the Week of Proper 23 / Ordinary 28
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King James Version
Psalms 110:1
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A psalm of David.
The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit in the place of honor at my right hand until I humble your enemies, making them a footstool under your feet."A Psalm of David. The LORD saith unto my lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool.
A Psalm of David. Yahweh says to my Lord, Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies a stool for your feet.
A psalm of David.
The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit by me at my right side until I put your enemies under your control."A psalm of David.
Here is the Lord 's proclamation to my lord: "Sit down at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool!"A Psalm of David. The LORD said to my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thy enemies thy footstool.
<> Yahweh says to my Lord, "Sit at my right hand, Until I make your enemies your footstool for your feet."
The LORD (Father) says to my Lord (the Messiah, His Son), "Sit at My right hand Until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet [subjugating them into complete submission]."
A Psalm of David.
The Lord says to my Lord: "Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool."The `title of the hundrid and nynthe salm. `The salm of Dauith. The Lord seide to my Lord; Sitte thou on my riyt side. Til Y putte thin enemyes; a stool of thi feet.
A Psalm of David. The LORD said to my Lord: "Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet."
(A psalm by David.)
The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit at my right side, until I make your enemies into a footstool for you."A Psalm of David.
Jehovah saith unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, Until I make thine enemies thy footstool.The Lord said to my lord, Be seated at my right hand, till I put all those who are against you under your feet.
A psalm of David: Adonai says to my Lord, "Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool."
Psalm of David.
Jehovah said unto my Lord, Sit at my right hand, until I put thine enemies [as] footstool of thy feet.A praise song of David.
The Lord said to my lord, "Sit at my right side, while I put your enemies under your control."A Psalm of David.
[A Psalme of Dauid.] The Lord said vnto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand: vntil I make thine enemies thy footestoole.
The Lord says to my Lord, "Sit at My right side, for those who hate You will be a place to rest Your feet."
Of David. A Psalm.
The Lord says to my lord, "Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool."A Psalme of Dauid. The Lord said vnto my Lorde, Sit thou at my right hand, vntill I make thine enemies thy footestoole.
THE LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand until I make thine enemies thy footstool.
The Lord said to my lord, "Sit here at my right side until I put your enemies under your feet."
(109-1) <A psalm for David.> The Lord said to my Lord: Sit thou at my right hand: Until I make thy enemies thy footstool.
A Psalm of David. The LORD says to my lord: "Sit at my right hand, till I make your enemies your footstool."
God sayd vnto my Lorde: sit thou on my right hande, vntyll I make thyne enemies thy footestoole.
The Lord said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool.
This is the declaration of the Lordto my Lord:“Sit at my right handuntil I make your enemies your footstool.”
<> The LORD says to my Lord, "Sit at my right hand, Until I make your enemies your footstool for your feet."
Of David. A psalm.
A declaration of Yahweh to my lord, "Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool."A Psalm of David. A declaration of Jehovah to my Lord: Sit at My right hand, until I place Your enemies as Your footstool.
A Psalm of David. The affirmation of Jehovah to my Lord: `Sit at My right hand, Till I make thine enemies thy footstool.'
The LORDE sayde vnto my LORDE: Syt thou on my right hande, vntill I make thine enemies thy fotestole.
A David Prayer The word of God to my Lord: "Sit alongside me here on my throne until I make your enemies a stool for your feet." You were forged a strong scepter by God of Zion; now rule, though surrounded by enemies! Your people will freely join you, resplendent in holy armor on the great day of your conquest, Join you at the fresh break of day, join you with all the vigor of youth.
The LORD says to my Lord: "Sit at My right hand Until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet."
The LORD said to my Lord, "Sit at My right hand, Till I make Your enemies Your footstool."
A Psalm of David.
The Lord says to my Lord: "Sit at My right hand Until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet."Yahweh says to my Lord:"Sit at My right handUntil I put Your enemies as a footstool for Your feet."
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
am 2962, bc 1042 - Title This Psalm was probably composed by David after Nathan's prophetic address; and, from the grandeur of the subject and the sublimity of the expressions, it is evident that it can only refer, as the ancient Jews fully acknowledged, to the royal dignity, priesthood, victories, and triumphs of the MESSIAH.
The Lord: Psalms 8:1, Matthew 22:42-46, Mark 12:35-37, Luke 22:41
Sit: Mark 16:19, Acts 2:34, Ephesians 1:20-22, Hebrews 12:2, 1 Peter 3:22
until: Psalms 2:6-9, Psalms 45:6, Psalms 45:7, 1 Corinthians 15:25, Hebrews 1:3, Hebrews 1:13, Hebrews 10:12, Hebrews 10:13
Reciprocal: Genesis 48:14 - his right hand Numbers 4:30 - service Deuteronomy 20:13 - thou shalt smite Deuteronomy 33:7 - and be thou Joshua 5:14 - my lord Joshua 10:24 - put your feet Joshua 10:28 - them 2 Samuel 22:39 - General 2 Samuel 22:48 - that bringeth 1 Kings 2:19 - she sat 1 Kings 5:3 - put 1 Kings 10:18 - a great throne 1 Chronicles 17:10 - Moreover Psalms 8:6 - put Psalms 16:5 - thou Psalms 21:5 - honour Psalms 21:8 - General Psalms 45:1 - touching Psalms 47:3 - our feet Psalms 68:18 - ascended Psalms 72:9 - his enemies Psalms 80:17 - General Psalms 89:23 - plague Psalms 109:20 - Let this Psalms 110:5 - at thy Isaiah 9:6 - the government Isaiah 25:11 - he shall bring Isaiah 40:10 - his arm Isaiah 49:5 - yet Isaiah 50:7 - the Lord Isaiah 52:13 - he shall Isaiah 55:5 - he Jeremiah 30:21 - governor Daniel 1:21 - General Daniel 2:44 - set up Daniel 7:14 - given Micah 4:3 - and rebuke Zechariah 9:9 - behold Zechariah 12:8 - the house Malachi 3:1 - and Matthew 11:3 - Art Matthew 20:21 - the one Matthew 21:5 - thy King Matthew 22:44 - The Lord Matthew 25:33 - his Matthew 26:64 - the right Matthew 28:18 - All Mark 10:37 - sit Mark 12:36 - The Lord Mark 14:62 - the Son Luke 1:43 - my Luke 7:19 - Art Luke 20:42 - the Lord Luke 22:69 - on Luke 24:44 - in the psalms John 1:49 - the King John 5:27 - hath John 8:54 - it is John 17:2 - As Acts 2:30 - knowing Acts 3:13 - hath Acts 5:31 - hath Acts 7:55 - standing Acts 10:36 - he is Acts 26:6 - the promise Philippians 2:9 - God Philippians 2:11 - is Lord Colossians 3:1 - where 1 Peter 1:11 - the glory
Gill's Notes on the Bible
The Lord said unto my Lord,.... The Targum is,
"the Lord said in his Word.''
Galatinus q says the true Targum of Jonathan has it,
"the Lord said to his Word;''
and produces an authority for it. These are the words of Jehovah the Father to his Son the Messiah; the "Adon", or Lord, spoken of in Isaiah 6:1, the one Lord Jesus, and only Potentate; the Lord of all, the Lord of David, and of every believer; not by right of creation only, as of all mankind; but by redemption, having bought them; and by right of marriage, having espoused them; and by their own consent, they owning him to be their Lord. The words said to him by Jehovah, as follow, were said in his mind, in his eternal purpose and decree; which he, lying in his bosom, was privy, when he foreordained him to be the Redeemer; and in the council and covenant of peace, when he promised him this glory as the reward of his sufferings; and in the prophecies of the Old Testament, which speak as of the sufferings of Christ, so of the glory that should follow; and when the fact was done, when, after his death, resurrection, ascension, and entrance into heaven, he was placed, as follows:
Sit thou at my right hand; of power and majesty; expressive of the honour done to Christ, and the glory put on him in the human nature, such as angels nor any creature ever had, Hebrews 1:13, it being always accounted honourable to sit at the right hand of great personages, 1 Kings 2:19, and also of rule, and power, and authority; being upon the same throne with his Father, exercising the same government over angels and men; "sitting" is explained by "reigning" in
1 Corinthians 15:25. It also denotes having done his work, and to satisfaction; and therefore is set down, being entered into his rest, and having ceased from his work and labour, enjoying the presence of his divine Father; in which is fulness of joy, and at whose right hand are pleasures for evermore: and it also signifies the continuance of regal honour and power; he sits and continues a King as well as a Priest for ever.
Until I make thine enemies thy footstool; Christ has his enemies; all the enemies of his people are his; some are overcome already by him, as sin, Satan, and the world; and the Jews, his enemies, who would not have him to reign over them, have been destroyed: but as yet all things are not put under his feet, which will be; as antichrist, and the kings of the earth that are with him, who will be overcome by him; the beast and false prophet will be taken and cast into the lake of fire; where also the old serpent, the devil, after he has been bound and loosed, wall be cast likewise; and when the last enemy, death, shall be destroyed; till that time comes, Christ reigns and will reign, and afterwards too, even to all eternity. The allusion is to the custom of conquerors treading upon the necks of the conquered; see Joshua 10:24.
m Adv. Marcion. l. 5. c. 9. n In Midrash Tillim apud Yalkut in loc. o R. Moses Haddarsan & Arama in Galatiu. de Cath. Arean. Ver. l. 3. c. 17. & l. 8. c. 24. p Saadiah Gaon in Dan vii. 13. Nachman. Disput. cum Fratre Paulo, p. 36, 55. Abkath Rochel, p. 80. q De Cathol. Arean. Ver. l. 3. c. 5. & l. 8. c. 24.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
The Lord said unto my Lord - In the Hebrew, âSpake Jehovah to my Lord.â The word ×××× Yahweh is the incommunicable name of God. It is never given to a created being. The other word translated âLord - ××× × 'AdonaÌy - means one who has rule or authority; one of high rank; one who has dominion; one who is the owner or possessor, etc. This word is applied frequently to a creature. It is applied to kings, princes, rulers, masters. The phrase âmy Lordâ refers to someone who was superior in rank to the author of the psalm; one whom he could address as his superior. The psalm, therefore, cannot refer to David himself, as if Yahweh had said to him, âSit thou at my right hand.â Nor was there anyone on earth in the time of David to whom it could be applicable; anyone whom he would call his âLordâ or superior. If, therefore, the psalm was written by David, it must have reference to the Messiah - to one whom he owned as his superior - his Lord - his Sovereign. It cannot refer to God as if he were to have this rule over David, since God himself is referred to as âspeakingâ to him whom David called his Lord: âJehovah said unto my Lord.â The reasoning of the Saviour, therefore, in Matthew 22:43-45, was founded on a fair and just interpretation of the psalm, and was so plain and conclusive that the Pharisees did not attempt to reply to it. Matthew 22:46. See the notes at that passage. No other interpretation âcanâ be given to it, consistently with the proper rules of expounding language, unless it be shown that the psalm was not composed by David, and might, therefore, be applied to someone whom the author would acknowledge as his âLord.â But there is no evidence of this, and there is no one in the Old Testament history to whom the psalm would be applicable.
Sit thou at my right hand - The position of honor and of rank. Compare the notes at Psalms 16:8. See also Psalms 45:9; Mark 14:62; Luke 22:69; Acts 7:55; Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews 8:1. The phrase is properly applicable to the Messiah as exalted to the highest place in the universe - the right hand of God.
Until I make thine enemies thy footstool - Until they are entirely subdued under time. See the notes at Matthew 22:44. The enemies here referred to are the enemies of the Messiah considered as King (see Psalms 2:1-12); and the promise here is, that âhe must reign until he shall have put all enemies under his feet.â See the notes at 1 Corinthians 15:25.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
PSALM CX
The Messiah sits in his kingdom at the right hand of God, his
enemies being subdued under him, 1, 2.
The nature and extent of his government, 3.
His everlasting priesthood, 4.
His execution of justice and judgment, 5, 6.
The reason on which all this is founded, his passion and
exaltation, 7.
NOTES ON PSALM CX
The Hebrew, and all the Versions, except the Arabic, attribute this Psalm to David: nor can this be doubted, as it is thus attributed in the New Testament; see the places in the margin. We have in it the celebration of some great potentates accession to the crown; but the subject is so grand, the expressions so noble, and the object raised so far above what can be called human, that no history has ever mentioned a prince to whom a literal application of this Psalm can be made. To Jesus Christ alone, to his everlasting priesthood and government, as King of kings and Lord of lords, can it be applied.
The Jews, aware of the advantage which the Christian religion must derive from this Psalm, have laboured hard and in vain to give it a contrary sense. Some have attributed it to Eliezer, the servant or steward of Abraham; and state that he composed it on the occasion of his master's victory over the four kings at the valley of Shaveh, Genesis 14:14-17. Others say it was done by David, in commemoration of his victory over the Philistines. Others make Solomon the author. Some refer it to Hezekiah, and others to Zerubbabel, c.: but the bare reading of the Psalm will show the vanity of these pretensions. A King is described here who is David's Lord, and sits at the right hand of God a conqueror, reigning at Jerusalem, King from all eternity-having an everlasting priesthood, Judge of all nations, triumphing over all potentates, indefatigable in all his operations, and successful in all his enterprises. Where has there ever appeared a prince in whom all these characters met? There never was one, nor is it possible that there ever can be one such, the Person excepted to whom the Psalm is applied by the authority of the Holy Spirit himself. That the Jews who lived in the time of our Lord believed this Psalm to have been written by David, and that it spoke of the Messiah alone, is evident from this, that when our Lord quoted it, and drew arguments from it in favour of his mission, Matthew 22:42, they did not attempt to gainsay it. St. Peter, Acts 2:34, and St. Paul, 1 Corinthians 15:25; Hebrews 1:13; Hebrews 5:6; Hebrews 5:10; Hebrews 7:17; Hebrews 10:12-13, apply it to show that Jesus is the Messiah. Nor was there any attempt to contradict them; not even an intimation that they had misapplied it, or mistaken its meaning. Many of the later Jews also have granted that it applied to the Messiah, though they dispute its application to Jesus of Nazareth. All the critics and commentators whom I have consulted apply it to our Lord; nor does it appear to me to be capable of interpretation on any other ground. Before I proceed to take a general view of it, I shall set down the chief of the various readings found in the MSS. on this Psalm.
Psalms 110:1. Said unto my Lord. Instead of ×××× × ladoni, "my Lord," one MS. seems to have read ××××× layhovah, "Jehovah said unto Jehovah, 'Sit thou on my right hand,'" c. See De Rossi.
Thy footstool. ××× ×ר×××× hadom leragleycha, "the footstool to thy feet." But eight MSS. drop the prefix × le and read the word in the genitive case, with the Septuagint, Vulgate, and Arabic. Many also read the word in the singular number.
Psalms 110:3. Instead of ××××¨× ×§×ש behadrey kodesh, "in the beauties of holiness," ×××¨×¨× ×§×ש beharerey kodesh, "in the mountains of holiness," is the reading of thirty-four of Kennicott's MSS., and fifty-three of those of De Rossi, and also of several printed editions.
Instead of ××××ª× yaldutheca, "of thy youth," ×××ת×× yaladticha, "I have begotten thee," is the reading, as to the consonants, of sixty-two of Kennicott's and twenty-three of De Rossi's MSS., and of some ancient editions, with the Septuagint, Arabic, and Anglo-Saxon.
Psalms 110:4. After the order, ×¢× ×××¨×ª× al dibrathi, ×××¨×ª× dibratho, "HIS order," is the reading of twelve of Kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS.
Psalms 110:5. The Lord, ××× × adonai: but ×××× Yehovah is the reading of a great number of the MSS. in the above collections.
Psalms 110:6. Instead of ××××× baggoyim, "among the heathens" or nations, ×××× goyim, "he shall judge the heathen," is the reading of one ancient MS.
Instead of ר×ש rosh, "the head," ר××©× rashey, "the heads," is the reading of one MS., with the Chaldee, Septuagint, Vulgate, and Anglo-Saxon.
Psalms 110:7. For ×ר×× yarim, "he shall lift up," ×ר×× yarom, "shall be lifted up," is the reading of six MSS. and the Syriac.
Instead of ר×ש rosh, "THE head," ר××©× rosho, "HIS head," is the reading of two MSS. and the Syriac.
A few add ×××× ×× halelu Yah, "Praise ye Jehovah;" but this was probably taken from the beginning of the following Psalm.
The learned Venema has taken great pains to expound this Psalm: he considers it a Divine oracle, partly relating to David's Lord, and partly to David himself.
1. David's Lord is here inducted to the highest honour, regal and sacerdotal, with the promise of a most flourishing kingdom, founded in Zion, but extending every where, till every enemy should be subdued.
2. David is here promised God's protection; that his enemies shall never prevail against him; but he must go through many sufferings in order to reach a state of glory.
3. The time in which this oracle or prophecy was delivered was probably a little after the time when David had brought home the ark, and before he had his wars with the neighbouring idolatrous nations. The kingdom was confirmed in his hand; but it was not yet extended over the neighbouring nations.
Verse Psalms 110:1. The Lord said unto my Lord — Jehovah said unto my Adonai. That David's Lord is the Messiah, is confirmed by our Lord himself and by the apostles Peter and Paul, as we have already seen.
Sit thou at my right hand — This implies the possession of the utmost confidence, power, and preeminence.
Until I make thine enemies — Jesus shall reign till all his enemies are subdued under him. Jesus Christ, as GOD, ever dwelt in the fulness of the Godhead; but it was as God-man that, after his resurrection, he was raised to the right hand of the Majesty on high, ever to appear in the presence of God for us.
