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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2087 - ἕτερος
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- the other, another, other
- to number
- to number as opposed to some former person or thing
- the other of two
- to quality
- another: i.e. one not of the same nature, form, class, kind, different
- to number
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
did not use
this Strong's Number
ἕτερος, α, ον,
I
1. only Att. - Ion. with ἕ-, Dor. ἅτερος [ᾰ] IG 4.914.9 (Epid.), etc. (and Att. in crasis, v.infr.), Aeol. ἄτερος Alc. 41.5, etc.: — but ἅτερος [ᾱ], Att. crasis for ὁ ἅτερος, Com.Adesp. 14.23 D., al., Ion. οὕτερος (fr. ὁ ἕτ -) Hdt. 1.34, etc., Dor. ὥτερος Theoc. 7.36; neut. θάτερον A. Ag. 344, And. 2.7, etc., Ion. τοὔτερον Hdt. 1.32: pl. ἅτεροι, for οἱ ἅτεροι, Arist. Pol. 1255a20; θάτερα S. El. 345, Th. 1.87, etc.; gen. θατέρου S. Ph. 597, etc., Ion. τοὐτέρου Semon. 7.113, Dor. θατέρω Ti.Locr. 94a, θωτέρω Epich. 71 (dub. l.); dat. θατέρῳ A. Pr. 778; fem. nom. ἡτέρα IG 22.1498.76, 1615.14,87 (iv B.C.), S. OC 497, Ar. Lys. 85, 90 codd., Paus.Gr. Fr. 82; dat. θητέρᾳ S. OT 782, Tr. 272, E. Hipp. 894, Ar. Av. 1365, etc., cf. Paus.Gr. l.c. (in Mss. sts. θατέρᾳ), Ion. τἠτέρῃ Phoen. 5.2. — Later masc. and fem. θάτερος, θατέρα, even with the Art., Men. 846, Chrysipp. ap. Paus.Gr. Fr. 82, Lyc. 590, Polem. Cyn. 4, Luc. D Mort. 26.1 (condemned in Pseudol. 29), Gp. 14.20.2, etc.; τῶν θατέρων Iamb. in Nic. p.83 P.; θάτερον acc. sg. masc., E. Ion [849]. I one or the other of two, usu. c. Art. exc. in Poets; freq. of natural pairs, σκαιῇ (sc. χειρὶ) ἔγχος ἔχων, ἑτέρηφι δὲ λάζετο πέτρον Il. 16.734; τῇ ἑτέρῃ μὲν.. τῇ δ' ἑτέρῃ.. 14.272, cf. X. Cyn. 10.11; χειρὶ ἑτέρῃ with one hand, Il. 12.452, Od. 10.171 (but χεὶρ ἑτέρη commonly of the left hand, v. infr. IV.I); ἑτέροιο διὰ κροτάφοιο Il. 4.502; χωλὸς δ' ἕτερον πόδα 2.217, cf. Ar. Ec. 162, Din. 1.82; ἀμφότεραι αἱ γνάθοι, ἢ ἡ ἑτέρα X. Eq. 1.9; ἐκκοπεὶς τὸν ἕ. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν D.H. 5.23; εἰς γόνυ θάτερον Philostr. Im. 2.20; of pairs in general, Il. 5.258, etc.; τὴν ἑ. πύλην one of the two gates, Hdt. 3.156; ὁ ἕ. τῶν στρατηγῶν Th. 4.43; τὸ ἕ. τοῖν δυοῖν τειχοῖν Id. 7.24: freq. of alternatives presented, τῶνδε τὰ ἕ. ποιέειν Hdt. 4.126; ἑλοῦ γε θάτερ', ἢ.. ἢ.. S. El. 345; τοῖνδ' ἑλοῦ δυοῖν πότμοιν τὸν ἕ. E. Ph. 952; δυοῖν ἀγαθοῖν τοῦ ἑτέρου τεύξεσθαι Th. 4.28; δυοῖν θάτερα, ἢ.. ἢ.. Pl. Tht. 187c; ὅταν δυοῖν καλοῖν θάτερον κάλλιον ᾖ, ἢ τῷ ἑτέρῳ τούτοιν ἢ ἀμφοτέροις ὑπερβάλλον κάλλιόν ἐστιν Id. Grg. 475a: in pl., one of two parties or sets, Od. 11.258; τῶν ἕτεροί γε παῖδα κλαύσονται one set of parents, either mine or thine, Il. 20.210; δώῃ δ' ἑτέροισί γε νίκην 7.292; ἑτέροισι δὲ κῦδος ἔδωκαν 13.303: freq. with neg., οὐδ' ἕτεροι 11.71.
2. in double clauses ἕτερος (in Prose always ὁ ἕτερος) is generally repeated; ἑ. μὲν δουρὶ.., τῷ δ' ἑ. 21.164; τὸν ἕ., ἕ. δὲ.. Od. 5.266; ἕ. λευκόν, ἑτέρην δὲ μέλαιναν Il. 3.103, etc.: but sts. omitted in one clause, [ ἕτερος μὲν] κακῶν, ἕ. δὲ ἐάων 24.528, cf. 7.420, IG 22.1388.46 (prob.), etc.; ἡ μὲν.., ἡ δ' ἑτέρη Il. 22.149, IG 12.76.50; ἕ..., ὁ δὲ.. Od. 8.374; answered by ἄλλος, ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ Il. 9.313, cf. Od. 7.123; reversely ἄλλῳ ὀρχηστύν, ἑτέρῳ κίθαριν [ἔδωκε ] Il. 13.731, cf. Pl. R. 439b, Tht. 184e; τότε μὲν ἕτερα.., τότε δὲ ἄλλα.. Pl. Alc. 1.116e; ὁ ἕτερος.., ὁ λοιπός.. X. An. 4.1.23; ἕτερα.., τὰ δὲ.. S. OC 1454 (lyr.); later μίαν μὲν.. ἑτέραν δέ A.D. Synt. 172.5; τὴν μίαν.. τὴν δ' ἑτέρην AP 9.680.
3. repeated in the same clause, ἐξ ἑτέρων ἕτερ' ἐστίν one building follows on another, Od. 17.266; [ἀ] δ' ἀτέρα τὰν ἀτέραν κύλιξ ὠθήτω let one cup push on the other, Alc. 41.5; ἢ θάτερον δεῖ δυστυχεῖν ἢ θάτερον one party or the other, E. Ion [849]; ἕτεροι ἑτέρων ἠξίωσαν ἄρχειν Th. 2.64; ἕτερος ἀφ' ἑτέρου θεραπείας ἀναπιμπλάμενοι ἔθνῃσκον ib. 51; εἴ τίς τι ἕτερος ἑτέρου προφέρει Id. 7.64; ξυμμειγνυμένων ἑτέρων ἑτέροις Ar. Av. 701; συμφορὰ ἑτέρα ἑτέρους πιέζει one calamity oppresses one, another others, E. Alc. 893 (lyr.); ἑτέρᾳ δ' ἕτερος ἕτερον ὄλβῳ καὶ δυνάμει παρῆλθεν Id. Ba. 905, cf. S. OC 231 (anap.); ἄλλη δ' εἰς ἑτέρην ὀλυφύρετο A.R. 1.250.
4. = δεύτερος, second, ἡ μὲν.., ἡ δ' ἑτέρη.., ἡ δὲ τρίτη.. Od. 10.352 sq., cf. Il. 16.179, al., X. Cyr. 2.3.22; ἡ ἑ. πρότασις the minor premiss, Arist. EN 1143b3: without Art., ἕ. τέρας Hdt. 7.57; προσαγορεύεις αὐτὰ ἑτέρῳ ὀνόματι you call them further by a new name, Pl. Phlb. 13a; cf. IV. 1b. with Pronouns of quantity, ordinals, etc., τόσσοι δ' αὖθ' ἕτεροι ποταμοί as many more, Hes. Th. 367; ἕτερον τοσοῦτον as much again, Hdt. 2.149; ἑτέρου τοσούτου χρόνου for as long again, Isoc. 4.153; ἕ. τοιαῦτα other things of like kind, Hdt. 1.120, 191; ἑτέρων τοιῶνδε (sc. ἀνθρώπων) ἄρχεις ib. 207; τῷ αὐτῷ τρόπῳ.. τῷ ἑτέρῳ in the same way over again, Id. 2.127; ἄλλα τε τοιαῦθ' ἕτερα μυρία Ar. Fr. 333.4; χιλίας ἑτέρας [δραχμάς ] D. 58.6; δεύτερον, τρίτον ἕ. δικαστήριον, Id. 23.71,74; ἕ. ἐγώ, of a friend, Pythag. ap. Iamb. in Nic. p.35 P.; ἕτεροι αὐτοί second selves, Arist. EN 1161b28; εὕρηκε τὸν ἕ., τὸν σέ Men. 474.
II without Art., another, of many, with a sense of difference, Il. 4.306, Od. 7.123, Ar. Ach. 422, Lys. 66, etc.; ἕ.αὖ τις Id. Eq. 949; ἕ. αὖ Id. Pax 295, etc.; ἕτερα ἄττα Pl. Tht. 188b; repeated ἑτέραν χἀτέραν τρικυμίαν Men. 536.8: with neg., οἷα οὐχ ἕτερα [ἐγένετο ] such as none like them had happened, Th. 1.23; ναυμαχία.. οἵα οὐχ ἑτέρα τῶν προτέρων Id. 7.70; οὐδεμιᾶς ἥσσων μᾶλλον ἑτέρας ib. 29 (s.v.l.); οὐχ ἕτερον ἀλλά.. none other than, Plu. 2.671b, cf. UPZ 71.9 (ii B.C.). οἱ ἕ. the rest, Hdt. 4.169. ὁ ἑ. ' one's neighbour ', ἀγαπᾶν τὸν ἕ. Romans 13:6, cf. Galatians 6:4.
III
1. of another kind, different, ἕ. δέ με θυμὸς ἔρυκεν Od. 9.302; τὸ μὲν ἕ., τὸ δὲ ἕ., i.e. they are different, Pl. Men. 97d, cf. R. 346a; ἕ. τε καὶ ἀνόμοιον Id. Smp. 186b; τὸ δὲ ταὐτὸν ἕ. ἀποφαίνειν καὶ τὸ θάτερον ταὐτόν Id. Sph. 259d; ἕ. ἤδη ἦν καὶ οὐχ ὁ αὐτός D. 34.12; ἑτέραν ἔδωκεν παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ ὄψιν OGI 458.7 (i B. C.); ἕ. εὐαγγέλιον Galatians 1:6 : coupled with ἄλλος, χἀτέρους ἄλλους πόνους and other different toils, E. Supp. 573 (s.v.l.), cf. Or. 345 (dub.l.); Ῥόδον καὶ ἄλλας ἑτέρας πόλεις D. 15.27; ἕτερον τό τ' ἀλγεῖν καὶ θεωρεῖν ἐστ' ἴσως Philem. 75.7; ἕτερα φρονῶν καὶ δημηγορῶν Din. 1.17: c.gen., other than, different from, φίλους.. ἑτέρους τῶν νῦν ὄντων Th. 1.28, cf. Pl. Prt. 333a, D. 10.44, etc.; ἕτερον, ἕτερα ἢ.., E. Or. 345, X. Cyr. 1.6.2; παρὰ ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι Pl. Phd. 74a; ἕτερα πολιτείας εἴδη παρὰ μοναρχίαν Arist. Pol. 1294a25, cf. 1286b21.
2. other than should be, euphem. for κακός, παθεῖν μὲν εὖ, παθεῖν δὲ θάτερα S. Ph. 503; ἀγάθ' ἢ θάτερα, ἵνα μηδὲν εἴπω φλαῦρον D. 22.12: abs., δαίμων ἕ. Pi. P. 3.34; λέκτρα, συμφοραί, E. Med. 639 (lyr.), HF 1238; ἐὰν τὰ ἕ. ψηφίσωνται οἱ δικασταί D. 48.30; πλέον θάτερον ἐποίησαν did more harm (than good), Isoc. 19.25, cf. Pl. Phd. 114e, Euthd. 280e, Aristid. 2.117 J.
Special Phrases:
1 elliptical, mostly in dat. fem., τῇ ἑτέρᾳ (sc. χειρί), ἑτέρῃ or ἑτέρηφι, with one hand (v. sub init.); with the left hand, Od. 3.441, Il. 22.80, Theoc. 24.45: hence prov., οὐ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ ληπτός not to be caught with one hand, Pl. Sph. 226a; ἐκ δ' ἑτέρης A.R. 1.1115, AP 9.650 (Leont.). θατέρᾳ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ) on the morrow, S. OT 782, E. Rh. 449; τῆς ἑτέρας Pl. Cri. 44a; but τῇ ἑτέρᾳ on the following (i.e. the third) day, X. Cyr. 4.6.10. (sc. ὁδῷ) in another or a different way, καὶ τῇδε φῦναι χἀτέρᾳ S. OC 1444; another way, τρέπεσθαι Ar. Nu. 812; ἑτέρᾳ πῃ Id. Eq. 35; τότ' ἄλλοσ'.., θατέρᾳ δὲ.. S. Tr. 272; θατέρᾳ.., θατέρᾳ.. in one way.., in the other.., Henioch. 5.16; ἑτέρηφι Hes. Op. 216: acc. ἑτέραν ἐκτρέπεσθαι Luc. Tim. 5.
2. adverb. with Preps.: ἐπὶ θάτερα to the one or the other side, one or the other way, ἐπὶ μὲν θάτερα.., ἐπὶ θ. δὲ.. Hp. Art. 7; τότε μὲν ἐπὶ θάτερα, τότε δ' ἐπὶ θ. Pl. Sph. 259c: also with another Pr, ἐς τὰ ἐπὶ θάτερα to or on the other side, Th. 1.87; ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ θάτερα from the other side, Id. 7.37; ἐκ μὲν τοῦ ἐπὶ θ., ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἐπὶ θ. Pl. Prt. 314e: c. gen., ἐς τὰ ἐπὶ θ. τοῦ ποταμοῦ Th. 7.84; εἰς τἀπὶ θ. τῆς πόλεως X. HG 6.2.7; τὸ ἐπὶ θάτερον τῆς ῥινός Hp. Art. 35. κατὰ θάτερα on the one or other side, κατὰ θ. ἀστός D. 57.30; ψόφου κατὰ θ. προσπεσόντος Plu. Brut. 51, etc.; but καθ' ἕτερα at other points, Th. 7.42.
1. Adv. ἑτέρως in one or the other way, opp. ἀμφοτέρως, Pl. Tht. 181e; ἑ. τε καὶ ἑ., = ἀμφοτέρως, Id. Phdr. 235a; τοῦ σκέλους ἑ. ἔχειν, = ἑτεροσκελὴς εἶναι, Philostr. VA 3.39.
2. differently, rarely in Poetry, οὐχ ἑ. τις ἐρεῖ Theoc. 10.3; ἑ. ἔχειν to be different, Ar. Pl. 371: freq. in Prose, ὡς ἑ. in the other way (cf. ὡς), ἢν ἡ ἑτέρη γνάθος ἐκστῇ ὡς ἑ. χρὴ τὴν ἐπίδεσιν ἄγειν Hp. Art. 34, cf. Pl. Sph. 266a, etc.; ἐάν τε καλῶς, ἐάν θ' ὡς ἑ. D. 18.85, cf. 212: c. gen., differently from, ἑ. πως τῶν εἰωθότων Pl. Plt. 295d; ἑ. ἤπερ.. Ael. NA 12.28.
3. otherwise than should be, badly, wrongly, once in Hom., ἑ. ἐβόλοντο Od. 1.234; εἰ καὶ ἑ. τοῦτο ἀπέβη SIG 851.10 (MarAur.); εἴ τι ἑ. φρονεῖτε Philippians 3:15.
ἕτερος, ἑτέρα, ἕτερον, the other; another, other; (from Homer on); the Sept. chiefly for אַחֵר. It refers:
1. to number, as opposed to some former person or thing;
a. without the article, other: joined to a noun (which noun denotes some number or class within which others are distinguished from the one), Matthew 12:45 and Luke 11:26, ἑπτά ἑτέρα πνεύματα, i. e. from the number of the πνεύματα or demons seven others, to be distinguished from the one already mentioned; add, Mark 16:12; Luke 6:6; Luke 9:56, etc.; John 19:37; Acts 2:40; Acts 4:12, etc.; Romans 7:3; Romans 8:39; Romans 13:9; ἕτεραι γενεαί, other than the present, i. e. past generations, Ephesians 3:5; as in classical Greek ἄλλος, so sometimes also ἕτερος is elegantly joined to a noun that is in apposition: twice so in Luke, viz. ἕτεροι δύο κακοῦργοι two others, who were malefactors (Alexander Buttmann (1873) differently § 150, 3), Luke 23:32; ἑτέρους ἑβδομήκοντα equivalent to ἑτέρους μαθητάς, οἵτινες ἦσαν ἑβδομήκοντα Luke 10:1;reliqua privata aedificia for 'the rest of the buildings, which were private' Caesar b. g. 1, 5; cf. Bornemann, Scholia ad Luc., p. 147f; Winers Grammar, 530 (493); (Josephus, contra Apion 1, 15, 3 and Müller's note). simply, without a noun, equivalent to ἄλλος τίς another, Luke 9:59; Luke 22:58; Acts 1:20; Romans 7:4; ἕτεροι πολλοί, Matthew 15:30; Luke 8:3; Acts 15:35; οὐδέν ἕτερον, Acts 17:21; ἑτέρα, other matters, Acts 19:39 R G T; πολλά καί ἑτέρα, many other things also (hardly also, see καί, I. 3; cf. remark under the word πολύς, d. a. at the end), Luke 3:18; ἕτερος with the genitive of person Galatians 1:19; τά ἑτέρων (opposed to τά ἑαυτοῦ), Philippians 2:4; ἑτέρων with τίς added, Acts 8:34; neuter 1 Timothy 1:10; (ἐν ἑτέρῳ, introducing a quotation, Hebrews 5:6, cf. Winer's 592 (551) — but in Acts 13:35 supply ψαλμῷ). in partitive formulas: ἄλλοι ... ἕτεροι δέ, Hebrews 11:36 cf. Acts 2:13; ὁ πρῶτος ... ἕτερος, Luke 14:19; Luke 16:7; ὁ δεύτερος ... ἕτερος, Luke 19:20 (where L T Tr WH ὁ ἕτερος); τινες ... ἕτεροι δέ, Luke 11:16; ᾧ μέν ... ἄλλῳ δέ ... ἑτέρῳ δέ ... ἄλλῳ δέ, 1 Corinthians 12:9f; οἱ μέν ... ἄλλοι (L οἱ) δέ ... ἕτεροι δέ, Matthew 16:14.
b. with the article, the other (of two): οἱ ἕτεροι, the others, the other party, Matthew 11:16 T Tr WH (see ἑταῖρος). distinctively: εἷς or εἷς ... ὁ ἕτερος, Matthew 6:24; Luke 7:41; Luke 16:13; Luke 17:34; Luke 18:10; Luke 23:40; τό ἕτερον πλοῖον, Luke 5:7; ἡ δέ ἑτέρα namely, ἡμέρα, the next day, the day after, Acts 20:15; Acts 27:3 (Xenophon, Cyril 4, 6, 10 (others)). ὁ ἕτερος, the other, when the relation of conduct to others is under consideration is often put by way of example for any other person whatever, and stands for 'the other affected by the action in question' (and may be transitive, thy neighbor, thy fellow, etc.): Romans 2:1; Romans 13:8; 1 Corinthians 6:1; 1 Corinthians 10:24, 29; 1 Corinthians 14:17; Galatians 6:4; (James 4:12 R G); plural οἱ, αἱ, τά ἕτεροι, ἕτεραι, ἑτέρα, the others i. e. the rest, Luke 4:43. It refers:
2. to quality; another i. e. one not of the same nature, form, class, kind; different (so in Greek writings from Homer down): Romans 7:23; 1 Corinthians 14:21; 1 Corinthians 15:40; 2 Corinthians 11:4; Galatians 1:6; Hebrews 7:11, 13, 15; James 2:25; Jude 1:7. (Synonym: see ἄλλος.)
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ἕτερος , -α , -ον ,
[in LXX chiefly for H259;]
distributive prop., prop, dual (B1., § 13, 5; 51, 6), denoting the second of a pair, but in late Gk. encroaching on ἄλλος (M, Pr., 79 f.);
1. of number, other; c. art., the ether;
(a) of two, Luke 5:7; Luke 9:56, al.; opp. to ὁ πρῶτος , Matthew 21:30; ὁ εἷς , Matthew 6:24, Luke 7:41, Acts 23:6, al.; ἕ . μὲν . . . ἕ . δέ , the one . . . the other: 1 Corinthians 15:40; the next: Luke 6:6; Luke 9:56 (sc. ἡμέρα , Xen.), Acts 20:15; Acts 27:3; = ὁ πλησίον , one's neighbour: Romans 2:1; Romans 13:8, 1 Corinthians 6:1, al.;
(b) of more than two, another: Matthew 8:21; Matthew 11:3, Luke 6:6; Luke 22:66, John 19:37, Romans 8:39, al.; pl., Acts 2:13; οἱ μὲν . . ἄλλοι δὲ . . . ἕ . δέ , Matthew 16:14; τινὲς . . . έ . δέ , Luke 11:16.
2. Of kind or quality, other, another, different (Plat., Dem., al.): Mark 16:12, Luke 9:29, Acts 2:4, 1 Corinthians 14:21, 2 Corinthians 11:4, Galatians 1:6, al. (cf. ἑτερό -γλωσσος , -διδασκαλέω , -ζυγέω ).
SYN.: ἄλλος G243, q.v. (v. req. ut supr., also Robertson, Gr., 748 ff.).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
ἕτερος and ἀμφότεροι are claimed by Blass (Gr. pp. 36, 179 f.) as the only surviving words in the Hellenistic age which denote duality as distinct from plurality, and abundant evidence can be cited from the Κοινή of the correct use of ἕτερος in this sense. See e.g. P Ryl II. 229.6 (A.D. 38) ἵνα δοῖ σοι ὄνον. . ἵνα καὶ αὐτὸς δοῖ ἑτέραν (a second ass), P Amh II. 65.6 ff. (early ii/A.D.) δίκαιον τὸν ἕτερον ἀπολυθῆναι ἐὰν ἄλλος ἀντ᾽ αὐτοῦ κατασταθῇ, ";it is just that one of them (sc. two brothers) should be released, if some one else is appointed in his stead"; (Edd.), BGU I. 5ii. 5 (A.D. 79–80) ἕτερον εἶναι ὁμώνυμο (ν), ";another of the same name,"; P Fay 100.8 (A.D. 99) τ [ῇ ] μὲν Χαριτίῳ. . [τ ]ῇ δὲ ἑτέρᾳ Χαριτίῳ, with reference to two women, both named Charition, CPR I. 11.8 (A.D. 108) ἑτέρας. . οἰκίας, ib. 223.19 (ii/A.D.) μέχρι [ἑ ]τέρας ἀπογραφῆς, ";until the next (lit. ";another";) census,"; P Tebt II. 381.9 (A.D. 123) ἑτέρας θυγατρός, ";her other daughter,"; P Amh II. 88.9 ff. (A.D. 128) ἐν δυσὶ κοίταις (here = σφραγῖσι, ";parcels";) . . ὧν μιᾶς μὲν. . ἑτέρας δὲ. ., BGU I. 194.15 f. (A.D. 177) ἐπιστολῶν δύο, μειᾶς μὲν. . τὴν δὲ ἑτέραν. ., P Fay 164 (ii/A.D.) ἐπὶ ὄνῳ ἑνὶ φοι (νίκων) ἀρτάβας τρεῖς καὶ ἐφ᾽ ἑτ (έρῳ) . . . (ἀρτάβας) δύο, and similarly ib. 165. On the other hand, ἕτερος is incorrectly used for ἄλλος in such passages as P Leid Bii. 11 (B.C. 164) ὑπὲρ ὧν ἂν προσδεώμεθα ἑτέρων, P Par 45.5 (B.C. 153) (= Witkowski, 2 p. 82) ἠ (= εἰ) ἕτερον θέλις λέγειν, λέγε, ib. 46.9 (B.C. 153) (= Witkowski.2, p. 86) οὐ ]χ ἕτερόν τινα, ἀλλὰ σὲ αὐτὸν μάρτυρα ἐπισπάσ ̣ω ̣, P Fay 12.14 (c. B.C. 103) ἑτέρους συμπαρόντας ὑπό τ ̣ε ̣ τῶν α ̣[ὐτῶν, ";others besides themselves being present"; (Edd.), ib. 36.11 (A.D. 111–2) ἑτέροις ἐπιχωρηθεὶς διδόναι, ";with power to pass on the right (of making and selling bricks) to others"; (Edd.), P Flor I. 99.7 (i/ii A.D.) (= Selections, p. 71) ὁ υἱὸς ἡμῶν Κάστωρ μεθ᾽ ἑτέρων άσωτευόμενος ἐσπάνισε τὰ αὑτοῦ πάντα, ";my son Castor along with others has squandered all his own property in riotous living,"; and BGU I. 86.25 (ii/A.D.) ὑποτίθεσθα [ι ] ἑτέροις παρασ [υ ]νχωρούντω [ν, a formula allowing liberty to alienate. Cf. Luke 8:6 ff. where even the stylist Luke substitutes ἕτερος for the correct ἄλλος of his (presumed) source-narrative (Mark 4:5 ff. : cf. Matthew 13:5 ff.) : see Proleg. p. 79. The opposite error of using ἄλλος for ἕτερος in Luke 6:29 (so Matthew 5:39) may be paralleled from P Grenf II. 23a.8 f. (B.C. 107) τῆς μὲν μιᾶς. . τῆς δ᾽ ἄλλης. ., P Tor I. 8.44 f. (ii/B.C.) υἱῶν δύο, ἑνὸς μὲν. . ἄλλου, BGU II. 456.10 ff. (A.D. 348) φοίνικας δύο, τὸν μὲν ἕνα. . καὶ τὸν ἄλλον. ., and the Andanian inscr. Syll 653.91 (B.C. 91) τὸν μὲν ἕνα. . τὸν δ᾽ ἄλλον of two. The readiness with which the two words could be interchanged is shown by P Oxy II. 276.11 (A.D. 77) Φρίβι Ἡρακλήου τῷ σὺν ἄλλοις σιτολόγοις compared with P Gen I. 36.10 (A.D. 170) παρὰ Πεκύσιος Σαταβοῦτος ἱερέως σὺν ἑτέροις ἱερεῦ [σ ]ι. Nor is it easy to differentiate them in such passages as CPR I. 103.21 ἀπό τε ἄλλων πρασέων ἢ ἑτέρων [οἰκονομιῶν : cf. ib. 3.19 (ii/iii A.D.), 6.17 (A.D. 238). That however the original difference between them was often observed with great nicety even in vernacular documents is shown by the Twins’ petition P Par 26.32 f. (B.C. 163–2) (= Selections, p. 16 f.; the note on l. 33 requires correction) where ἄλλοι τῶν ἐκ τοῦ Σαραπιείου (to which the Twins themselves belonged) are distinguished from ἕτεροι τῶν ἐκ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιείου, and P Ryl II. 102i. 10, .14 (2nd half ii/A.D.) μετ᾽ ἄλ (λων) . . μεθ᾽ ἕτερα, where, as the editors point out, the former phrase introduces extracts from the original census-lists, while the second points to details that had been omitted. Other exx. showing how readily ἕτερος from meaning ";the other class (of two)"; came to imply ";different"; in quality or kind are OGIS 458.8 (c. B.C. 9) ἑτέραν τε ἔδωκεν παντὶ τῶι κόσμωι ὄψιν, and P Oxy VI. 939.13 (iv/A.D.) ἕτερα. . γράμματα, where the reference is not only to ";another,"; a second letter, but to a letter containing very ";different"; news from that previously despatched. Ἕτερος is used without a subst. in P Tebt II. 381.14 (A.D. 123) (= Selections, p. 78) ἕτερα καθ᾽ ὃν δήποτε οὖν τρόπον, ";other things of whatsoever kind,"; following a list of articles bequeathed in a will, P Flor I. 99.10 (i/ii A.D.) (= Selections, p. 72) ἕτερο [ν ] ἄτοπόν τι, ";anything else amiss,"; and CPR I. 32.15 (A.D. 218) οὐδὲν δὲ ἕτερον πρακθησόμεθα (cf. Acts 17:21). An interesting confirmation of the RV rendering of Luke 23:32 ἕτεροι κακοῦργοι δύο, ";two others, malefactors"; is afforded by P Tebt I. 41.9 (a petition—c. B.C. 119) καὶ [μ ]ετὰ τοῦ παντὸς σκυλμοῦ συνεχεῖς ἐπιλήψεις ποιουμένου τινῶν ἡμ ̣ῶν καὶ ἑτέρων γυναικῶν διασείειν, ";to extort from some of us and from others, viz. women";—the petitioners are men.
According to Lightfoot (Gal..10, p. 76) the primary distinction between ἄλλος and ἕτερος is that the former is another ";as one besides,"; and the latter another as ";one of two."; But Ramsay in an important discussion on Galatians 1:6 f. (Comm. p. 260 ff.) contends that this reverses the facts regarding the force of the two words when they are pointedly contrasted. In Gal l.c. he has now definitely adopted the construction given by the American Revisers in the margin (";a different gospel, which is nothing else save that there are some that trouble you";), and agrees with the opinion expressed by Professor A. W. Mair who has supplied a long list of passages from Demosthenes and others, showing that any distinction in usage between the two words results naturally from the fact that one is a positive, or absolute, word (ἄλλος), while the other is a comparative, or relative (ἕτερος), and further that, where this is not essential, they are used indifferently : see e.g. Demosthenes xxiii. 71 (ed. Butcher) οὔτ᾽ ἄλλος οὐδείς, but xxv. 17 ἕτερος δ᾽ οὐδὲ εἷς.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
