the Week of Proper 28 / Ordinary 33
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3037 - λίθος
- Thayer
- Strong
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- a stone
- of small stones
- of building stones
- metaph. of Christ
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λίθος [ ῐ], ου, o((v. infr. 11),
I
1. stone, Hom., etc.; esp. of the stones thrown by warriors, τρηχὺς λ., λ. ὀκριόεις, Il. 5.308, 8.327; also, stonequoit, Od. 8.190; ἑλέσθαι.. ἐκ γαίας λίθον A. Fr. 199.4; of building- stones, λίθοι βασιλικοί PSI 4.423.28, PCair.Zen. 499.20 (both iii B.C.): prov., ἐν παντὶ γάρ τοι σκορπίος φρουρεῖ λίθῳ S. Fr. 37; λίθον ἕψειν 'to lose one's labour', Ar. V. 280; also of stupid persons, 'blockheads', λίθοι Id. Nu. 1202, cf. Thgn. 568, Pl. Hp.Ma. 292d, Gal. 9.656; λ. τις, ou) dou/lh Herod. 6.4; προσηγορεύθη διὰ τὸ μὴ φρονεῖν λ., of Niobe, Philem. 101; ὥσπερ λίθον ζῆν Pl. Grg. 494a sq.; λίθῳ λαλεῖς prov. of ἀναίσθητοι, Macar. 5.61.
2. stone as a substance, opp. wood, flesh, etc., ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι λ. χρὼς οὐδὲ σίδηρος Il. 4.510; λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε turned into stone, petrified, 24.611, cf. Pl. Smp. 198c; so [ νῆα] θεῖναι λ. Od. 13.156; as an emblem of hard-heartedness, σοὶ δ' αἰεὶ κραδίη στερεωτέρη ἐστὶ λίθοιο 23.103, cf. Theoc. 3.18.
II
1. λίθος, ἡ, twice in Hom., Il. 12.287, Od. 19.494, just like masc., also in Theoc. 7.26, Bion Fr. 1.2: later mostly of some special stone, as the magnet is called Μαγνῆτις λ. by E. Fr. 567 (but ἡ λίθος simply in Democr. 11k, Arist. Ph. 267a2, cf. v.l. de An. 405a20); also Λυδία λ. by S. Fr. 800 (but in B. Fr. 10 J. Λυδία λ. = touchstone); Ἡρακλεία λ. by Pl. Ion 533d, Epicur. Fr. 293; so of a touchstone, Pl. Grg. 486d; ἡ διαφανὴς λ. a piece of crystal used for a burning-glass, Ar. Nu. 767, cf. Luc. Alex. 21; χυτὴ λ. was perh. a kind of glass, and so an older name for ὕαλος, Epin. 1.8 (the same thing as the ἀρτήματα λίθινα χυτά in Hdt. 2.69; cf. τὴν ὕαλον.. ὅσα τε λίθων χυτὰ εἴδη καλεῖται Pl. Ti. 61c); λ. = precious stone is fem. in Hp. Nat.Mul. 99, IG 22.1421.92, 1460.21, but masc. in Hdt. 2.44, etc.; in the sense of marble mostly masc., λευκὸς λ. Id. 4.87 (simply λίθος 1.164), S. Fr. 330 (λευκοὶ λ. is opp. πέτρινοι λ. Supp.Epigr. 4.446.8 (Didyma)); Πάριος λ. Pi. N. 4.81, Hdt. 3.57; Ταινάριος λ. Str. 8.5.7; λ. Θάσιος, Αἰγύπτιος, etc., Paus. 1.18.6, etc.; κογχίτης Id. 1.44.6; κογχυλιάτης X. An. 3.4.10; but Παρία λ. Theoc. 6.38, Luc. Am. 13; cf. λυχνίας, -ίτης; πώρινος λ. tufa, Hdt. 5.62.
2. collectively, πέφυκε λίθος.. ἄφθονος, ἐξ οὗ.. X. Vect. 1.4.
III
1. grave-stone (fem.), Call. Epigr. 8.1. at Athens, λίθος, ὁ, was a name for various blocks of stone used for rostra or platforms, as, 1 the βῆμα (q.v.) of the Pnyx, Ar. Ach. 683, Pax 680, Ec. 87.
2. another in the ἀγορά used by the κήρυκες, Plu So 8; prob. the same as ὁ πρατὴρ λ., on which the auctioneer stood when selling slaves, etc., Poll. 3.78, cf. 126.
3. an altar in the ἀγορά, at which the Thesmothetae, arbitrators, and witnesses took their oaths, Philoch. 65, D. 54.26 (restored from Harp. s.v. cross λίθος), Arist. Ath. 7.1, 55.5, Plu. Sol. 25; cf. λιθωμότης.
4. two stones on which litigants stood in the Areopagus, Paus. 1.28.5. piece on a draughtboard, Alc. 82, Theoc. 6.18, cf. γραμμή 111.1: hence pron., πάντα λίθον κινεῖν Zen. 5.63 (who explains it differently). Medic., stone in the bladder, calculus, Arist. HA 519b19, Hp. Morb. 4.55, al. Δία λίθον ὀμνύναι, = Lat. Jovem lapidem jurare, Plb. 3.25.6. λίθοι χαλάζης hail- stones, LXX John 10:11. λ. ὁ οὐ λ. the philosophers' stone, Zos. Alch. p.122 B.
λίθος, λίθου, ὁ, the Sept. for אֶבֶן (from Homer down); a stone: of small stones, Matthew 4:6; Matthew 7:9; Luke 3:8; 4:(
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λίθος , -ον , ὁ
(and, in Att.., of precious stones, ἡ .),
[in LXX for H68, Genesis 11:3, al.; λ . τίμιος , for H6337, Psalms 19:10; Psalms 21:3, Proverbs 8:19, al.;]
a stone: Matthew 4:6, al.; pl., Matthew 3:9, al.; at the entrance of a tomb, Matthew 27:60; Matthew 27:66; Matthew 28:2, Mark 15:46; Mark 16:3-4, Luke 24:2, John 11:38; John 11:32; John 11:41; John 20:1; λ . μυλικός , Luke 17:2, cf. Revelation 18:21; of building stones, Matthew 21:42, (44), Matthew 24:2, Mark 12:10; Mark 13:1-2, Luke 19:44; Luke 20:17-18; Luke 21:5-6 Acts 4:11, 1 Peter 2:7; metaph., of Christ, λ . ἀκρογωναῖος , ἐκλεκτός , ἔντιμος , 1 Peter 2:6 (LXX); λ . ζῶν , 1 Peter 2:4; προσκόμματος , 1 Peter 2:8, Romans 9:33; of Christians, λ . ζῶντες , 1 Peter 2:5; of precious stones, λ . τίμιος , Revelation 17:4; Revelation 18:12; Revelation 18:16; Revelation 21:11; Revelation 21:19; ἴασπις , Revelation 4:3; ἐνδεδυμένοι λ . καθαρόν , Revelation 15:6 (λίνον , Rec., R, mg., v. Swete, in l); metaph., λ . τίμιοι , 1 Corinthians 3:12; of the tables of the law, 2 Corinthians 3:7; of idols, Acts 17:29.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
λίθος is always masc. in the NT even when it means a gem (Revelation 21:11 al., LXX), whereas Attic after B.C. 385 preferred the fem. (Meisterhans Gr. p. 129). This is in keeping with the Κοινή usage, e.g. P Petr II. 13 (6).6 (B.C. 258–253) τοὺς λίθους of stones for building, P Oxy III. 498.7 (ii/A.D.) τῶν οἰκοδομουμένων λίθων κύβων καμηλικῶν, ";squared building-Stones transportable by camel (?)"; (Edd.), ib. 528.12 (illit.—ii/A.D.) ἔπεμσάς μυ ἐπιστολὰς δυν ̣αμένου λίθον σα ̣λ ̣ευ ̣ͅσε, ";you sent me letters which would have shaken a stone"; (Edd.), P Tebt II. 342.17 (late ii/A.D.) κεραμεῖον. . λίθοις ἀρεστοῖς ἐξηρτισμ (ένον), ";a pottery fitted with stones in good order"; (Edd.), P Oxy X. 1273.7 f. (A.D. 260) περιτραχήλιον. . ἔχον λίθον ὁλκῆς χωρὶς τοῦ [λί ]θ [ο ]υ τετάρτων δεκατριῶν, ";a necklace having a stone and weighing apart from the stone 13 quarters"; (Edd.), OGIS 90.54 (Rosetta stone—B.C. 196) σ ]τερεοῦ λίθου, Preisigke 1114.3 (A.D. 147–8) ἐκόψαμεν τοὺς μεγάλους λίθους. In connexion with the imprecatory inscrr. on limestone found in Palestine, Wünsch remarks that limestone had probably a superstitious significance there, though of what kind we do not know, and compares the ";white stone"; (ψῆφον λευκήν) with a ";new"; spell given as an amulet in Revelation 2:17 : see Bliss and Macalister Excavations in Palestine, 1902, p. 186. Reference should also be made to the striking new saying ascribed to Jesus, P Oxy I. 1 No. 5 ἔγει [ρ ]ον τὸν λίθον κἀκεῖ εὑρήσεις με, σχίσον τὸ ξύλον κἀγὼ ἐκεῖ εἰμί, though we cannot enter here upon its interpretation.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
