the Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34
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Green's Literal Translation
Hosea 12:1
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Ephraim is wasting its time; Israel "chases the wind" all day long. The people tell more and more lies and steal more and more. They have made agreements with Assyria, and they are carrying their olive oil to Egypt.
Ephraim feeds on wind, And pursues the east wind continually; He multiplies lies and violence. Moreover, he makes a covenant with Assyria, And oil is brought to Egypt.
What Israel does is as useless as chasing the wind; he chases the east wind all day. They tell more and more lies and do more and more violence. They make agreements with Assyria, and they send a gift of olive oil to Egypt.
Ephraim continually feeds on the wind; he chases the east wind all day; he multiplies lies and violence. They make treaties with Assyria, and send olive oil as tribute to Egypt.
Ephraim feeds on wind, and follows after the east wind: he continually multiplies lies and violence; and they make a covenant with Assyria, and oil is carried into Egypt.
Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he daily multiplieth lies and desolation; and they do make a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil is carried into Egypt.
Ephraim feeds on the [emptiness of the] wind And [continually] pursues the [parching] east wind [which brings destruction]; Every day he multiplies lies and violence. Further, he makes a covenant with Assyria And (olive) oil is carried to Egypt [to seek alliances].
Ephraim feeds on the wind and pursues the east wind all day long; they multiply falsehood and violence; they make a covenant with Assyria, and oil is carried to Egypt.
Ephraim feeds on wind, And chases the east wind. He continually multiplies lies and desolation. They make a covenant with Assyria, And oil is carried into Egypt.
Effraym fedith wynd, and sueth heete. Al dai he multiplieth leesyng, and distriyng; and he made boond of pees with Assiriens, and bar oile in to Egipt.
Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he continually multiplieth lies and desolation; and they make a covenant with Assyria, and oil is carried into Egypt.
Ephraim chases the wind and pursues the east wind all day long; he multiplies lies and violence; he makes a covenant with Assyria and sends olive oil to Egypt.
All day long Israel chases wind from the desert; deceit and violence are found everywhere. Treaties are made with Assyria; olive oil is taken to Egypt.
Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he continually multiplieth lies and desolation; and they make a covenant with Assyria, and oil is carried into Egypt.
Ephraim's food is the wind, and he goes after the east wind: deceit and destruction are increasing day by day; they make an agreement with Assyria, and take oil into Egypt.
"Efrayim surrounds me with lies and the house of Isra'el with deceit. Y'hudah still rules with God and is faithful with holy ones.
Ephraim feedeth on wind, and pursueth after the east wind: all day long he multiplieth lies and desolation; and they make a covenant with Assyria, and oil is carried into Egypt.
Ephraim compasseth Me about with lies, and the house of Israel with deceit; and Judah is yet wayward towards God, and towards the Holy One who is faithful.
Ephraim feedeth on winde, and followeth after the East winde: hee daily increaseth lies and desolation, and they doe make a couenant with the Assyrians, and oyle is caried into Egypt.
The people of Israel feed on the wind; they chase after the east wind all day long. They pile up lies and violence; they are making an alliance with Assyria while sending olive oil to buy support from Egypt.
Ephraim's food is the wind, he goes after the east wind all day long. He tells many lies and does much in his anger. He makes an agreement with Assyria and takes oil to Egypt.
Ephraim herds the wind, and pursues the east wind all day long; they multiply falsehood and violence; they make a treaty with Assyria, and oil is carried to Egypt.
Ephraim is fed with the winde, and followeth after the East winde: hee increaseth daily lies and destruction, & they do make a couenant with Asshur, and oyle is caried into Egypt.
EPHRAIM feeds on wind and follows after the tempest all the day long; they have multiplied lies and prey; they have made a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil is carried into Egypt.
Ephraim, feedeth on wind, and pursueth the east wind, all the day, falsehood and force, doth he magnify, - and, a covenant with Assyria, would they solemnize, and, oil into Egypt, must be borne along.
Ephraim feedeth on the wind, and followeth the burning heat: all the day long he multiplied lies and desolation: and he hath made a covenant with the Assyrians, and carried oil into Egypt.
E'phraim herds the wind, and pursues the east wind all day long; they multiply falsehood and violence; they make a bargain with Assyria, and oil is carried to Egypt.
Ephraim is fed with the wynde, & foloweth after the east winde, he dayly encreaseth lyes & destruction, they be confederate with the Assyrians, their oyle is caryed into Egypt.
But Ephraim is an evil spirit, he has chased the east wind all the day: he has multiplied empty and vain things, and made a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil has gone in the way of traffic into Egypt.
Everything that the people of Israel do from morning to night is useless and destructive. Treachery and acts of violence increase among them. They make treaties with Assyria and do business with Egypt."
Ephraim chases the wind
Efrayim feeds on wind, And chases the east wind. He continually multiplies lies and desolation. They make a covenant with Ashshur, And oil is carried into Mitzrayim.
Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he daily increaseth lies and desolation; and they do make a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil is carried into Egypt.
Ephraim herds the wind and is pursuing the east wind all day long; he multiplies deception and violence and he makes a treaty with Assyria, and oil is brought to Egypt.
Ephraim is enjoying wind, And is pursuing an east wind, All the day lying and spoiling he multiplieth, And a covenant with Asshur they make, And oil to Egypt is carried.
Ephraim kepeth the ayre, and foloweth after the east wynde: he is euer increasinge lyes & destruction. They be confederate with the Assirians, their oyle is caried in to Egipte.
Ephraim, obsessed with god-fantasies, chases ghosts and phantoms. He tells lies nonstop, soul-destroying lies. Both Ephraim and Judah made deals with Assyria and tried to get an inside track with Egypt. God is bringing charges against Israel. Jacob's children are hauled into court to be punished. In the womb, that heel, Jacob, got the best of his brother. When he grew up, he tried to get the best of God . But God would not be bested. God bested him. Brought to his knees, Jacob wept and prayed. God found him at Bethel. That's where he spoke with him. God is God -of-the-Angel-Armies, God -Revealed, God -Known.
"Ephraim feeds on the wind, And pursues the east wind; He daily increases lies and desolation. Also they make a covenant with the Assyrians, And oil is carried to Egypt.
Ephraim feeds on wind, And pursues the east wind continually; He multiplies lies and violence. Moreover, he makes a covenant with Assyria, And oil is carried to Egypt.
Ephraim feeds on windAnd pursues the east wind continually;He abounds in falsehood and destruction.Moreover, he cuts a covenant with Assyria,And oil is carried to Egypt.
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
feedeth: Hosea 8:7, Job 15:2, Jeremiah 22:22
he daily: Hosea 11:12
and they: Hosea 5:13, 2 Kings 15:19, 2 Kings 17:4-6, Isaiah 30:6, Isaiah 30:7
Reciprocal: 2 Kings 18:13 - come up Job 6:26 - as wind Proverbs 15:14 - the mouth Ecclesiastes 6:11 - General Isaiah 7:2 - is confederate with Isaiah 44:20 - feedeth Isaiah 55:2 - do ye Isaiah 57:9 - thou wentest to the king Jeremiah 2:36 - gaddest Lamentations 5:6 - to the Egyptians Ezekiel 17:10 - shall it Ezekiel 23:5 - on the Ezekiel 23:13 - that they Ezekiel 24:12 - wearied Ezekiel 29:16 - the confidence Hosea 4:17 - Ephraim Hosea 5:3 - Ephraim Hosea 7:1 - they commit Hosea 7:11 - they call Hosea 8:9 - hath Hosea 14:3 - Asshur Micah 1:1 - concerning Luke 15:16 - he would 2 Timothy 2:16 - for
Cross-References
And I will make of you a great nation. And I will bless you and make your name great; and you will be a blessing.
And I will bless those who bless you, and curse the one despising you. And in you all families of the earth shall be blessed.
And Abram passed through the land as far as the place of Shechem, to the Oak of Moreh. And the Canaanite was then in the land.
And a famine was in the land, so Abram went down into Egypt to stay there. For the famine was heavy in the land.
And it happened when he had drawn near to come to Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, Behold, please, I know that you are a beautiful woman to look upon.
And He said to him, I am Jehovah who caused you to come out of Ur of the Chaldeans, to give you this land to inherit it.
You are Jehovah the God who chose Abram, and brought him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees, and appointed his name, Abraham.
whom I have made strong from the ends of the earth, and called you from its sides; and I said to you, You are My servant. I elected you, and have not rejected you .
Look to your father Abraham, and to Sarah who bore you. For he being but one, I called him and blessed him and increased him.
Son of man, those living in the ruins are speaking, these in the land of Israel, saying, Abraham was one, and he possessed the land; but we are many, the land is given to us for a possession.
Gill's Notes on the Bible
Ephraim feedeth on wind,.... Which will be no more profitable and beneficial to him than wind is to a man that opens his mouth, and fills himself with it: the phrase is expressive of labour in vain, and of a man's getting nothing by all the pains he takes; the same with sowing the wind, and reaping the whirlwind, Hosea 8:7; and so the Targum has it here,
"the house of Israel are like to one that sows the wind, and reaps the whirlwind all the day;''
and this refers either to the worship of idols, and the calves in particular, and the vain hope of good things promised to themselves from thence; or to their vain confidence in the alliances and confederacies they entered into with neighbouring nations; from which they expected much, but found little:
and followed after the east wind; a wind strong and vehement, burning and blasting, very noxious and harmful; so that, instead of receiving any profit and advantage either by their idolatry or their covenants with other nations, they were only in these things pursuing what would be greatly to their detriment: or they would be no more able to attain by such methods what they sought for, than they would be able to overtake the east wind, which is a very swift and fleeting one; so that this clause exposes their folly, in expecting good things from their idols, or help from their neighbours;
he daily increaseth lies and desolation; while they multiplied idols, which are lies fallacious and deceitful, and idolatrous rites and acts of worship, they do but increase their desolation and ruin, which such things are the cause of, and will certainly bring them unto; or, not content with the daily increase of their idolatries among themselves, they continually persecute, spoil, and plunder those who do not give into their false worship: so the Targum,
"lies and spoil they multiply;''
idolaters are generally persecutors:
and they do make a covenant with the Assyrians: and gave tribute and presents to their kings, as Menahem did to Pul, and Hoshea to Shalmaneser, not to hurt them, and to help and assist them against their enemies, and to strengthen their kingdom; see 2 Kings 15:19;
and oil is carried into Egypt: one while they sent presents to the Assyrians, to obtain their favour and friendship: and at another time to the Egyptians; nay, they sent to So king of Egypt, at the same time they were tributary to Assyria, and, conspiring against him, brought on their ruin; and oil was a principal part of the present sent; for this was carried not by way of traffic, but as a present: so the Targum,
"and they carried gifts to Egypt;''
see Isaiah 57:9. The land of Israel, being a land of oil olive, was famous for the best oil, of which there was a scarcity in Egypt, and therefore a welcome present there, as balsam also was; see
Genesis 37:25.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind - The East wind in Palestine, coming from Arabia and the far East, over large tracts of sandy waste, is parching, scorching, destructive to vegetation, oppressive to man, violent and destructive on the sea Psalms 48:7, and, by land also, having the force of the whirlwind (Job 27:21; see Jeremiah 18:17). “The East wind carrieth him away and he departeth, and as a whirlwind hurleth him out of his place.” In leaving God and following idols, Ephraim “fed on” what is unsatisfying, and chased after what is destructive. If a hungry man were to “feed on wind,” it would be light food. If a man could overtake the East wind, it were his destruction. : Israel “fed on wind,” when he sought by gifts to win one who could aid him no more than the wind; “he chased the East wind,” when, in place of the gain which he sought, he received from the patron whom he had adopted, no slight loss.” Israel sought for the scorching wind, when it could betake itself under the shadow of God. : “The scorching wind is the burning of calamities, and the consuming fire of affliction.”
He increaseth lies and desolation - Unrepented sins and their punishment are, in God’s govermnent, linked together; so that to multiply sin is, in fact, to multiply desolation. Sin and punishment are bound together, as cause and effect. Man overlooks what he does not see. Yet not the less does he “treasure up wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous Judgment of God” Romans 2:5. : “Lying” will signify false speaking, false dealing, false belief, false opinions, false worship, false pretences for color thereof, false hopes, or relying on things that will deceive. In all these kinds, was Ephraim at that time guilty, adding one sort of lying to another.”
They do make a covenant with the Assyrians and oil is carried into Egypt - Oil was a chief product of Palestine, from where it is called “a land of oil olive” Deuteronomy 8:8; and “oil” with balm was among its chief exports to Tyre (Ezekiel 27:17; see the note above at Hosea 2:8). It may also include precious ointments, of which it was the basis. As an export of great value, it stands for all other presents, which Hoshea sent to So, King of Egypt. Ephraim, threatened by God, looked first to the Assyrian, then to Egypt, to strengthen itself. Having dealt falsely with God, he dealt falsely with man. First, he “made covenant with” Shalmaneser, king of “Assyria;” then, finding the tribute, the price of his help, burdensome to him, he broke that covenant, by sending to Egypt. Seeking to make friends out of God, Ephraim made the more powerful, the Assyrian, the more his enemy, by seeking the friendship of Egypt; and God executed His judgments through those, by whose help they had hoped to escape them.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
CHAPTER XII
The prophet, in very pointed terms, describes the
unprofitableness and destruction attending vicious courses;
particularly such as Ephraim pursued, who forsook God, and
courted the alliance of idolatrous princes, 1.
Judah is also reproved, 2.
He is reminded of the extraordinary favour of God to his father
Jacob, in giving him the birthright; and exhorted, after his
example, to wrestle with God (the Angel of the covenant, the
same unchangeable Jehovah) for a blessing; and to love mercy
and execute justice, 3-6.
Ephraim is accused of pursuing practices that are deceitful,
although pretending to integrity, 7, 8.
God then threatens to deprive this people of their possessions,
9,
as they had rejected every means of reformation, 10,
and given themselves up to gross impieties, 11.
And, as an aggravation of their guilt, they are reminded from
what humble beginnings they had been raised, 12, 13.
The Divine judgments about to fall upon Israel are declared to
be the result of great provocation, 14.
NOTES ON CHAP. XII
Verse Hosea 12:1. Ephraim feedeth on wind — He forms and follows empty and unstable counsels.
Followeth after the east wind — They are not only empty, but dangerous and destructive. The east wind was, and still is, in all countries, a parching, wasting, injurious wind.
He daily increaseth lies — He promises himself safety from foreign alliances. He "made a covenant with the Assyrians," and sent a subsidy of "oil to Egypt." The latter abandoned him; the former oppressed him.
