the Week of Proper 26 / Ordinary 31
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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3525 - νήφω
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- to be sober, to be calm and collected in spirit
- to be temperate, dispassionate, circumspect
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νήφω,
Dor. νάφω (v. infr. II), used by early writers only in pres., mostly in part.: later impf. ἔνηφον Chor. in RPhil. 1877.67: aor. ἔνηψα 1 Peter 4:7, Orac. ap. Ael. Fr. 103, J. AJ 11.3.3, Procl. in Prm. p.741 S., (ἐξ-) Aret. SD 1.5, (ἀν-) Nic.Dam. 4 J.: —
I to be sober, drink no wine, οὔτε τι γὰρ ν. οὔτε λίην μεθύω Thgn. 478; νήφειν Archil. 4, Pl. Smp. 213e, al.: part. νήφων as Adj., = νηφάλιος, Hdt. 1.133, Ar. Lys. 1228; ὑμῖν ἀντέκυρσα.. νήφων ἀοίνοις S. OC 100; ὑπ' ἐχθροῦ νήφοντος ὑβριζόμην D. 21.74; τὸ τοὺς μεθύοντας... πλείω ζημίαν ἀποτίνειν τῶν ν. Lex Pittaciap. Arist. Pol. 1274b20; μεθύοντα.. παρὰ νηφόντων λόγους παραβάλλειν Pl. Smp. 214c; ν. θεός, i.e. water, Id. Lg. 773d: prov., τὸ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τοῦ νήφοντος ἐπὶ τῆς γλώττης τοῦ μεθύοντος Plu. 2.503f; [Ἀναξαγόρας] οἷον ν. ἑφάνη παρ' εἰκῇ λέγοντας Arist. Metaph. 984b17; νήφων μεθύοντα ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης θεᾶται X. Smp. 8.21; τὸ νῆφον ὑπὸ τοῦ πάθους βυθίζεται Alciphr. 1.13.
II
1. metaph., to be self-controlled, Pl. Lg. 918d; to be sober and wary, νᾶφε καὶ μέμνασ' ἀπιστεῖν Epich. [250]; γρηγορῶμεν καὶ νήφωμεν 1 Thessalonians 5:6; νήψατε εἰς προσευχάς 1 Pet. l.c.; νήφων καὶ πεφροντικώς Plu. 2.800b; ν. καὶ φροντιστής Gal. 17(1).991; προμηθής τε καὶ ν. Hdn. 2.15.1; καρδίῃ νήφοντος Poet. ap. Longin. 34.4; ν. λογισμός Epicur. Ephesians 3 p.64U.
2. ν. ἐκ κακοῦ recover oneself from.., Ach.Tat. 1.13; ἐγερθέντων καὶ νηψάντων ἀπὸ τῆς πτώσεως Procl.l.c.
νήφω; 1 aorist imperative 2 person plural νήψατε; from Theognis, Sophocles, Xenophon down; to be sober; in the N. T. everywhere tropically, to be calm and collected in spirit; to be temperate, dispassionate, circumspect: 1 Thessalonians 5:6, 8; 2 Timothy 4:5; 1 Peter 1:13; 1 Peter 5:8; εἰς τάς προσευχάς, unto (the offering of) prayer, 1 Peter 4:7. (Synonym: see ἀγρυπνέω; and on the word see Ellicott on Timothy, the passage cited Compare: ἀνανήφω, ἐκνήφω.)
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* νήφω ,
to be sober, abstain from wine; metaph., of moral alertness, to be sober, calm, circumspect: 1 Thessalonians 5:6; 1 Thessalonians 5:8, 2 Timothy 4:5 (v. Ellic., in l), 1 Peter 1:13; 1 Peter 4:7; 1 Peter 5:8
(cf. ἐκ -, ἐκ -νήφω , and v. MM, xvii).†
SYN.: ἀγρυπνέω G69, γρηγορέω G1127.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
Ἡ οἰκουμένη (γῆ), ";the inhabited world,"; is a common designation of the Roman Empire, orbis terrarum : cf. e.g. the notification of the accession of Nero, P Oxy VII. 1021.5 ff. (A.D. 54) ὁ δὲ τῆς οἰκουμένης καὶ προσδοκηθεὶς καὶ ἐλπισθεὶς Αὐτοκράτωρ ἀποδέδεικται, ἀγαθὸς δαίμων δὲ τῆς οἰκου ̣μένης [ἀρ ]χὴ ̣ ὤν [[μ ̣ε ̣γ ̣ι ̣σ ̣]] τ ̣ε πάντων ἀγαθῶν Νέρων Καῖσαρ ἀποδέδεικται, ";and the expectation and hope of the world has been declared Emperor, the good genius of the world and source of all good things, Nero, has been declared Caesar";(Ed.) : cf. OGIS 666.3, 668.5. Similarly Preisigke 176.2 (A.D. 161–180) with reference to Marcus Aurelius—τὸν εὐεργέτην καὶ σωτῆρα τῆς ὅλης οἰκου [μένης. In ib. 1070 (Abydos) a god [Besa ?] is invoked as—ἄψευστον καὶ δι᾽ ὅλης οἰκουμέν (ης) μαρτυρούμενον. See also such magic invocations as P Lond 121.704 (iii/A.D.) (=I. p. 107) σὲ καλῶ τὸν καταλάμποντα τὴν ὅλην οἰκουμένην, P Leid V ii. 9 (iii/iv A.D.) ἥκε μοι ο (l. ὦ) δέσποτα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἐπιλάμπων τῇ οἰκουμένῃ. A very early instance of the phrase occurs in PSI V. 541.7 where a certain Aigyptos supplicates Ptolemy II. or III.—σοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης πάσης βασιλεύοντος : cf. 1 Esdras 2:3. We may add a new ex. from the New Comedy in P Hib I. 5 Fr. (a).16 τῆς οἰκουμένης | ἱερὰ σαφῶς αὕτη ᾽στὶν ἡ χώρα μόνη. It is hardly necessary to point out that the pleasant hyperbole of Luke 2:1, Acts 11:28 (cf. Ramsay Paul p. 48 f.) al. must not be pressed too far.
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