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Updated Bible Version

1 Samuel 22:2

And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves to him; and he became captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.

Bible Study Resources

Concordances:

- Nave's Topical Bible - Armies;   Captain;   Insurgents;   Torrey's Topical Textbook - Caves;   Creditors;   Deserts;  

Dictionaries:

- American Tract Society Bible Dictionary - Ahimelech;   Bridgeway Bible Dictionary - David;   Joab;   Charles Buck Theological Dictionary - Prayer;   Easton Bible Dictionary - Adullam;   Captain;   Cave;   Fausset Bible Dictionary - David;   Jephthah;   Holman Bible Dictionary - Damascus;   Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible - Nob;   Priests and Levites;   Prince;   Samuel, Books of;   Morrish Bible Dictionary - Adullam ;   Smith Bible Dictionary - Da'vid;  

Encyclopedias:

- Condensed Biblical Cyclopedia - Hebrew Monarchy, the;   International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Army;   David;   Debt;   Four;   Philistines;   Samuel, Books of;   The Jewish Encyclopedia - Captain;   Gad;  

Parallel Translations

Christian Standard Bible®
In addition, every man who was desperate, in debt, or discontented rallied around him, and he became their leader. About four hundred men were with him.
Hebrew Names Version
Everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented, gathered themselves to him; and he became captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.
King James Version
And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.
Lexham English Bible
Every man in distress and every man who had a creditor and every embittered man gathered to him, and he became their commander. Now there were about four hundred men with him.
English Standard Version
And everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was bitter in soul, gathered to him. And he became commander over them. And there were with him about four hundred men.
New Century Version
Everyone who was in trouble, or who owed money, or who was unsatisfied gathered around David, and he became their leader. About four hundred men were with him.
New English Translation
All those who were in trouble or owed someone money or were discontented gathered around him, and he became their leader. He had about four hundred men with him.
Amplified Bible
Everyone who was suffering hardship, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered to him; and he became captain over them. There were about four hundred men with him.
New American Standard Bible
Then everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered to him; and he became captain over them. Now there were about four hundred men with him.
Geneva Bible (1587)
And there gathered vnto him all men that were in trouble and all men that were in dette, and all those that were vexed in minde, and he was their prince, and there were with him about foure hundreth men.
Legacy Standard Bible
Then everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was bitter of soul, gathered to him; and he became a commander over them. Now there were about four hundred men with him.
Contemporary English Version
A lot of other people joined him too. Some were in trouble, others were angry or in debt, and David was soon the leader of four hundred men.
Complete Jewish Bible
Then all the people in distress, in debt or embittered began gathering around him, and he became their leader; there were about four hundred with him.
Darby Translation
And every one in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one of embittered spirit collected round him; and he became a captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.
Easy-to-Read Version
Many people joined David. There were men who were in some kind of trouble, men who owed a lot of money, and men who were just not satisfied with life. All kinds of people joined David, and he became their leader. He had about 400 men with him.
George Lamsa Translation
And there gathered to him every man who was in distress and every man who was in debt and every man who was discontented, and he became chief over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.
Good News Translation
People who were oppressed or in debt or dissatisfied went to him, about four hundred men in all, and he became their leader.
Literal Translation
And every man in distress, and every man who had a creditor, and every man bitter of soul, gathered themselves to him. And he became commander over them. And about four hundred men were with him.
Miles Coverdale Bible (1535)
And there gathered vnto him all men that were in trouble and det, and sory of hert, and he became their heade, so that there were with him vpon a foure hundreth men.
American Standard Version
And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.
Bible in Basic English
And everyone who was in trouble, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was bitter in soul, came together to him, and he became captain over them: about four hundred men were joined to him.
Bishop's Bible (1568)
And there gathered vnto him all men that were in combraunce, and in det, and troubled in their mindes, & he became a captayne ouer them: And there were with him vpon a foure hundred men.
JPS Old Testament (1917)
And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them; and there were with him about four hundred men.
King James Version (1611)
And euery one that was in distresse, and euery one that was in debt, and euery one that was discontented, gathered themselues vnto him, and he became a captaine ouer them: and there were with him about foure hundred men.
Brenton's Septuagint (LXX)
And there gathered to him every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was troubled in mind; and he was a leader over them, and there were with him about four hundred men.
English Revised Version
And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.
Berean Standard Bible
And all who were distressed or indebted or discontented rallied around him, and he became their leader. About four hundred men were with him.
Wycliffe Bible (1395)
And alle men that weren set in angwisch, and oppressid with othere mennus dette, and in bittir soule, camen togidere to hym; and he was maad the prince `of hem, and as foure hundrid men weren with hym.
Young's Literal Translation
and gather themselves unto him do every man in distress, and every man who hath an exactor, and every man bitter in soul, and he is over them for head, and there are with him about four hundred men.
Webster's Bible Translation
And every one [that was] in distress, and every one that [was] in debt, and every one [that was] discontented, resorted to him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.
World English Bible
Everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented, gathered themselves to him; and he became captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.
New King James Version
And everyone who was in distress, everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered to him. So he became captain over them. And there were about four hundred men with him.
New Living Translation
Then others began coming—men who were in trouble or in debt or who were just discontented—until David was the captain of about 400 men.
New Life Bible
Then everyone who was in trouble, everyone who owed money, and everyone who was not happy with the way he was living, came together to him. He became their captain. There were about 400 men with him.
New Revised Standard
Everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered to him; and he became captain over them. Those who were with him numbered about four hundred.
J.B. Rotherham Emphasized Bible
And there gathered themselves unto him - every one that was in distress, and every one that had a creditor, and every one embittered in soul, and he came to be over them as a prince, - and there were with him, about four hundred men.
Douay-Rheims Bible
And all that were in distress, and oppressed with debt, and under affliction of mind, gathered themselves unto him: and he became their prince, and there were with him about four hundred men.
Revised Standard Version
And every one who was in distress, and every one who was in debt, and every one who was discontented, gathered to him; and he became captain over them. And there were with him about four hundred men.
New American Standard Bible (1995)
Everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered to him; and he became captain over them. Now there were about four hundred men with him.

Contextual Overview

1 David therefore departed from there, and escaped to the cave of Adullam: and when his brothers and all his father's house heard it, they went down there to him. 2 And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves to him; and he became captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men. 3 And David went from there to Mizpeh of Moab: and he said to the king of Moab, Let my father and my mother, I pray you, come forth, [and be] with you, until I know what God will do for me. 4 And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the stronghold. 5 And the prophet Gad said to David, Don't abide in the stronghold; depart, and go into the land of Judah. Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hereth.

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

distress: Judges 11:3, Matthew 11:12, Matthew 11:28

was in debt: Heb. had a creditor, Matthew 18:25-34

discontented: Heb. bitter of soul, 1 Samuel 1:10, 1 Samuel 30:6, Judges 18:25, 2 Samuel 17:8, Proverbs 31:6, *marg.

a captain: 1 Samuel 9:16, 1 Samuel 25:15, 1 Samuel 25:16, 1 Samuel 30:22-24, 2 Samuel 5:2, 2 Kings 20:5, 1 Chronicles 11:15-19, Psalms 72:12-14, Matthew 9:12, Matthew 9:13, Hebrews 2:10

Reciprocal: Judges 9:4 - vain 1 Samuel 23:13 - six hundred 1 Samuel 25:7 - we hurt 1 Samuel 25:10 - there be 2 Samuel 2:3 - his men 2 Chronicles 13:7 - vain men Job 30:6 - dwell Psalms 142:1 - when he was

Cross-References

Genesis 17:19
And God said, No, but Sarah your wife shall bear you a son; and you shall call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his seed after him.
Genesis 21:12
And God said to Abraham, Don't let it be grievous in your sight because of the lad, and because of your slave. In all that Sarah says to you, listen to her voice. For in Isaac shall your seed be called.
Genesis 22:9
And they came to the place which God had told him of. And Abraham built the altar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar, on the wood.
Genesis 22:10
And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and took the knife to slay his son.
Genesis 22:12
And he said, Don't lay your hand on the lad, neither do anything to him. For now I know that you fear God, seeing you haven't withheld your son, your only son, from me.
Genesis 22:16
and said, By myself I have sworn, says Yahweh, because you have done this thing, and haven't withheld your son, your only son,
Judges 11:31
then it shall be, that whatever comes forth from the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the sons of Ammon, it shall be Yahweh's, and I will offer it up for a burnt-offering.
Judges 11:39
And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned to her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she had no sex with a man. And it was a custom in Israel,
2 Kings 3:27
Then he took his eldest son that should have reigned in his stead, and offered him for a burnt-offering on the wall. And there was great wrath against Israel: and they departed from him, and returned to their own land.
2 Chronicles 3:1
Then Solomon began to build the house of Yahweh at Jerusalem on mount Moriah, where [Yahweh] appeared to David his father, which he made ready in the place that David had appointed, in the threshing-floor of Ornan the Jebusite.

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And everyone [that was] in distress,.... In straitened circumstances, through the oppression of men, through poverty, and afflictive providences in their families:

and everyone [that was] in debt; and not able to pay their debts, and whose creditors were pressing upon them:

and everyone [that was] discontented; with Saul's government and conduct: or "bitter in soul" x; distressed and uneasy in their minds, being pinched with want, or pressed with sore afflictions, which made them very disconsolate: these

gathered themselves unto him; to help him, or rather to be helped by him; hoping in time things would take a favourable turn with him, and he should be advanced to the throne, and so their circumstances would be mended thereby:

and he became a captain over them; they enlisted themselves in his service, and he took the command of them; he might not know the circumstances of those in debt, nor of any of them thoroughly, nor their views in joining him; however he meant not to shelter them from paying their just debts if able, nor to encourage them in disloyalty to their king, only to make use of them for his own preservation for the present. In this he was a type of Christ, who receives sinners distressed with a sense of sin, discontented in their present state, and in debt, and, unable to pay their debts; see Matthew 11:28;

and there were with him about four hundred men; among whom some think were the three mighty men spoken of in 2 Samuel 23:13.

x מר נפש "amarus animo", Pagninus, Montanus.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Discontented - See the margin. (Compare 1 Samuel 30:6; 2 Samuel 17:8.) The phrase here denotes those who were exasperated by Saul’s tyranny.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse 1 Samuel 22:2. And every one that was in distress - debt - discontented — It is very possible that these several disaffected and exceptionable characters might at first have supposed that David, unjustly persecuted, would be glad to avail himself of their assistance that he might revenge himself upon Saul, and so they in the mean time might profit by plunder, c. But if this were their design they were greatly disappointed, for David never made any improper use of them. They are never found plundering or murdering on the contrary, they always appear under good discipline, and are only employed in services of a beneficent nature, and in defence of their country. Whatever they were before they came to David, we find that he succeeded in civilizing them, and making profitable to the state those who were before unprofitable. It is not necessary to strain the words of the original in order to prove that these were oppressed people, and not exceptionable characters, as some have done.


 
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