Leviticus 11:19

Christian Standard Bible ®

storks,

Parallel Translations

Hebrew Names Version
the khasidah, any kind of heron, the dukifat, and the atalef.

King James Version
And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.

Lexham English Bible
and the stork, the heron according to its kind and the hoopoe and the bat.

New Century Version
storks, any kind of heron, hoopoes, or bats.

New English Translation
the stork, the her on of any kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

Amplified Bible
the stork, all kinds of heron, the hoopoe, and the bat.

New American Standard Bible
the stork, the heron in its kinds, the hoopoe, and the bat.

Geneva Bible (1587)
The storke also, the heron after his kinde, and the lapwing, and the backe:

Legacy Standard Bible
and the stork, the heron in its kinds, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

Complete Jewish Bible
the stork, the various kinds of herons, the hoopoe and the bat.

Darby Translation
and the stork; the heron after its kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

Easy-to-Read Version
storks, all kinds of herons, hoopoes, and bats.

English Standard Version
the stork, the heron of any kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

George Lamsa Translation
And the heron and the peacock.

Literal Translation
and the stork, the heron according to its kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

Miles Coverdale Bible (1535)
the Heron, ye Iaye with his kynde, the Lapwynge, and ye Swalowe.

American Standard Version
and the stork, the heron after its kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

Bible in Basic English
The stork and the heron, and birds of that sort, and the hoopoe and the bat.

Bishop's Bible (1568)
The Storke, the Iay after his kinde, the Lapwyng, and the Swalowe.

JPS Old Testament (1917)
and the stork, and the heron after its kinds, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

King James Version (1611)
And the Storke, the Heron after her kinde, and the Lapwing, and the Batte.

Brenton's Septuagint (LXX)
and the heron, and the lapwing, and the like to it, and the hoopoe and the bat.

English Revised Version
and the stork, the heron after its kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

Berean Standard Bible
the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, or the bat.

Wycliffe Bible (1395)
a fawcun, a iay bi his kynde; a leepwynke, and a reremows.

Young's Literal Translation
and the stork, the heron after its kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.

Update Bible Version
and the stork, the heron after its kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

Webster's Bible Translation
And the stork, and the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.

World English Bible
the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, and the bat.

New King James Version
the stork, the heron after its kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

New Living Translation
the stork, herons of all kinds, the hoopoe, and the bat.

New Life Bible
the stork, every kind of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.

New Revised Standard
the stork, the heron of any kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

J.B. Rotherham Emphasized Bible
and the stork, and the parrot, after its kind, - and the mountain-cock and the bat.

Douay-Rheims Bible
The heron, and the charadroin according to its kind, the houp also, and the bat.

Revised Standard Version
the stork, the heron according to its kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

New American Standard Bible (1995)
and the stork, the heron in its kinds, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

Contextual Overview

⁹“This is what you may eat from all that is in the water: You may eat everything in the water that has fins and scales, whether in the seas or streams. ¹⁰But these are to be abhorrent to you: everything in the seas or streams that does not have fins and scales among all the swarming things and other living creatures in the water. ¹¹They are to remain abhorrent to you; you must not eat any of their meat, and you must abhor their carcasses. ¹²Everything in the water that does not have fins and scales will be abhorrent to you. ¹³“You are to abhor these birds. They must not be eaten because they are abhorrent: ¹⁴kites, ¹⁵every kind of raven, ¹⁶ostriches, ¹⁷little owls, cormorants, ¹⁸barn owls, eagle owls,

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

bat: Isaiah 2:20, Isaiah 66:17

Reciprocal: Job 39:13 - wings and feathers unto the Psalms 104:17 - as for

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And the stork,..... A bird of passage, Jeremiah 8:7 it has its name from kindness, which it exercises both to its dam, and to its young. Various writers b speak of the kindness of these birds to their dams, which when they are old they take care of and feed them, to which the apostle is thought to allude, 1 Timothy 5:4 and its tenderness to its young is no less manifest: when the city of Delf in Holland was on fire, the storks were seen very busy to save their young from the flames, and which when they could not do, threw themselves into the midst of them, and perished with them, as Drusius from the Dutch historians relates. It is said to feed upon serpents; and hence by Virgil c to be "invisa colubris"; and Juvenal d says, it nourishes its young with them; and which may be a reason of its being forbid to be eaten, and is the reason given by the Mahometans e for the prohibition of it; though on this account it was in great honour in Thessaly, that country being freed from serpents by it, and therefore they made it a capital crime to kill them, as Pliny f relates; formerly people would not eat the stork, but at present it is much esteemed for the deliciousness of its flesh g

the heron after her kind; this bird has its name in Hebrew from its being soon angry, as Aben Ezra observes; and Jarchi calls it the angry vulture or kite, as it is in the Talmud h; and adds, and it appears to me to be what they call the "heron", one sort of which named "asterias", as there is one sort so called by Pliny i; it becomes tame in Egypt, and so well understands the voice of a man, as Aelianus k reports, that if anyone by way of reproach calls it a servant or slothful, it is immediately exceeding angry. There are three kinds of herons, as both Aristotle l and Pliny m; and by a learned man of ours n, their names are thus given, the criel or dwarf heron, the blue heron, and the bittour; some reckon nineteen:

and the lapwing; the upupa or hoopoe; it has its name in Hebrew, according to Jarchi, from its having a double crest; and so Pliny o ascribes to it a double or folded crest, and speaks of it as a filthy bird; and, according to Aristotle p and Aelian q, its nest is chiefly made of human dung, that by the ill smell of it men may be kept from taking its young; and therefore may well be reckoned among impure fowl. Calmet r says, there is no such thing as a lapwing to be seen in any part of England; but there are such as we call so, whether the same bird with this I cannot say:

and the bat; a little bird which flies in the night, Aben Ezra says; Kimchi s describes it a mouse with wings, which flies in the night, and we sometimes call it the "flitter mouse"; it is a creature between a fowl and a beast; and, as Aristotle says t, it partakes of both, and is of neither; and it is the only fowl, as Pliny u observes, that has teeth and teats, that brings forth animals, and nourishes them with milk. It is a creature so very disagreeable, that one would think almost there was no need of a law to forbid the eating of it; and yet it is said by some to be eatable, and to be eaten, as Strabo w affirms, yea, to be delicious food. It is asserted x, that there is a sort of them in the east, larger than ordinary, and is salted and eaten--that there are bats in China as large as pullets, and are as delicate eating. Of these several fowls before mentioned, some are of the ravenous kind, and are an emblem of persecutors and covetous persons, and such as live by rapine and violence; others are of a lustful nature, and are an emblem of those who serve various lusts and pleasures, and give up themselves to uncleanness; others are night birds, and are a proper emblem of them whose works are works of darkness, and love darkness rather than the light; and others never rise higher than the earth, and so may denote earthly minded persons; and others live on impure things, and so fitly represent such who live an impure life; with all such the people of God are to have no fellowship.

b Aristot. Hist. Animal. l. 9. c. 13. Aelian. de Animal. l. 3. c. 23. & l. 10. c. 16. Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 10. c. 23. c Georgic. l. 2. d Satyr. 14. e Apud Bochart. ut supra, (Hierozoic. par. 2. l. 2.) c. 29. col. 329. f Ut supra. (Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 10. c. 23.) g Calmet in the word "Stork". h T. Bab. Cholin, fol. 63. 1. i Ut supra, (f) c. 60. so Aristot. l. 9. c. 1. k De Animal. l. 5. c. 36. l Hist. Animal. l. 9. c. 1. m Ut supra. (Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 10. c. 23.) n Ainsworth's Dictionary, in voce "Ardea". o Nat. Hist. l. 10. c. 29. p Hist. Animal. l. 9. c. 15. q De Animal. l. 3. c. 26. r Dictionary, in the word "Lapwing". s Sepher Shorash. in voc. עטלף. t De Part. Animal. l. 4. c. 13. u Nat. Hist. l. 10. c. 61. l. 11. c. 37. w Geograph. l. 16. x Calmet's Dictionary in the word "Bat".

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

As far as they can be identified, the birds here mentioned are such as live upon animal food. They were those which the Israelites might have been tempted to eat, either from their being easy to obtain, or from the example of other nations, and which served as types of the entire range of prohibited kinds.

Leviticus 11:13

The eagle - Rather, the great vulture, which the Egyptians are known to have ranked as the first among birds. Compare 2 Samuel 1:23; Psalms 103:5; Proverbs 23:5, etc.

The Ossifrage, or bone-breaker, was the lammer-geyer, and the “ospray” (a corruption of ossifrage) the sea-eagle.

Leviticus 11:14

The vulture - Rather, the (black) kite Isaiah 34:15 : “the kite,” rather the red kite, remarkable for its piercing sight Job 28:7.

Leviticus 11:15

Every raven after his kind - i. e. the whole family of corvidae.

Leviticus 11:16

And the owl ... - Rather, “and the ostrich, and the owl, and the gull, and the hawk,” etc.

Leviticus 11:18

The swan - More probably the ibis, the sacred bird of the Egyptians. “The gier eagle” is most likely the Egyptian vulture, a bird of unprepossessing appearance and disgusting habits, but fostered by the Egyptians as a useful scavenger.

Leviticus 11:19

The heron ... the lapwing - Rather, the great plover the hoopoe, so called from its peculiar cry.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Leviticus 11:19. The stork — חסידה chasidah, from חסד chasad, which signifies to be abundant in kindness, or exuberant in acts of beneficence; hence applied to the stork, because of its affection to its young, and its kindness in tending and feeding its parents when old; facts attested by the best informed and most judicious of the Greek and Latin natural historians. See Bochart, Scheuchzer, and Parkhurst, under the word חסד chasad. It is remarkable for destroying and eating serpents, and on this account might be reckoned by Moses among unclean birds.

The heron — אנפה anaphah. This word has been variously understood: some have rendered it the kite, others the woodcock, others the curlew, some the peacock, others the parrot, and others the crane. The root אנף anaph, signifies to breathe short through the nostrils, to snuff, as in anger; hence to be angry: and it is supposed that the word is sufficiently descriptive of the heron, from its very irritable disposition. It will attack even a man in defence of its nest; and I have known a case where a man was in danger of losing his life by the stroke of a heron's bill, near the eye, who had climbed up into a high tree to take its nest. Bochart supposes a species of the eagle to be meant, vol. iii., col. 335.

The lapwing — דוכיפת duchiphath, the upupa, hoopoe, or hoop, a crested bird, with beautiful plumage, but very unclean. See Bochart, and Scheuchzer. Concerning the genuine meaning of the original, there is little agreement among interpreters.

The bat — עטלף atalleph, so called, according to Parkhurst, from עט at, to fly, and עלף alaph, darkness or obscurity, because it flies about in the dusk of the evening, and in the night: so the Septuagint νυκτερις, from νυξ, the night; and the Vulgate vespertilio, from vesper, the evening. This being a sort of monster partaking of the nature of both a bird and beast, it might well be classed among unclean animals, or animals the use of which in food should be avoided.