Bible Lexicons

זבב (√ of following; compare Arabic go hither and thither (of a man); make to dangle, or move to and fro, of a thing suspended in the air; but in this sense perhaps denominative)

זֶה demonstrative pronoun and

adverb; feminine זֹאת, once זֹאתָה, Jeremiah 26:6 Kt (also זֹה and זוֺ, q. v.); common זוּ (q. v.): this, here (the element ז = = is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstrative particle, often acquiring, like English that, German der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus

a. Phoenician זֶ this (e.g. קבר ז this grave), also sometimes זן, feminine זא, comm. אז (see CIS I. i. 1:4; 1:5; 1:6; 1:12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the Genitive [literally that of] (CIS II. i. 1,2, 3,4, etc., 65,69-71,113, 114,141, 142, etc.), זנה this ( ib. 113:22; 145 C²), feminine זא 113:15; 145 B⁵; Aramaic of Zinjirli ז, זן, זנה this, זי which (DHM ^{Sendsch. 56}); Ethiopic ze, this, feminine z¹, za, who (masculine), also (like זִי, and דִּי, דְּ [see below]) in common use as a mark of the Genitive;

b. Arabic this, feminine , (genitive , accusative , feminine ), possessor of (literally that of . . ., i.e. one who owns), or in the Tayyite dialect, who, which: from , with lo! prefixed, this, feminine , with the pronominal element #NAME? affixed, = this: with 'al (= the article) + a demonstrative element la prefixed, who, which (in origin = Hebrew הַלָּזֶה this, q. v.); Sabean דֿן this, feminine דֿת, דֿ who, which, feminine דֿת (Prä ^{ZMG. 1872,419}, DHM ^{ZMG. 1883,338f.}, also ^{Epigr. Denkm. 65});

c. Biblical Aramaic דִּי which, דֵּךְ, דִּכֵּן, דְּנָה (q. v.) this, feminine דָּא (= זֹאת), דָּךְ; Palmyrene and Nabataean די which, דנה this; ᵑ7דְּ which, דֵּין, דֵּיכֵּי this, feminine דָּא; with הא lo! prefixed, הָדֵין, הָדָא (Syriac , contracted from ), ; Syriac who, which; Samaritan who, which, this, feminine Mandean ד who, which, דהֿ this (rare), more commonly האדין, האזין (Nö ^{Mand § 80,81}). Alike in Hebrew and the other dialects, the corresponding plur. is derived from a different source: Hebrew אֵלָּה, Phoenician אל, Ethiopic 'ell¥, 'ell¹, these, 'ella, who, Arabic , these, , owners of, Sabean אלן these, אל, אלי who, which, Aramaic אִלֵּין, with הא lo! prefixed, , Samaritan , Mandean עלין. Only the Arabic forms its own plural . V. further W ^{SG 107 ff.}) —

1 standing alone:

a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with אֵת), Genesis 2:23 לָזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁהכִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקֳּחָהזּֿאֹת, Genesis 5:29 זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ ֗֗֗ , Genesis 12:12; Genesis 38:28; Exodus 10:7 עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֺקֵשׁ, 1 Samuel 10:27 מַהיּוֺשִׁיעֵנוּ זֶה how shall this man save us ? 1 Samuel 16:8,9; 1 Samuel 21:16 that ye have brought אֶתזֶֿה this fellow to play the madman against me ? 1 Samuel 25:21 in vain have I kept אֶתכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר לָזֶה all that this fellow hath etc. 2 Samuel 13:17 אֶתזֹֿאת, 1 Kings 22:27 אֶתזֶֿה, Micah 5:4; Isaiah 66:2; as a Genitive, Genesis 29:27,28; 1 Kings 21:2; with a collective force Leviticus 11:4,9 (= Deuteronomy 14:7,9), Deuteronomy 14:21; Deuteronomy 14:29; Judges 20:16,17 (כָּלזֶֿה), Job 19:19 (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an Acts , event, announcement, etc.) זאת is most common, as with עשׂה to do this Genesis 3:14; Genesis 20:5,6; Genesis 45:19 and often, שׁמעו זאת Amos 8:4; Isaiah 47:8; Isaiah 48:1,16; Isaiah 51:21 and elsewhere; Genesis 41:39; Exodus 17:14; Deuteronomy 32:6; Judges 7:14; Judges 21:3 לָמָההָֽ֗֗֗יְתָה זֹאת (compare Job 1:13; Psalm 118:23) 1 Kings 11:39; 2 Samuel 7:19; 2 Kings 3:18 +; אֵין זֹאת 1 Samuel 20:2 b compare Amos 2:11 rarely so with אֶתֿ Joshua 22:24; Jeremiah 9:11; Psalm 92:7; as an accusative of limitation, as regards this, in this, Ezekiel 20:27; Ezekiel 36:37; Job 19:26 (si vera lectio), Job 33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) אַחֲרֵי זֹאת Job 42:16; Ezra 9:10, כלזֿאת׳א 2 Chronicles 21:18; 35:20; pointing forward to a following clause, Genesis 42:18; Genesis 43:11; Numbers 8:24; Numbers 14:35; Isaiah 56:2; Job 10:13 etc.; Exodus 9:16; 1 Samuel 25:31; Isaiah 1:12 מִי דִקֵּשׁ זאת מִיֶּדְכֶםרְמֹס חֲצֵרָֽי׃; to one introduced by כִּי 2 Samuel 19:22; Psalm 102:19; Psalm 119:50; Psalm 119:56 (see also בְּזֹאת 6b β): but זֶה also sometimes occurs similarly Exodus 13:8; Proverbs 24:12; Job 15:17; Nehemiah 2:2; Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 2:15 גם זה הבל (so Ecclesiastes 2:19; Ecclesiastes 2:21; Ecclesiastes 2:23 +), Ecclesiastes 7:18 (twice in verse); of a concrete object, Exodus 30:31; 2 Kings 4:43 מָה אֶתֵּן זֶהלִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ: in late Hebrew, Nehemiah 13:6 בְּכָלזֶֿה during all this, 2 Chronicles 32:9 אַחַר זֶה; pointing forwards Lamentations 2Chron 5:17f., to כִּי Psalm 56:10; je Psalm 22:21. (See also below, 6g.)

b. repeatedזֶהזֶ֗֗֗ה, this . . . that, the one . . . the other or (if indefinite) another, Genesis 29:27 (זֹאת), Exodus 14:20 וְלֹא קָרַב זֶה אֶל זֶה, 1 Kings 3:23; 1 Kings 22:20; Isaiah 6:3; Isaiah 44:5 (3t.), Psalm 75:8 זֶה יַשְׁמִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים, Job 1:16-18; Job 21:23,25 +.

2 In apposition to a substantive:

a. preceding it (rare) Exodus 32:1,23 זֶה משֶׁה, Judges 5:5 (= Psalm 68:9) זֶה סִינַי this Sinai, Joshua 9:12 זֶה לַחְמֵנוּ this our bread, 1 Kings 14:14; 2 Kings 6:33; Isaiah 23:13 זֶה הָעָם, Psalm 34:7; Psalm 49:14; Psalm 104:25 ׳זה הים גדול וג this sea there is great and broad, Psalm 118:20; Song of Solomon 7:8; Ezra 3:12. (compare זוּ Habakkuk 1:11.)

b. following it: — (a) when the substantive is determined by a pronominal affix, Genesis 24:8 שְׁבוּעָתִי זֹאת, this my oath, Deuteronomy 5:16 O that לְבָבָם זֶה this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! Deuteronomy 21:20; Joshua 2:14,20 דְּבָרֵנוּ זֶה, Judges 6:14 go בְּכֹחֲךָ זֶה in this thy strength, Daniel 10:17; 2 Chronicles 24:18. (compare אֵלֶּה, a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, 2 Kings 1:2 חֳלִי זֶה ( Song of Solomon 2Kings 8:8,9), Psalm 80:15 (β) with the article, הַזֶּה, הַזּאֹת, after a substantive determined also by the article, Genesis 7:1 בַּדּוֺר הַזֶּה, Genesis 7:13 הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה, Genesis 12:7 הָאָרֶץ הַזּאֹת, Genesis 15:7; Genesis 17:21,23; Deuteronomy 4:6 הגוי הגדול הזה, and continually. Not however after a proper name, except such as are construed with the article, as הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Genesis 32:11; Deuteronomy 3:27; Deuteronomy 31:2; Joshua 1:2,11; Joshua 4:22, הַלְּבָנוֺןהַזֶּה Joshua 1:4, compare Numbers 27:12 = Deuteronomy 32:49 ( 2 Kings 5:20 הַזֶּה belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever ( 2 Chronicles 1:10 after a noun with a pronominal affix ( Joshua 2:17 מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְהַזֶּה the Gender of הזה shews that the text is in error: see Dr^{§ 209} Obs.).

3 More oft. as predicate, as 1 Samuel 24:17 הֲקוֺלְךָ זֶה, 2 Kings 3:23 דָּם זֶה this is blood, 2 Kings 9:37 זֹאת אִיזָָֽבֶל׃, Ezekiel 5:5 etc.; הֲזֶה Isaiah 14:16, הֲזֹאת Isaiah 23:7; Lamentations 2:15; often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Genesis 5:1 זה ספר this is the book . . ., Genesis 9:12 זֹאת אוֺת הַבְּרִית, Genesis 17:10; Genesis 20:13 זֶה חַסְדֵּךְ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשִׂי עִמָּדִי, Leviticus 6:2; Leviticus 6:13; Leviticus 6:18; Leviticus 7:1,11; Deuteronomy 6:1; Deuteronomy 33:1; Joshua 13:2; Job 27:13; Isaiah 58:6 etc.; זה הדבר אשׁר ֗֗֗ Exodus 16:16; Exodus 35:4; Joshua 5:4; Judges 20:9; Judges 21:11; Isaiah 27:22; Jeremiah 38:21 +, compare זה אשׁר ֗֗֗ this is what ( or how) . . . Genesis 6:15; Exodus 29:38; Jeremiah 33:16; זֶה לְךָ הָאוֺת Exodus 3:12; 1 Samuel 2:34 +; at the end, Leviticus 7:37; Leviticus 11:46; Leviticus 13:50; Numbers 5:21; Numbers 7:17,23etc., Joshua 19:8,16,23etc., Isaiah 14:26; Isaiah 16:13 (זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ ), Isaiah 17:14; Isaiah 54:17; Jeremiah 13:25; Psalm 109:20; Song of Solomon 5:16 (twice in verse); Job 5:27, in the latter case sometimes with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), Job 18:21; Job 20:29 (compare אֵלֶּה Psalm 73:12), Psalm 24:6; Psalm 48:15 such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) Zephaniah 2:15; compare Job 14:3 אַףעַֿלזֶֿה upon one such as this ( Job 14:1; Job 14:2) dost thou open thy eyes?

4 It is attached enclitically, almost as an adverb, to certain words, especially interrogative pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in English idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view מי זה and מי הוא: see הוא 4b. Thus

a.אֵיזֶֿה₁₅ where, then ? Job 28:12 אֵיזֶֿה מְקוֺם בִּינָה, Job 28:20; Job 38:19 b (see other examples below אַי 1 b, p. 32).

b.מִיזֶֿה, 1 Samuel 17:55,56 בֶּןמִֿיזֶֿ֖ההָעָֽלֶם׃ the son of whom, here, is the lad ? Jeremiah 49:19 (= Jeremiah 50:44) ׳וּמִי זֶה רֹעֶה אֲשֶׁר וג and who (emphatic) is the shepherd that etc., Lamentations 3:37; Psalm 24:8 Who is the king of glory ? (for which in Psalm 24:10 the stronger מִי הוּא זֶה is said: so Jeremiah 30:21; Esther 7:5), Esther 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this . . . is admissible: Isaiah 63:1; Jeremiah 46:7; Job 38:2; Job 42:3; compare מִיזֹֿאת Song of Solomon 3:6; Song of Solomon 6:10; Song of Solomon 8:5.

c.מַהזֶֿה how, now ? Genesis 27:20; Judges 18:24 וּמַהזֶּֿה תּאֹמְרוּ אֵלַי and how, now, do ye say to me . . . ? 1 Kings 21:5; 2 Kings 1:5; what, now ? (τίποτε;) 1 Samuel 10:11 מַהזֶּֿה הָיָה לְבֶןקִֿישׁ; עַלמַֿהאזֶּה for what ? Nehemiah 2:4: contracted into מַזֶּה Exodus 4:2. (compare Aramaic מָדֵין why ? used as a conjunction therefore, e.g. 2 Samuel 18:22 ᵑ6, PS^{2013: both formed similarly}.)

d.מַהזּֿאֹת in the phrase (עֲשִׂיתֶם, עָשִׂית) מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 12:18; Genesis 26:10; Genesis 29:25; Genesis 42:28; Exodus 14:11; Judges 2:2; Judges 15:11 +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done ? (Fl De) or what is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done ? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresponding phrase in Arabic ; De ^{Genesis 3:13 (ed. 4)}, and especially Fl ^{Kl Schr. i. 356} Lane ^{p. 948}.)

e.לָ˜מָּהזֶּֿה wherefore, now ? Genesis 18:13; Genesis 25:22; Genesis 32:30; Exodus 5:22; Numbers 11:20 #NAME?

f. הַאַתָּה זֶה 2 Samuel 2:20 האתה זה עשׂהאל Art thou Asahel ? 1 Kings 18:7,17, without הֲ Genesis 27:24; in an indirect question Genesis 27:21.

g.הִנֵּה זֶה behold, here . . . 1 Kings 19:5 (in narrative), Isaiah 21:9; Song of Solomon 2:8,9. compare Numbers 13:17 (unusual) עֲלוּ זֶה בַּנֶּגֶבּ go up here in the South.

h.עַתָּה זֶה, 1 Kings 17:24 עַתָּה זֶה יָדַעְתִּי now I know that . . ., 2 Kings 5:22 just now. Also

i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: Genesis 27:36 he hath supplanted me זֶה פַעֲמַיִם now two times (so Genesis 43:10), Genesis 31:38 now, already twenty years, Genesis 31:41 (זֶהלִּֿי ֗֗֗ , Genesis 45:6; Numbers 14:22 now ten times, Numbers 22:28,32 זֶה שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים, Deuteronomy 8:2,4; Joshua 22:3 זֶה יָמִים רַבִּים, 2 Samuel 14:2 +; Zechariah 7:3 זֶה כַּמָּה שָׁנִים already how many years! compare Ruth 2:7.

5 In poetry, as a relative pronoun (rare: but see also זוֺ, זוּ): Psalm 74:2 the hill of Zion זה שׁכנת בּוֺ wherein thou dwellest, Psalm 78:54; Psalm 104:8 אלמְֿקום זה to the place ( stative construct Ges^{§ 130}. 3) which . . . Psalm 78:26; Proverbs 23:22; Isaiah 25:9; = that which Job 15:17, those who Job 19:19 (so once, Exodus 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה with the preceding substantive, and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַרֶֿ™זה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, 'this mountain, (which) thy right hand,' etc.

6 With prefixes (in special senses): —

a.בָּזֶה₁₅ in this (place), here, Genesis 38:21,22; Exodus 24:14; Numbers 23:1 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 1:26; 1 Samuel 9:11 +; of time, then, Esther 2:13. Once בַּזֶה 1 Samuel 21:10.

b.בְּזֹאת (a) with this = on these conditions, Genesis 34:15,22; 1 Samuel 11:2; Isaiah 27:9; = herewith, thus provided Leviticus 16:3. (β) by or through this (especially with יָדַע), Genesis 42:15,33; Exodus 7:17; Numbers 16:28; Joshua 3:10; Psalm 41:12; so בָּזֹאת Malachi 3:10. (γ) in spite of this, Leviticus 26:27; Psalm 27:3, for which the fuller בְּכָלזֹֿאת occurs, Isaiah 5:25; Isaiah 9:11; Isaiah 9:16; Isaiah 9:20; Isaiah 10:4; Psalm 78:32; Jeremiah 3:10; Hosea 7:10. (δ) בָּזֹאת for this cause (late style) 1 Chronicles 27:24; 2 Chronicles 19:2; in this matter 2 Chronicles 20:17;

c.כָּזֶה ( a) Genesis 41:38 הֲנִמְצָא כָזֶה אִישׁ אשׁר ֗֗֗ , Isaiah 56:12; Isaiah 58:5; Jeremiah 5:9 גּוֺי אֲשֶׁר כָּזֶה (so Jeremiah 5:29; Jeremiah 9:8). (β) כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה thus and thus, Judges 18:4; 2 Samuel 11:25; 1 Kings 14:5.

d.כְּזֹאת the like of this = as follows,