Bible Lexicons

The verb is only found in perf. pass. in LXX, and only twice (Exodus 7:14, 2 Maccabees 13:9) : see Thackeray Gr. i. p. 261. Similarly in NT we have only the passive, but the present and aorist are used. The record fits its early history, for βεβαρημένος is the oldest form after the Homeric βεβαρηώς ; and Hippocrates is the first to use βαρέεται . See Anz Subsidia, p. 266 ff. Instances of the active are late in appearing. Anz quotes Lucian’s censure on βαρεῖν for βαρύνειν , and mentions CIG 5853.15 (A.D. 174) ἵνα μὴ τὴν πόλιν βαρῶμεν . MGr has βαρῶ , ";strike,"; as well as βαρειοῦμαι , ";be weary of"; (Thumb Handbook, p. 321).

The use of the verb in the papyri tallies with this record. Thus P Tebt II. 327.25 (late ii/A.D.), γ ]υνὴ οὖσα ἀβοήθητος πο ̣[λλο ]ῖς ἔτεσι βεβαρημένη , ";a defenceless woman weighted with many years"; (Edd.), P Oxy VI. 939.23 (iv/A.D.) ήνίκα ἐβαρεῖτο τῇ νόσῳ . It becomes a formula in a group of documents relating to taxation. P Giss 1.4.11 (A.D. 118) αὐτοί τε βεβαρημένοι πολλῶι χρόνωι δημ ̣οσ ̣ίοις [ . . . ], ib. 6.7 (A.D. 117) αὐτὸς δ ̣ὲ βαροῦμαι τῷ ἐκφορίῳ : so ib. 6ii. 10, two documents in Archiv v. p 245 f., and another in P Ryl II. 96.8, all with the same phraseology, and dated about the same time. Similarly P Brem 73.5 (in Chrest. I, p. 277) (c. A.D. 117) ὅπως μὴ βαρηθῶσιν ἢ παραπραχθῶσιν οἱ ἐνχώριοι ἢ συκοφαντηθῶσιν , Syll 418.85 (A.D. 238) ἐὰν βαρούμεθα (needlessly emended -ώμεθα ), φευξόμεθα ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων (query οἰκ (ε )ιῶν ?) καὶ μεγίστην ζημίαν τὸ ταμεῖον περιβληθήσεται , ib. 422.3 (iv/A.D.) ὁ νομίζων βαρῖσθαι δέει τοῦ δικαστοῦ . These illustrate the use in 1 Timothy 5:16 : cf. also CIG 5853.15 (= OGIS 595.15) as above. Other examples of the verb from the inscriptions are Kaibel 335.4 θνήσκω ] δ᾽ οὐχὶ ν [όσ ]ῳ βεβαρημένος , 608.6 (ii/iii A.D.) κεῖτε δ [ὴ ] γήρᾳ βεβαρη [μέ ]νος . In Anth. Pal. vii. 290 we have πυμάτῳ βεβαρημένου ὕπνῳ : cf. Matthew 26:43, Luke 9:32. The curious list of prognostications to be drawn from involuntary twitchings, P Ryl I. 28.164 ff. (iv/A.D.), has σφυρὸν εὐώνυμον ἐὰν ἅληται ἐν κρίσει βαρη [θ ]ε ̣ι ̣̣ς ἔσται καὶ ἐκφεύξεται , ";if the left ankle quiver he will be burdened with a trial, and will be acquitted"; (Ed.). This metaphorical usage, as in 2 Corinthians 1:8; 2 Corinthians 5:4, may be further illustrated from P Oxy III. 525.3 (early ii/A.D.) where, with reference to a voyage he was undertaking the writer complains—καθ᾽ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν βαροῦμαι δι᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ λείαν τω ̣̑ πράγματι καταξύομαι , ";every day I am burdened on account of it and I am extremely worn out with the matter"; (Edd.). Further instances of the active are P Oxy VIII. 1159.2 (late iii/A.D.) ἵνα μὴ βα ̣ρήσω ̣ αὐτῷ ὀφωνίου , ";that I may not trouble him about provisions"; (Ed.), and the late ib. I. 126.8 (A.D. 572), where one Stephanous undertakes βαρέσαι τὸ ἐμὸν ὄνομα , ";to burden herself,"; with certain imposts hitherto paid by her father. See also ib. X. 1224 Fr. 2 rectoii. 2 (uncanonical Gospel—iv/A.D.) με ἐβάρησεν , ";overcame me,"; where the editor suggests φόβος or λύπη as a possible subject, as well as ὕπνος (cf. the citation from the Anth. Pal. above).

 

 

βαρεισθω βαρείσθω βαρήθημεν βαρηθωσιν βαρηθῶσιν βαρουμενοι βαρούμενοι βεβαρημενοι βεβαρημένοι βεβάρηται εβαρηθημεν ἐβαρήθημεν bareistho bareisthō bareístho bareísthō barethosin barethôsin barēthōsin barēthō̂sin baroumenoi baroúmenoi bebaremenoi bebareménoi bebarēmenoi bebarēménoi ebarethemen ebarēthēmen ebarḗthemen ebarḗthēmen