

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

the eagle: In Hebrew, nesher, Chaldee, neshar, Syriac, neshro, and Arabic, nishr, the eagle, one of the largest, strongest, swiftest, fiercest, and most rapacious of the feathered race. His eye is large, dark, and piercing; his beak powerful and hooked; his legs strong and feathered; his feet yellow and armed with four very long and terrific claws; his wings very large and powerful; his body compact and robust; his bones hard; his flesh firm; his feathers coarse; his attitude fierce and erect; his motions lively; his flight extremely rapid and towering; and his cry the terror of every wing. Deuteronomy 14:12-20, Job 28:7, Job 38:41, Job 39:27-30, Jeremiah 4:13, Jeremiah 4:22, Jeremiah 48:40, Lamentations 4:19, Hosea 8:1, Habakkuk 1:8, Matthew 24:28, Romans 1:28-32, Romans 3:13-17, Titus 3:3

the ossifrage: Peres, from paras to break, probably the species of eagle anciently called ossifraga or bone-breaker (from os, a bone, and frango, to break), because it not only strips off the flesh, but breaks the bone, in order to extract the marrow.

the ospray: Hebrew ozniyah, Arabic azan, and Chaldee azyah, (from azaz, to be strong), a species of eagle, probably the black eagle, so remarkable for its strength.

Reciprocal: Revelation 18:2 - become

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And these [are they which] ye shall have in abomination among the fowls,.... No description or sign is given of fowls, as of beasts and fishes, only the names of those not to be eaten; which, according to Maimonides, are twenty four; so that all the rest but these are clean fowls, and might be eaten; wherefore the same writer observes x, that,

"whoever was expert in these kinds, and in their names, might eat of every fowl which was not of them, and there was no need of an inquiry:''

but what creatures are intended by these is not now easy to know; very different are the sentiments both of the Jews and Christians concerning them; and indeed it does not much concern us Christians to know what are meant by them, but as curiosity may lead us to such an inquiry, not thinking ourselves bound by these laws; but it is of moment with the Jews to know them, who think they are; wherefore, to supply this deficiency, they venture to give some signs by which clean and unclean fowls may be known, and they are three; such are clean who have a superfluous claw, and also a craw, and a crop that is uncovered by the hand y; and on the contrary they are unclean, and not to be eaten, as says the Targum of Jonathan, which have no superfluous talon, or no craw, or a crop not uncovered:

they shall not be eaten, they [are] an abomination; and they are those that follow:

the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray; about the first of these there is no difficulty, all agree the eagle is intended; which has its name either from the nature of its sight, or from the casting of its feathers, or from its tearing with its bill: it is a bird of prey, a very rapacious creature, and sometimes called the bird of Jupiter, and sacred to the gods; and these may be the reasons why forbid to be eaten, as well as because its flesh is hard, and not fit for food, and unwholesome; "the ossifrage" or "bone breaker" has its name from its tearing its prey and breaking its bones for the marrow, as the word "peres" here used signifies, Micah 3:3 it is said to dig up bodies in burying places to eat what it finds in the bones z: this is thought to be of the eagle kind, as it is reckoned by Pliny a, though Aristotle b speaks of it as very different from the eagle, as larger than that, and of an ash colour; and is so kind to the eagle's young, that when they are cast out by that, it takes them and brings them up: the "ospray" is the "halioeetus", or sea eagle, as the Septuagint version and several others render it; which Aristotle c describes as having a large and thick neck, crooked wings, and a broad tail, and resides about the sea and shores: Pliny d speaks of it as having a very clear sight, and, poising itself on high, having sight of a fish in the sea, will rush down at once and fetch it out of the water; and he also reports that she will take her young before they are fledged, and oblige them to look directly against the rays of the sun, and if any of them wink, or their eyes water, she casts them out of her nest as a spurious brood. Aristotle e, who relates the same, says she kills them. The name of this creature, in the Hebrew text, seems to be taken from its strength; wherefore Bochart f is of opinion, that the "melanoeetos", or black eagle, which, though the least of eagles as to its size, exceeds all others in strength, as both Aristotle g and Pliny h say; and therefore, as the latter observes, is called by the Romans "valeria", from its strength. Maimonides i says of these two last fowls, which we render the ossifrage and the ospray, that they are not to be found on the continent, but in the desert places of the isles of the sea very far off, even those which are at the end of the habitable world.

x Maacolot Asurot, c. 1. sect. 14, 15. y T. Bab. Cholin, fol. 75. 1. Maimon. ib. sect. 15. z Calmet's Dictionary in the word "Ossifraga". a Nat. Hist. l. 10. c. 3. b Hist. Animal. l. 6. c. 6. l. 8. c. 3. & l. 9. c. 34. c Ib. l. 9. c. 32. d Ut supra. (Nat. Hist. l. 10. c. 3.) e Ib. c. 34. f Hierozoic. par. 2. l. 2. c. 6. col. 188. g Ut supra, (Hist. Animal. l. 9.) c. 32. h Ut supra. (Nat. Hist. l. 10. c. 3.) i Maacolot Asurot, c. 1. sect. 17.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

As far as they can be identified, the birds here mentioned are such as live upon animal food. They were those which the Israelites might have been tempted to eat, either from their being easy to obtain, or from the example of other nations, and which served as types of the entire range of prohibited kinds.

Leviticus 11:13

The eagle - Rather, the great vulture, which the Egyptians are known to have ranked as the first among birds. Compare 2 Samuel 1:23; Psalms 103:5; Proverbs 23:5, etc.

The Ossifrage, or bone-breaker, was the lammer-geyer, and the “ospray” (a corruption of ossifrage) the sea-eagle.

Leviticus 11:14

The vulture - Rather, the (black) kite Isaiah 34:15 : “the kite,” rather the red kite, remarkable for its piercing sight Job 28:7.

Leviticus 11:15

Every raven after his kind - i. e. the whole family of corvidae.

Leviticus 11:16

And the owl ... - Rather, “and the ostrich, and the owl, and the gull, and the hawk,” etc.

Leviticus 11:18

The swan - More probably the ibis, the sacred bird of the Egyptians. “The gier eagle” is most likely the Egyptian vulture, a bird of unprepossessing appearance and disgusting habits, but fostered by the Egyptians as a useful scavenger.

Leviticus 11:19

The heron ... the lapwing - Rather, the great plover the hoopoe, so called from its peculiar cry.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Leviticus 11:13. And these - among the fowls - the eagle — נשר nesher, from nashar, to lacerate, cut, or tear to pieces; hence the eagle, a most rapacious bird of prey, from its tearing the flesh of the animals it feeds on; and for this purpose birds of prey have, in general, strong, crooked talons and a hooked beak. The eagle is a cruel bird, exceedingly ravenous, and almost insatiable.

The ossifrage — Or bone-breaker, from os, a bone, and frango, I break, because it not only strips off the flesh, but breaks the bone in order to extract the marrow. In Hebrew it is called פרס peres, from paras, to break or divide in two, and probably signifies that species of the eagle anciently known by the name of ossifraga, and which we render ossifrage.

Ospray — עזניה ozniyah, from עזן azan, to be strong, vigorous; generally supposed to mean the black eagle, such as that described by Homer, Iliad. lib. xxi., ver. 252.

Αιετου οιματ' εχων μελανος, του θηρητηρος,

Ὁς θ' αμα καρτιστος τε και ωκιστος πετεηνων.

"Having the rapidity of the black eagle, that bird of prey, at once the swiftest and the strongest of the feathered race."

Among the Greeks and Romans the eagle was held sacred, and is represented as carrying the thunderbolts of Jupiter. This occurs so frequently, and is so well known, that references are almost needless. See Scheuchzer.