Bible Lexicons

For this important word we may begin by citing a few exx. of the common meaning ";substance,"; ";property,"; ";effects"; : P Oxy III. 488.17 (ii/iii A.D.) πλέον τῆς ὑποστάσεως μου ἐν ὅλῃ ἀρούρῃ μιᾷ, ";more land than I actually possess by one whole aroura"; (Edd.), ib. X. 1274.15 (iii/A.D.) ἀπὸ δὲ ταύτης τῆ [ς ] ὑποστάσεως δηλῶ ὀφείλειν τὸν ἄνδρα μου ἐμοὶ. . ., ";and out of this estate I declare that my husband owes me. . .,"; (Edd.), P Flor I. 50.9 (A.D. 268) τέ [ταρτον μ ]έρος ὑποστάσεως, P Oxy I. 138.26 (A.D. 610–611) κινδύνῳ ἐμῷ καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ὑποστάσεως, ";at the risk of myself and my property,"; similarly .31, and ib. 139.28 (A.D. 612), and P Lond IV. 1343.1 (A.D. 709) σὺν ταῖς φαμηλίαις καὶ ὑποστ [άσεσιν, ";with their families and effects."; Note also P Petr III. 69 (a), p. 195. The document unfortunately is much mutilated, but it has been taken as meaning that ";the owner of certain dovecots had underestimated their value in his ὑπόστασις, and that the officials were directed to sell his property and pay the difference to the treasury."; In P Tebt 1.61 (b).194 (B.C. 118) τῆς ἐν τῶι κ ̄γ ̄ (ἔτει) ἀπὸ τῶν ἀπολειπου ]σῶν παρὰ τὰς ὑπ [οστάσεις τοῦ ι ̄β ̄ (ἔτους), the editors translate, ";concerning the land which was returned in the 23rd year as part of that which failed to come up to the expectations formed in the 12th"; : the same phrase occurs in ib. 72.111 (B.C. 114–3).

On P Eleph 15.3 (B.C. 223) οἱ δ ̣̕ ῢ ̣̣π ̣ο ̣γεγραμμένοι γεωργοὶ ἐπέδωκαν ἡμῖν ὑπόστασιν, Rubensohn remarks that ὑπόστασις is the substantive of ὑφίστασθαι in a corresponding sense : it seems to mean a written undertaking. Cf. also P Cornell 50.6 (i/A.D.) κἂν μὲν ὑπόστασιν λάβῃς, δήλωσόν μοι, where, as the editors point out, the context requires ";agreement of sale,"; rather than ";declaration of property."; For the latter meaning we may cite P Tebt II. 336.7 (c. A.D. 190) ἔστιν ὑποστάσεως τῆς κώ [μης. . . ";the amount standing in the name of the village. . ."; (Edd.), and the fragmentary P Fay 343 (ii/A.D.), a list of villages with amounts in kind under the heading ὑπόστασις. Still one other passage may be noted, P Oxy II. 237 viii. 26 (A.D. 186) ταῖς τῶν ἀνδρῶν ὑπο ̣σ ̣τ ̣α ̣σεσ ̣ι ̣ν, where, according to GH (p. 176), ὑπόστασις stands for ";the whole body of documents bearing on the ownership of a person’s properly, deposited in the archives, and forming the evidence of ownership.";

These varied uses are at first sight somewhat perplexing, but in all cases there is the same central idea of something that underlies visible conditions and guarantees a future possession. And as this is the essential meaning in Hebrews 11:1, we venture to suggest the translation ";Faith is the title-deed of things hoped for."; In Hebrews 1:3, on the other hand, the notion of underlying is applied in a different way. The history of the theological term ";substance"; is discussed by T, B. Strong in JTS ii. (1901), p. 224 ff., and iii. (1902), p. 22 ff.

For an ex. of the adj. cf. the Andania mysteries-inscr. Syll 653 ( = .3736).50 (B.C. 92) καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν πρωτομυστᾶν τὸ ὑποστατικόν, where Dittenberger notes : ";Ab ὑποστῆναι, ‘subire, in se suscipere.’ Pecunia est quam πρωτομύσται dare debent cum haec dignitas in eos confertur";—a fee on undertaking office.

 

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