Bible Lexicons

ἔλεγχος

(A), εος, τό, reproach, disgrace, dishonour, δὴ γὰρ ἔλεγχος ἔσσεται εἴ κεν νῆας ἕλῃ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ Il. 11.314; ἡμῖν δ' ἂν ἐλέγχεα ταῦτα γένοιτο Od. 21.329, cf. Pi. N. 3.15; of men, the abstr. being put for the concrete, κάκ' ἐλέγχεα base reproaches to your name, Il. 5.787, al., Hes. Th. 26; ἐλέγχεα alone, Il. 24.260.

ἔλεγχος

(B), ὁ, I OF PLACE,

1 in, νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ Od. 1.50; ἐν δώμασ' ἐμοῖσιν Il. 6.221; ἐνὶ προθύροισιν 11.777; κοίλῃσ' ἐνὶ νηυσί Od. 2.27; with names of cities or islands, as ἐν Ἀθήνῃς, ἐν Τροίῃ, Il. 2.549, 162; ἡ ἐν Κερκύρᾳ ναυμαχία Th. 1.57; ἡ ἐν Σαλαμῖνι μάχη Isoc. 5.147 (but in Att. the Pris sts.omitted, as with Ἐλευσῖνι, Μαραθῶνι; where ἐν is used, it = in the district of.., ὲν Ἐλευσῖνι IG 22.1028.11, ἐμ Μαραθῶνι ib.1243.21): ἐν χερσὶν ἐμῇσι in my arms, Il. 22.426; ἐνὶ θυμῷ Od. 16.331, etc.; ἐν αὑτῷ εἶναι to be in one's senses, be oneself, ἔτ' ἐν σαυτῷ (v.l. - τοῦ) γενοῦ S. Ph. 950; also ἐν αὑτοῦ, cf. signf. 2. ἐν τοῖς ἰχθύσιν in the fish-market, Antiph. 125; ἐν τῷ μύρῳ Ar. Eq. 1375; so ἐν τοῖν δυοῖν ὀβολοῖν ἐθεώρουν ἄν in the two-obol seats, D. 18.28.

2. elliptic, in such phrases as ἐν Ἀλκινόοιο Od. 7.132, cf. Leg.Gort. 2.21, etc.; εἰν Ἀΐδαο Il. 22.389, Att. ἐν Ἅιδου (v. Ἅιδης): later ἐν τοῖς τινός PRLaws 38.1 (iii B. C.), Luke 2:49; ἐν ἡμετέρου Hdt. 1.35, 7.8. δ'; ἐμ Πανδίονος IG 22.1138.8; ἐν Δημοτιωνιδῶν ib.2.841b21; ἐν τῶν πόλεων ib. 12.56.14: mostly with pr.n., but sts. with Appellatives, as, ἐν ἀφνειοῦ πατρός Il. 6.47; ἐν ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβεστάτου E. IA 926; ἐν παιδοτρίβου, ἐν κιθαριστοῦ, at the school of.., Ar. Nu. 973, Pl. Tht. 206a; ἐν γειτόνων (v. γείτων) ἐν αὑτοῦ (αὑτῷ cod. Rav.) Ar. V. 642, cf. Men. Sam. 125; οὐκέτ' ἐν ἐμαυτοῦ ἦν Pl. Chrm. 155d; ἐν ὑμῶν αὐτῶν γένεσθε Lib. Or. 35.15.

3. in, within, surrounded by, οὐρανὸς ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι Il. 15.192; after Hom., of clothing, armour, etc., ἐν ἐσθῆτι Hdt. 2.159; ἐν πεπλώματι S. Tr. 613; ἐν ἔντεσι Pi. O. 4.24; ἐν ὅπλοισι in or under arms, Hdt. 1.13, etc.; also of particular kinds of arms, ἐν τόξοις, ἀκοντίοις, etc., equipped with them, dub.in X. Mem. 3.9.2; ἐν μαχαίρῃ PTeb. 16.14 (ii B. C.); ἐν μεγάλοις φορτίοις βαδίζειν καὶ τρέχειν X. Cyr. 2.3.14; ἐν βαθεῖ πώγωνι Luc. Salt. 5.

4. on, at or by, ἐν ποταμῷ Il. 18.521, Od. 5.466; ἐν ὄρεσσιν 19.205; οὔρεος ἐν κορυφῇς Il. 2.456; ἐν θρόνοις Od. 8.422; νευρὴ ἐν τόξῳ the string on the bow, Il. 15.463; ἐν [ξίφει] ἧλοι 11.29; κατεκλάσθη ἐνὶ καυλῷ ἔγχος was broken off at or by the shaft, 13.608; ἐν πέτροισι πέτρον ἐκτρίβων S. Ph. 296; ἐν οἴνῳ at wine, prob. in Call. Epigr. 23, Luc. Dem.Enc. 15.

5. in the number of, amongst, freq.in Hom., ἐν Δαναοῖσι, προμάχοισι, μέσσοισιν, νεκύεσσι, Il. 1.109, 3.31, 7.384, Od. 12.383, al.; οἴη ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν Il. 1.398; and with Verbs of ruling, ἐν δ' ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ' 13.689; ἀνδράσιν ἐν πολλοῖσι.. ἀνάσσων Od. 19.110; φῦλον ἐν ἀνθρώποισι ματαιότατον Pi. P. 3.21; ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοισιν ἀνὴρ χρηστός S. Ant. 661; ἐν γυναιξὶν ἄλκιμος E. Or. 754: — for ἐν τοῖς c. Sup., V. ὁ. in the presence of, ἐν πᾶσι Od. 2.194; πτωχὸς ὢν ἐν ἐσθλοῖσιν λέγειν E. Fr. 703; λέγοντες ἐν τῷ δήμῳ Pl. R. 565b; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσι Th. 2.36; ἔλεγον ἐν τοῖς τριάκοντα Lys. 12.6; ἐν τοῖς ὄχλοις εἰπεῖν Isoc. 3.21; λέγειν ἐν ἀνδράσιν (of a woman) Lys. 32.11; of a trial, διαγωνίζεσθαι, διαδικάζεσθαι ἔν τισι, Pl. Grg. 464d, Lg. 916b; προὐκαλούμην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς δικασταῖς Antipho 6.23.

6. in one's hands, within one's reach or power, νίκης πείρατ' ἔχονται ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι Il. 7.102; δύναμις γὰρ ἐν ὑμῖν Od. 10.69 (comp. the Homeric phrases θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται Il. 17.514; ἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου 16.630); freq. in Hdt. and Att., ἔστιν ἔν τινι, c. inf., it depends on him to.., rests with him to.., ἔστιν ἐν σοὶ ἢ.. ἤ.. Hdt. 6.109, cf. 3.85, etc.; ταῦτα δ' ἐν τῷ δαίμονι καὶ τῇδε φῦναι χἁτέρᾳ S. OC 1443; ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Id. OT 314; ἐν σοὶ δ' ἐσμὲν καὶ ζῆν καὶ μή E. Alc. 278; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ πράγματα ἐγένετο Th. 1.74; ἐν τῷ θεῷ τὸ τέλος ἦν, οὐκ ἐμοί D. 18.193; also ἐν τούτῳ εἰσὶν πᾶσαι αἱ ἀποδείξεις depend on this, Pl. Prt. 354e; ἐν τούτῳ λύεται ἡ ἀπορία ἢ ἄλλοθι οὐδαμοῦ ib. 321e; ἔν γ' ἐμοί so far as rests with me, S. OC 153 (lyr.); ἐν δὲ σοὶ λελείψομαι E. Hipp. 324; also ἐν ἐμοί in my judgement, S. OC 1214 (lyr.); ἐν θεοῖς καλά in the eyes of the gods, Id. Ant. 925.

7. in respect of, ἐν πάντεσσ' ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα Il. 23.671; ἐν γήρᾳ σύμμετρός τινι in point of age.., S. OT 1112; ἐν ἐμοὶ θρασύς in my case, towards me, Id. Aj. 1315; ἐν θανοῦσιν ὑβριστής ib. 1092; ἡ ἐν τ[]οῖς ὅπλοις μάθησις Pl. La. 190d; also οὐδὲν δεινὸν μὴ ἐν ἐμοὶ στῇ stop with me, Id. Ap. 28b.

8. in a pregnant construction with Verbs of motion, into; implying both motion to and subsequent position in a place, ἐν κονίῃσι χαμαὶ πέσεν fell [to the dust and lay] in it, Il. 4.482, etc.; βάλον ἐν κονίῃσι 5.588; νηῒ δ' ἐνὶ πρύμνῃ ἔναρα θῆκ' 10.570; ἐν χερσὶ τιθέναι 1.441, etc.; ἐν χερσὶ βαλεῖν 5.574; ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βαλεῖν ib. 513; ἐν Τρωσὶν ὄρουσαν 16.258; ἐν χερσὶ πεσέειν 6.81; λέων ἐν βουσὶ θορών 5.161; ἐν δ' οἶνον ἔχευεν ἐν δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ Od. 20.261; ἐν τεύχεσσιν ἔδυνον Il. 23.131: in Trag. and Att., ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων S. Aj. 184 (lyr.), cf. 374 (lyr.); ἐν χωρίῳ ἐμπεπτωκώς Th. 7.87; ἡ ἐν τῷ Σπειραίῳ τῶν νεῶν καταφυγή Id. 8.11; ἐν τόπῳ καταπεφευγέναι Pl. Sph. 260c; ἐν ᾅδου διαπορευθείς Id. Lg. 905b; ῥιπτοῦντες σφᾶς ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ Arr. An. 1.19.4; later, with Verbs of coming and going, διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ Paus. 7.4.3, cf. LXX To. 5.5, Arr. Epict. 1.11.32, etc.: τὸν ἐν Σικελίᾳ πλοῦν is f.l. in Lys. 19.43 codd.

9. πίνειν ἐν ποτηρίῳ to drink from a cup, Luc. DDeor. 6.2; ἐν ἀργύρῳ πίνειν Id. Merc.Cond. 26; ἐν μικροῖς D.L. 1.104.

10. ἄργυρος ἐν ἐκπώμασι silver in the form of plate, Plu. 2.260a; ἐμ φέρνῃ, ἐν θέματι, as a dowry, pledge, PPetr. 1p.37, PTeb. 120.125 (i B. C.).

11. in citations, ἐν τοῦ σκήπτρου τῇ παραδόσει in the passage of the Il. describing this, Th. 1.9, cf. Pl. Tht. 147c, Phlb. 33b.

II OF STATE, CONDITION or POSITION:

1 of outward circumstances, ἐν πολέμῳ Od. 10.553; ἐν δαιτί Il. 4.259; ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ 9.378; ἐν μοίρῃ Od. 22.54; οὑμὸς ἐν φάει βίος E. Ph. 1281; ἐν γένει εἶναί τινι to be related to.., S. OT 1016; of occupations, pursuits, ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εἶναι to be engaged in philosophy, Pl. Phd. 59a, cf. R. 489b; οἱ ἐν ποιήσι γενόμενοι poets, Hdt. 2.82; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι ministers of state, Th. 3.28; οἱ ἐν τέλει the magistrates, Id. 7.73, etc.; τοὺς ἐν ταῖς μοναρχίαις ὄντας Isoc. 2.5; ὁ ἐν ταῖς προσόδοις PPetr. 1p.62; ὁ μάντις ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ in the practice of it, S. OT 562.

2. of inward states, of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν δοιῇ, Il. 7.302, 9.230; ἐν φόβῳ γενέσθαι Pl. R. 578e; οὐκ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ τὰ σά E. Ph. 1276; ἐν σιωπῇ τἀμά Id. Ion 1397; ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, Th. 2.21; ἐν ἔριδι εἶναι ibid.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ σχεῖν τινά to blame him, Hdt. 5.106; ἐν αἰτίᾳ βαλεῖν S. OT 656 (lyr.); ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι to have the blame, X. Mem. 2.8.9, etc.; οἱ ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαις D. Ephesians 2:14.

3. freq. with neut. Adj., ἐν βραχεῖ, = βραχέως, S. El. 673; ἐν τάχει, = ταχέως, Id. OT 765, etc.; ἐν καλῷ ἐστί, = καλῶς ἔχει, E. Heracl. 971; ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ [ ἐστί ] Id. IT 762; ἐν εὐμαρεῖ [ ἐστί ] Id. Hel. 1227; ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιήσασθαι Hdt. 3.154; ἐν ἴσῳ, = ἴσως, ἐν ὁμοίῳ, = ὁμοίως, Th. 2.53: less freq. in pl., ἐν ἀργοῖς, = ἀργῶς, S. OT 287; ἐν κενοῖς, = κενῶς, Id. Aj. 971: with a Subst., ἐν δίκᾳ, = δικαίως, opp. παρὰ δίκαν, Pi. O. 2.16, cf. S. Tr. 1069, Ar. Eq. 258, Pl. R. 475c, al.; ἦσαν οὐκέτι ὁμοίως ἐν ἡδονῇ ἄρχοντες Th. 1.99, cf. Pl. Epin. 977b.

III

1. OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, ἐν πυρὶ πρήσαντες Il. 7.429; δῆσαι ἐνὶ δεσμῷ 5.386, cf. Od. 12.54, etc.; but in most cases the orig. sense may be traced, to put in the fire and burn, in fetters and bind, etc.; so ἐν πόνοις δαμέντα A. Pr. 425 (lyr.); ἔζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα ib. 462; ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖ Id. Th. 414; also ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶσθαι, ἰδέσθαι, to see with or before one's eyes, i.e. have the object in one's eye, Il. 3.306, Od. 10.385, etc.; ἔν τε τῇ ὄψει διαγιγνώσκειν καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀκοῇ Pl. Tht. 206a; also ἐν ὠσὶ νωμῶν ὄρνιθας A. Th. 25; also ἐν λιταῖς by prayers, S. Ph. 60; ἐν δόλῳ by deceit, ib. 102; ἐν λόγοις by words, A. Ch. 613 (lyr.); ἀπέκτειναν ἐν τῇ προφάσει ταύτῃ Lys. 13.12, cf. Antipho 5.59; ψαύειν ἐν κερτομίοις γλώσσαις S. Ant. 961 (lyr.); ἐν τοῖς ὁμοίοις νόμοις ποιήσαντες τὰς κρίσεις Th. 1.77; esp. with Verbs of showing, σημαίνειν ἐν ἱεροῖς καὶ οἰωνοῖς X. Cyr. 8.7.3; τὰ πραχθέντα.. ἐν.. ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε ye know by letters, Th. 7.11; ἐν τῇδε ῥάβδῳ πάντα ποιήσεις Ezek. Exag. 132, cf. PMag.Osl. 1.108.

2. of a personal instrument, ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Matthew 9:34.

OF TIME, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ Il. 16.643; ἐν νυκτί Hdt. 6.69, X. Smp. 1.9; ἐν χρόνῳ μακρῷ S. Ph. 235, OC 88; ἐν τούτῳ (sc. τῷ χρόνῶ)

1. in this space of time, Hdt. 1.126, etc.; ἐν ᾧ (sc. χρόνῳ) during the time that, S. Tr. 929, etc. (also ἐν οἷς Arist. Mu. 391a2); ἐν ὅσῳ Th. 3.28; ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς in the time of the truce, X. An. 3.1.1; ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ Th. 7.73 (but in some phrases the ἐν is omitted, as μυστηρίοις in the course of the mysteries, Ar. Pl. 1013; τραγῳδοῖς at the performance of.., Aeschin. 3.36). ἐν ἄρχοντι Μητροδώρῳ during the archonship of M., IG 7.1773 (Thebes, ii A. D.); ἐν ἄρχοντι Σύλλᾳ ib.3.113.

2. in, within, ἐν ἡμέρῃ Hdt. 1.126; ἐν ἔτεσι πεντήκοντα Th. 1.118; ἐν τρισὶ μησί X. HG 1.1.37, etc.; μυρίαις ἐν ἁμέραις in, i.e. after, countless days, E. Ph. 305 (lyr.); ἐν ἡμέραις πολλαῖς νοσῆσαι Procop. Arc. 9.35.

OF NUMBERS generally, ἐν δυσὶ σταδίοις

1. within two stadia, D.S. 20.74, cf. 19.39, dub. in Th. 6.1.

2. with gen. of price, ἐν δύο ταλάντων LXX 3 Ki. 16.24.

3. amounting to, προῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις BGU 970.14 (ii A. D.), etc. WITH Acc., into, on, for, Arc. ἰν, νόμος ἰν ἄματα πάντα IG 5 (2).5; γράψαι ἐν χάλκωμα ib.511; ἐν πελτοφόρας ἀπεγράψατο ib.7.210 (Aegosthenae), etc.; also poet., ἐν πάντα νόμον Pi. P. 2.86.

WITHOUT CASE, AS ADVERB, in the phrase ἐν δέ..,

1 and therein, Il. 9.361; ἐν μέν.. ἐν δέ Od. 13.244.

2. and among them, Il. 2.588, etc.; in Hdt., mostly ἐν δὲ δή.. 3.39, 5.95; or ἐν δὲ καί.. 2.43, 172, 176.

3. and besides, moreover (not in Att. Prose), S. Aj. 675, OT 181 (lyr.), al.; ἐν δ' ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ' ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ Od. 5.260.

4. ἔνι, = ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι, Il. 20.248, etc.

POSITION: ἐν freq. stands between its Subst. and the Adj. agreeing therewith, Il. 22.61, B. 5.41, etc.: without an Adj., τῷ δ' ἐν ἐρινεός ἐστι μέγας Od. 12.103: most freq. in Hom. in the form ἐνί, which is then written by anastrophe ἔνι, Il. 7.221, Od. 5.57; in Pi. between Subst. and gen., χόρτοις ἐν λέοντος O. 13.44, al.--One or more independent words sts. come between the Pr and its dat., as in Od. 11.115; also in Prose,

I argument of disproof or refutation, πολύδηρις ἔ. Parm. 1.36, cf. Pl. Phdr. 276a; ὁ ἔ. συναγωγὴ τῶν ἀντικειμένων ἐστίν Arist. Rh. 1410a22, cf. 1396b26; ἔ. δὲ συλλογισμὸς μετ' ἀντιφάσεως τοῦ συμπεράσματος Id. SE 165a2, cf. APr. 66b11; ἐλέγχου ἄγνοια, ignoratio elenchi, Id. SE 168a18; ὅταν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐ. πιέζωνται Phld. D. 3.8.

II generally, cross-examining, testing, scrutiny, esp. for purposes of refutation, οὐκ ἔχει ἔλεγχον does not admit of disproof, Hdt. 2.23; τῶνδ' ἔλεγχον, abs., as a test of this, S. OT 603; τὰ ψευδῆ ἔλεγχον ἔχει Th. 3.53; ἔ. παραδοῦναί τινι to give him an opportunity of refuting, Pl. Phdr. 273c; δόμεν τι βασάνῳ ἐς ἔ. to submit it to scrutiny, Pi. N. 8.21; χρυσὸς νόθου ἀρετῆς ἔ. Com.Adesp. 195; ἀρετῆς ἔ. δοῦναι a proof or test of it, And. 1.150; ἔ. διδόναι τοῦ βίου to give an account of one's life, Pl. Ap. 39c; οἱ ἔ. περὶ ὀρφανῶν Isa 4.22; τὸ πρᾶγμα τὸν ἔ. δώσει D. 4.15; ἔ. ποιεῖν τινός to test it, Ar. Ra. 786; ἔ. ποιήσασθαι τῶν πεπραγμένων Antipho 1.7; ἔ. λαβεῖν τινός make trial of it, ib.12; ἐλέγχους ἀποδέχεσθαι to admit tests, Lys. 19.6; ἐλέγχους προσφέρειν to allege them, Ar. Lys. 484; διάπειρα βροτῶν ἔ. Pi. O. 4.20; οὐδὲ ἔ. παρασχὼν οὐδὲ βάσανον Antipho 2.4.7; ἔ. διδόναι And. 2.4; εἰς ἔ. πεσεῖν to be convicted, E. Hipp. 1310, cf. HF 73; δεικνυμένων ἐ. Id. Heracl. 905 (lyr.); οὔτ' εἰς ἔ. χειρὸς οὐδ' ἔργου μολών S. OC 1297; εἰς ἔ. ἐξιέναι to proceed to the proof, put to the test, Id. Ph. 98; or, to be put to the proof, Id. Fr. 105; ἐξελθεῖν E. Alc. 640; εἰς ἔ. ἰέναι περί τινος Pl. Phdr. 278c; εἰς ἔ. ἔρχεσθαί τινος Philem. 93.3; καταστῆναι εἰς ἔ. καὶ λόγον Isoc. 12.150; ἔ. φεύγειν Antipho 5.38; οἱ περὶ Παυσανίαν ἔ. the evidence on which he was convicted, Th. 1.135; πίστις πραγμάτων ἔ. οὐ βλεπομένων Hebrews 11:1.

III Ἔλεγχος personified, Men. 545, Luc. Pseudol. 4. applied to Conscience, τὸ συνειδὸς ἔ. ἀδέκαστος Ph. 1.236; ἔ. κατάλογον ποιεῖται τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων [τῆς ψυχῆς ] ib. 291. catalogue, inventory, Gloss., Suet. Gramm. 8 (pl.). drop-pearl, Plin. HN 9.113, Juv. 6.459.