the Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #5057 - τελώνης
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- a renter or farmer of taxes
- among the Romans, usually a man of equestrian rank
- a tax gatherer, collector of taxes or tolls, one employed by a publican or farmer general in the collection of taxes. The tax collectors were as a class, detested not only by the Jews, but by other nations also, both on account of their employment and of the harshness, greed, and deception, with which they did their job.
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τελών-ης, ου, ὁ,
(τέλος 1.8, ὠνέομαι)
farmer or collector of tolls, customs, or taxes, Ar. Eq. 248 (troch.), Aeschin. 1.119, Herod. 6.64, PCair.Zen. 31.20 (iii B.C.), UPZ 113.8 (ii B.C.), Aristocl. ap. Eus. PE 15.2, etc.: freq. with a sense of reproach, πάντες τελῶναι, πάντες εἰσὶν ἅρπαγες, of the Oropians, Xeno 1; ἐφ' οἷς ἂν καὶ τελώνης σεμνυνθείη βάναυσος Plb. 12.13.9, cf. Gal. 8.587, 9.804; = Lat. publicanus, Matthew 5:46, al.; πορνοβοσκοὶ καὶ τ. Asp. in EN 102.21.
τελώνης, τελωνου, ὁ (from τέλος ((which see 2)) tax, and ὠνέομαι to buy; cf. δημοσιώνης, ὀψώνης, δεκατωνης), from Aristophanes, Aeschines, Aristotle, Polybius down;
1. a renter or farmer of taxes (Latinpublicanus); among the Romans usually a man of equestrian rank.
2. a tax-gatherer, collector of taxes or tolls (Vulg. publicanus incorrectly: (so A. V. publican)), one employed by a publican or farmer-general in collecting the taxes. The tax-collectors were, as a class, detested not only by the Jews but by other nations also, both on account of their employment and of the harshness, greed, and deception, with which they prosecuted it; (hence, they are classed by Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 1, 23; 4, 57, with καπηλοις καί τοῖς μετά ἀναιδειας ζῶσι καί λῃσταῖς καί ζυγοκρουσταις καί παραλογισταις ἀνθρώποις; Lucian, necyom. c. 11 puts together μοιχοί, πορνοβοσκοι καί τελῶναι καί κολακες καί συκοφανται (Theophrastus, charact. 6 (περί ἀπονοίας) πανδοχευσαι, καί πορνοβοσκησαι, καί τελωνησαι)): Matthew 5:46, 47 Rec.;
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* τελώνης , -ου , ὁ (< τέλος , ὠνέομαι ),
1. a farmer of taxes (Let. publicanus).
2. A subordinate of the former, who collected taxes or tolls in a particular district, a tax-gatherer (EV, publican): Matthew 5:46; Matthew 10:3, Luke 3:12; Luke 5:27; Luke 5:29; Luke 7:29; Luke 18:10-11; Luke 18:13; pl., τ . κ . ἁμαρτωλοί , Matthew 9:10-11; Matthew 11:19, Mark 2:15-16, Luke 5:30; Luke 7:34; Luke 15:1; τ . κ . πόρναι , Matthew 21:31-32; ὁ ἐθνικὸς κ . ὁ τ ., Matthew 18:17 (cf. DB, iv, 172; ext., 394 f.; MM, xxiv).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";change."; The plur. τροπάς is found apparently with reference to the ";turnings"; of water-wheels for irrigation purposes in P Flor II. 167.17 (iii/A.D.) : cf. ib. 214.12 (A.D. 255) μίαν τροπήν. For the common meaning ";solstice,"; θερινή and χειμερινή, see P Hib I. 27.120 (calendar—B.C. 301–240) ἡλίου τροπαὶ εἰς θέρος, cf. .210, P Ryl I. 27.57 al. (astronomical treatise—iii/A.D.), Syll 870 (= .31264).4 (iv/B.C.) τροπα [ὶ ] χειμεριναί, and Preisigke 358.6 ff.(sun-dial—iii/B.C.) ἀπὸ χειμερινῶν δὲ τροπῶν [ἐ ]πὶ θερινὰς τροπὰς μεθιστάμενο [ν τ ]ὸ ἄκρον τῆς σκιᾶς.
The verb τρέπω does not occur in the NT, but we may compare P Oxy VI. 935.5 (iii/A.D.) θεῶν συνλαμβανόντων ἡ ἀδελφὴ ἐπὶ τ [ὸ ] κομψότερον ἐτράπη, ";with the assistance of heaven our sister has taken a turn for the better"; (Edd.) with John 4:52 : see also the Christian letter ib. 939.17 (iv/A.C.) (= Selections, p. 129), where a dependent informs his master regarding his mistress—ἐπὶ τ ]ὸ ῥᾷον ἔδοξεν τετράφθαι, ";she seemed to have taken a turn for the better.";
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
