the Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34
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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #1498 - εἴην
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- to be, to exist, to happen, to be present
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εἵην, aor. 2 opt. of ἵημι: but εἴην, pres. opt. of εἰμί (sum).
εἰμί (sum), Aeol. ἔμμι Sapph. 2.15, Theoc. 20.32; Cret. ἠμί GDI 4959a; 2 sg. εἶ, and Ion. εἰς Od. 17.388, al., Aeol. ἔσσι, and Dor. ἐσσί Il. 1.176, Pi. O. 6.90, Sophr. 134; ἐσί GDI 4959a; 3 sg. ἐστί, Dor. ἐντί IG 12(1).677 (Rhodes), Theoc. 1.17, etc.; 3 dual ἐστόν Th. 3.112; 1 pl. ἐσμέν, and Ion. εἰμέν (also in Pi. P. 3.60), ἐμέν Call. Fr. 294, Dor. εἰμές Theoc. 15.73, but ἠμέν GDI 5178.34; 3 pl. εἰσί (-ίν), and Ion. ἔασι (-ιν) Il. 7.73, Xenoph. 8.1, Antim. 29, Herod. 4.84, Dor. ἐντί Pi. N. 1.24, Theoc. 11.45, IG 9(1).32.22 (Phocis), etc.: imper. ἴσθι (ἔσθι Hecat. 361 J.), and Lyr. also in Med. form ἔσσο Od. 3.200, Sapph. 1.28, Maced. Pae. 31, late Prose ἔσο Plu. 2.241d, M.Ant. 3.5, Hld. 5.12, Porph. Mar 34; 3 sg. ἔστω (ἤτω LXX Ps. 103.31, and late Inscrr., CIG 2664, al.; but in Pl. R. 361c leg. ἴτω), Dor. εἴτω, ἤτω, Heraclid. ap. Eust. 1411.21, Elean ἤστω Schwyzer 424; 3 pl. ἔστωσαν, but ἔστων Hom., Pl. R. 502a, ὄντων Id. Lg. 879b, and early Att. Inscrr., IG 12.22, etc. (ἔστωσαν first in ii B. C., ib.22.1328), Dor. ἐόντων ib.1126: subj. ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, ἔω Od. 9.18; 3 sg. ἔῃ Il. 12.300,al. (also ἔῃσι 2.366, al., ᾖσι (ν) 19.202, Hes. Op. 294), also Boeot. ἔνθω IG 7.3172.165, μετείω Il. 23.47 and perh. εἴῃ 9.245, etc.; Dor. 3 pl. ὦντι SIG 940.3 (Crete), ἔωντι GDI 5040.14 (Hierapytna), Boeot. ἴωνθι IG 7.3171.46 (iii B. C.): opt. εἴην, -ης (εἴησθα Thgn. 715), - η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Il. 9.284, 142, al., cf. Hdt. 7.6; 3 pl. εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1911.133 (Gonni); 3 dual εἴτην Pl. Prm. 149e, Sph. 243e; 1 pl. εἶμεν E. Alc. 921 (lyr.), Pl.; 2 pl. εἶτε Od. 21.195; 3 pl. εἶεν Il. 2.372, etc., εἴησαν Hdt. 1.2, etc.; Elean ἔα, = εἴη, SIG 9 (vi B. C.), and σύν-εαν, = συνεῖεν, GDI 1149 (vi B. C.): inf. εἶναι, Arc. ἦναι SIG 306.9 (Tegea, iv B. C.); ἔμμεναι (also Aeol. ἔμμεν' Sapph. 34), ἔμμεν (also Pi. P. 6.42, S. Ant. 623 (lyr.)), ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also ἔμειν SIG 1166 (Dodona); Dor. εἶμεν Foed. ap. Th. 5.77, 79, IG 7.1.7 (Megara), ἦμεν Test.Epict. 5.16, Tab.Heracl. 1.75, Cret. ἦμεν or ἤμην Leg.Gort. 1.15, al., GDI 4998i 2, al., Megar. εἴμεναι Ar. Ach. 775, εἴμειν IG 12(1).155.100 (Rhodes), 14.952 (Agrigentum); εἶν ib. 12(9).211.10 (Eretria), SIG 135.4 (Olynthus), etc.: part. ὤν, ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Cypr. ἰών Inscr.Cypr. 135.23 H.; Boeot. fem. ἰῶσα IG 7.3172.116 (Orchom.), Aeol. and Dor. fem. ἔσσα Sapph. 75.4, IG 4.952.2 (Epid.), Theoc. 28.16, ἐοῖσα Pi. P. 4.265, ἔασσα Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 9, Diotog. ap. Stob. 4.7.62, εὖσα Erinn. 5.5 (also Ion., Herod. 5.16, εὔντων 2.85), ἐᾶσα Ti.Locr. 96d, IG 5(1).1470.8 (Messene), ἴαττα Leg.Gort. 8.47; acc. sg. εὖντα Theoc. 2.3; nom. sg. εἴς in Heraclid. ap. Eust. 1756.13, pl. ἔντες Tab.Heracl. 1.117; dat. pl. ἔντασσι ib.104; gen. pl. παρ-έντων Alcm. 64: impf. ἦν Il. 2.77, etc., ἔον (also Aeol., Alc. 127, Sapph. Oxy. 1787 Fr. 3 ii 21), in Att. ἦ (dub. in Aeol., Alc. Supp. 14.9), Ar. Pl. 77, Pl. Phd. 61b, etc., but usu. altered to ἦν in codd. (and ἦν is required by metre in E. Ion 280), contr. from and Ion. ἦα (Il. 5.808, al., IG 12(8).449.2 (Thasos), whence Hom.and later Ion. ἔᾱ Il. 4.321, al., ἔας Hdt. 1.187, ἔατε Id. 4.119); Ephesians 3:1-21 sg. ἦεν, always with ν in Hom.; ἔην as 1 sg., only Il. 11.762 (s. v.l., al. ἔον), freq. as 3 sg. (generally before a consonant, so that ἔεν is possible), sts. also ἤην; 2 sg. ἦσθα, later ἦς (wh. is v.l. in Pi. I. 1.26), sts. in LXX (Jd. 11.35, Ruth 3:2,al.), cf. Pl. Ax. 365e, Erinn. 4.4,.Matthew 25:21, al., ἦσθας Men. Epit. 156, ἔησθα; 3 sg. ἦν, ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (v. supr.), Dor. and Aeol. ἦς Alc. Supp. 30.1, Epich. 102, Sophr. 59, Theoc. 2.90, SIG 241.145 (Delph.); 3 dual ἤστην Il. 5.10, E. Hipp. 387, Ar. Eq. 982, Pl. Euthd. 272a, al.; Dor. 1 pl. ἦμες Plu. Lyc. 21; 2 pl. ἦτε Pl. Euthd. 276c, ἦστε Ar. Pax 821, Ec. 1086; 3 pl. ἦσαν, Ion. and Poet. ἔσαν (in Hes. Th. 321, 825, ἦν is not pl. for ἦσαν, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, v. infr. v, but is 3 pl. in Epich. 46, al., SIG 560.15 (Epidamnus, iii B. C.)); Aeol. ἔον Schwyzer 644.12; later ἤμην PSI 4.362.21 (iii B. C.), SIG 527.46 (Crete, iii B. C.), IGRom. 4.1740 (Cyme), always in LXX as Ba. 1.19, cf. Matthew 23:30, Plu. 2.174a, etc., and sts. in codd. of earlier writers, Lys. 7.34, Trag.Adesp. 124 (cited from E. Hel. 931 by Choerob. and from Id. Tr. 474 by Aps.), X. Cyr. 6.1.9, Hyp. Ath. 26, 2 sg. ἦσο Epigr.Gr. 379 (Aezani), 3 sg. ἦστο Supp.Epigr. 1.455.7 (Phrygia), 1 pl. ἤμεθα PPetr. 2p.11 (iii B. C.), LXX Ba. 1.19, 1 Samuel 25:16, Ephesians 2:3; subj. ὦμαι PBaden 48.12 (ii B. C.), ἦται GDI 1696, ἦνται prob. in IG 5(1).1390.83 (Andania); Ion. and also ἔσκον, used by A. Pers. 656 (lyr.): fut. ἔσομαι, ἔσται, and Aeol. also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσεται; Aeol. 2 sg. ἔσσῃ prob. in Alc. 67, 87; Dor. 2 and 3 sg. ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, Il. 2.393, 13.317, Theoc. 10.5, 3 pl. ἐσσοῦνται Foed. ap. Th. 5.77 codd. (but ἔσσονται Tab.Heracl. 1.113), inf. ἐσσεῖσθαι Sophr. 57. —
I All forms of the pres. ind. are enclitic (exc. 2 sg. εἶ and 3 pl. ἔασι); but 3 sg. is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ', Hdn.Gr. 1.553 (also μή acc. to EM 301.3); later Gramm. wrote ἔστι as Subst. Verb, Phot., Eust. 880.22. as the Subst. Verb, I of persons, exist, οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ' ἔσσεται Od. 16.437; ἔτ' εἰσί they are still in being, 15.433, cf. S. Ph. 445, etc.; τεθνηῶτος.. μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος Od. 1.289; οὐκέτ' ἐστί he is no more, E. Hipp. 1162; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long- lived, Il. 6.131; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, Th. 2.45, 44; οἱ ὄντες the living, Plb. 9.29.2; ὁ ὤν the Eternal, LXX Exodus 3:14, al., Ph. 1.289; θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες Il. 1.290; ἐσσόμενοι posterity, 2.119; κἀγὼ γὰρ ἦ ποτ', ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ' ἔτι E. Hec. 284; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Pl. Smp. 190c; ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων D. 18.72, cf. Arist. GC 318b25; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα ] Hdt. 3.17, etc.; of cities, ὄλωλεν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ἐστὶ Τροία E. Tr. 1292, cf. Heracl. 491; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Plu. Cat.Ma. 27; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, D. 8.17; of money, to be in hand, τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων IG 12.91.25; τὰ ὄντα property, Pl. Grg. 511a, Plu. Ant. 24, etc.; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ.. future revenue from.., BCH 46.420 (Olymos, i B. C.); of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, Acts 13:1; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, BGU 146.4, etc.; in office, ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων PPar. 5.4 (ii B. C.); αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι ] the powers that be, Romans 13:1.
II
1. of the real world, be, opp. become, γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι Pl. Tht. 152d, etc.; τὸ ὄν Being, Parm. 8.35, Protag. 2, Pl. Ti. 27d, etc.; opp. τὸ μὴ ὄν, Gorg. Fr. 3 D., etc.; οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος Epicur. Ephesians 1 p.5U.; ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐποίησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεός LXX 2 Maccabees 7:28; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, Heraclit. 7, Emp. 129.5, etc.; ὄν indecl., τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, Plot. 6.2.10.
2. of circumstances, events, etc., to happen, τά τ' ἐόντα, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ' ἐόντα Il. 1.70; ἡ ἐσβολὴ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι Th. 2.13, etc.; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, Id. 4.103; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, Id. 1.58; αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται Id. 4.118; τί ἐστιν; what is it? what's the matter? Ar. Th. 193; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; how came it to pass ? Pl. Phd. 58a: repeated with a relat. to avoid a positive assertion, ἔστι δ' ὅπῃ νῦν ἔ. things are as they are, i.e. are ill, A. Ag. 67.
III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, Th. 1.10; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, Pl. Smp. 211c, cf. Phd. 74b; freq. in part., τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, Hdt. 1.95, 116; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth, ib. 30; τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν Th. 7.8; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, S. El. 584, Ar. Ra. 1052; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Pl. Prt. 328d, etc.; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Il. 6.484), X. HG 7.2.9, cf. Pl. La. 196d; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, right ly, Hdt. 1.97; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, Id. 9.11; τοῦ ἐόντος ἀποτεύξεται Hp. VM 2. folld. by the relat., οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one, οὐκ ἔσθ' ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι Il. 22.348; οὐκ ἔ. οὐδεὶς ὅς E. El. 903; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, = οὐδενί, A. Pr. 293 (anap.), cf. 989: freq. in pl., εἰσὶν οἵ, = Lat. sunt qui, used exactly like ἔνιοι, Th. 6.88, 7.44, Pl. Men. 77d, Grg. 503a, etc. (εἰσί τινες οἵ.. Th. 3.24); ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Id. 1.12, 65; ἐστὶν ἃ εἰπεῖν Id. 2.67; ἦσαν οἵ X. An. 5.2.14; the sg. Verb is used even with masc. and fem. pl., ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Hp. Fract. 1, VC 4, X. Cyr. 2.3.16; more freq. in oblique cases, ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν Hdt. 7.187; ἐστὶν ἀφ' ὧν Th. 8.65; ἐστὶ παρ' οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Id. 1.23, 5.25: in questions
εἰ ,
conjunctive particle, used in conditions and in indirect questions.
I. Conditional, if;
1. c. indic., expressing a general assumption;
(a) pres.: seq. indic. pres., Matthew 11:14, Romans 8:25, al.; seq. imperat., Mark 4:23; Mark 9:22, John 15:18, 1 Corinthians 7:9, al.; seq. fut. indic., Luke 16:31, Romans 8:11, al.; seq. pf. or aor., with negation in apodosis, Matthew 12:26, Romans 4:14, al.; similarly, seq. impf., Luke 17:6, John 8:39; seq. quæst., Matthew 6:23 John 5:47; John 7:23; John 8:46, 1 Peter 2:20;
(b) fut.: Matthew 26:33, 1 Peter 2:20;
(c) pf.: John 11:12, Romans 6:5, al.;
(d) aor.: Luke 16:11; Luke 19:8, John 13:32; John 18:23, Revelation 20:15, al.
2. Where the assumption is certain = ἐπεί : Matthew 12:28, John 7:4, Romans 5:17, al.
3. Of an unfulfilled condition, c. indic. impf., aor. or plpf., seq. ἄν , c. imp. or aor. (see ἄν , I, i).
4. C. indic., after verbs denoting wonder, etc., sometimes, but not always, coupled with an element of doubt: Mark 15:44, 1 John 3:13, al.
5. C. indic., as in LXX (Numbers 14:30, 1 Samuel 14:45, al. = Heb. H518), in oaths, with the formula of imprecation understood in a suppressed apodosis (WM, 627; Burton, § 272): Mark 8:12, Hebrews 3:11 (LXX) Hebrews 4:3 (LXX),
6. Rarely (cl.) c. optat., to express a merely possible condition: Acts 24:19; Acts 27:39, 1 Corinthians 14:10; 1 Corinthians 15:37, 1 Peter 3:14; 1 Peter 3:17
II. Interrogative, if, whether.
1. As in cl., in indir. questions after verbs of seeing, asking, knowing, saying, etc: c. indic. Pres., Matthew 26:63, Mark 15:36, Acts 19:2, 2 Corinthians 13:5, al.; fut., Mark 3:2, Acts 8:22, al.; aor., Mark 15:44, 1 Corinthians 1:16, al.; c. subjc. aor. (M, Pr., 194), Philippians 3:12.
2. As in LXX (= Heb. H518 and interrog. הֲ , Genesis 17:17, al.; v. WM, 639 f.; Viteau, i, 22), in direct questions: Mark 8:23 (Tr., WH, txt.), Luke 13:23; Luke 22:49, Acts 19:2, al.
III. With other particles.
1. εἰ ἄρα , εἴγε , εἰ δὲ μήγς , see ἄρα , γε .
2. εἰ δὲ καί , but if also: Luke 11:18; but even of, 1 Corinthians 4:7, 2 Corinthians 4:3; 2 Corinthians 11:6.
3. εἰ δὲ μή , but if not, but if otherwise: Mark 2:21-22, John 14:2, Revelation 2:5, al.
4. εἰ καί , if even, if also, although: Mark 14:29, Luke 11:8, 1 Corinthians 7:21, 2 Corinthians 4:16, Philippians 2:17, al.
5. καί εἰ , even if see καί .
6. εἰ μή , if not, unless, except, but only: Matthew 24:22, Mark 2:26; Mark 6:5, John 9:33, 1 Corinthians 7:17 (only), Galatians 1:19 (cf. ἐὰν μή , 216; v. Hort., Ja., xvi); ἐκτὸς εἰ μή , pleonastic (Bl., § 65, 6), 1 Corinthians 14:5; 1 Corinthians 15:2, 1 Timothy 5:19..
7. εἰ μήν = cl. ἦ μήν (M, Pr., 46), in oaths, surely (Ezekiel 33:27, al.): Hebrews 6:14.
8. εἴ πως , if haply: Acts 27:12, Romans 1:10.
9. εἴτε . . . εἴτε , whether . . . or: Romans 12:6-8, 1 Corinthians 3:22; 1 Corinthians 13:8, al.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
εἰκῆ is found in P Lips I. 104.29 (B.C. 96–5) (= Witkowski.2, p. 118) εἰκῆ ἐφ᾽ ἁλ ̣λ ̣α ̣χ ̣ῆ βαδίζετε. Witkowski notes that the meaning may be either ";audacter"; or ";frustra"; : cf. P Leid G.15 (B.C. 181–145) εἰκῆ καὶ ὡς ἔτυχεν, where the editor translates ";temere et forte."; For εἰκαῖος see P Ryl II. 235.12 (ii/A.D.) ἀλλὰ οὐ πρώτως σου τὸ εἰκαῖον μανθάνομεν, ";but it is not the first time that we learn your heedlessness"; (Edd.). Since εἰκῆ is an adverbial dat. like ἰδίᾳ, δημοσίᾳ, and the ancient inscriptional evidence shows some confusion, we cannot be certain whether to write εἰκῆ or εἰκῇ : see Moulton Gr. ii. § 66.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
