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Monday, December 4th, 2023
the First Week of Advent

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Bible Lexicons

Old Testament Hebrew Lexical DictionaryHebrew Lexicon

Strong's #05594 - סָפַד

Transliteration

çâphad

Phonetics

saw-fad'

Origin

a primitive root

Parts of Speech

Verb

TWOT

1530

Definition

Brown-Driver-Briggs
Strong

Brown-Driver-Briggs'

1) to wail, lament, mourn

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to wail, lament

1a2) wailers (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to be lamented, be bewailed

Greek Equivalent Words:

Strong #: 2799 ‑ κλαίω (klah'‑yo); 2875 ‑ κόπτω (kop'‑to);

Frequency Lists

Book
Word

Verse Results

KJV (30)

Genesis 2

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

1 Kings 4

Ecclesiastes 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 9

Ezekiel 2

Joel 1

Micah 1

Zechariah 3

NAS (31)

Genesis 2

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

1 Kings 4

Ecclesiastes 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 9

Ezekiel 2

Joel 1

Micah 1

Zechariah 4

HCS (30)

Genesis 2

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

1 Kings 4

Ecclesiastes 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 9

Ezekiel 2

Joel 1

Micah 1

Zechariah 3

BSB (32)

Genesis 2

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

1 Kings 4

Ecclesiastes 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 9

Ezekiel 2

Joel 1

Micah 2

Zechariah 4

ESV (30)

Genesis 2

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

1 Kings 4

Ecclesiastes 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 9

Ezekiel 2

Joel 1

Micah 1

Zechariah 3

WEB (30)

Genesis 2

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

1 Kings 4

Ecclesiastes 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 9

Ezekiel 2

Joel 1

Micah 1

Zechariah 3

KJV (30)

lament 9

lamented 4

mourn 8

mourned 6

mourners 1

mourneth 1

wail 1

NAS (31)

Beat 1

Lament 1

lament 8

lamented 5

mourn 8

mourned 6

mourners 1

mourns 1

HCS (30)

Beat 1

I will lament 1

They mourned 1

They will mourn 1

and lament 1

be mourned 2

had mourned 1

lament 4

lament will be made 1

lamented 1

mourn 6

mourned 1

mourners 1

she mourned 1

they lamented 1

they mourned 1

to mourn 2

will be the lament 1

will mourn 2

BSB (32)

Beat 1

I will lament 1

They mourned 1

They will mourn 1

and lament 2

and mourn 2

and mourned 1

and mourners 1

and they lamented 1

as one mourns 1

be mourned 2

had mourned 1

is in mourning 1

lament 1

mourn 4

mourned 2

she mourned 1

they lamented 1

to mourn 4

to mourn for him 1

will mourn 2

ESV (30)

Beat 1

lament 9

lamented 4

mourn 9

mourned 6

mourners 1

WEB (30)

* 3

Beat 1

For this I will lament 1

They mourned 1

They shall not lament 1

and lamented 1

and mourn 1

and mourned 1

and the mourners 1

and there they lamented 1

and they mourned 1

had lamented 1

lament 2

neither shall men lament 1

on sackcloth and mourn 1

shall mourn 1

she made lamentation 1

they shall not be lamented 2

they shall not lament 1

to lament 1

to mourn 3

will mourn 1

yet you shall neither mourn 1

you shall not mourn 1

Ancient Hebrew Lexicon Definitions

2495) d p x (ספד SPD) AC: Mourn CO: ? AB: ?

V) d p x (ספד SPD) - Mourn: KJV (30): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Participle) mourn, lament, mourner, wail - Strongs: H5594 (סָפַד)

h^m) d p x m (מספד MSPD) - Mourning: KJV (16): mourning, wailing, lamentation - Strongs: H4553 (מִסְפֵּד)

Brown-Driver-Briggs Expanded Definition

[סָפַד] verb wail, lament (Late Hebrew id.; ᵑ7סְפַד, ChrPalAramaic

id., Schw^{Idioticon 64}; Assyrian [ sapâdu]], sipdu, sipittu, mourning, Dl^{HWB 507}; compare Amharic

dirge Prä^{ZMG xxxv (1881), 762}); —

Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular וְסָֽפְדָה consecutive Zechariah 12:12,3plural וְסָֽפְדוּ consecutive 1 Kings 14:13; Zechariah 12:10; Imperfect 3 feminine singular וַתִּסְמֹּד 2 Samuel 11:26,2masculine singular תִּסְמֹּד Ezekiel 24:16,1singular cohortative אֶסְמְּדָה Micah 1:8,3masculine plural יִסְמְּדוּ Jeremiah 6:16 +, etc.; Imperative masculine plural סִפְדוּ 2 Samuel 3:31 2t.; feminine plural סְפֹ֫דְנָה Jeremiah 49:3; Infinitive absolute סָפוֺד Zechariah 7:5; construct סְפוֺד Ecclesiastes 3:4, לִסְמֹּד Genesis 23:2; 1 Kings 13:29, לִסְמּוֺד Jeremiah 16:5; Participle active plural סֹפְדִים Isaiah 32:12, ׳סוֺ Ecclesiastes 12:5; — wail, lament (with loud cries, etc., see Micah 1:8, and compare Dr^{Amos 5:16}), especially for dead, with לְ, 1 Samuel 25:1; 1 Samuel 28:3; 1 Kings 14:13,18; Genesis 23:2 (P) Jeremiah 16:6; Jeremiah 22:18 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 34:5, compare וְאַלתֵּֿלֵךְ לִסְמּוֺד וְאַלתָּֿנֹד לָהֶם Jeremiah 16:5; with עַלֿ over 2 Samuel 1:12; 2 Samuel 11:26; 1 Kings 13:30, compare Zechariah 12:10 (see Zechariah 12:12 below); with לִפְנֵי i.e. marching before (bier) 2 Samuel 3:31 (see Dr); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Genesis 50:10 (J); absolute 1 Kings 13:29; Ezekiel 24:16 compare Ezekiel 24:23; Ecclesiastes 3:4 (opposed to רקד; compare Psalm 30:12), and participle as substantive Ecclesiastes 12:5 wailers; also, with idea of guilt on part of those wailing, Zechariah 12:12 (compare Zechariah 12:10 above); over calamity, judgment, with עַלֿ Micah 1:8, absolute Jeremiah 4:8 (both + הֵילִיל), Jeremiah 49:3 and (with fasting) Zechariah 7:5; Joel 1:13. — ׳עַלשָֿׁדַיִם סֹפְדִים עַלשְֿׂדֵיחֶֿמֶד וגו Isaiah 32:12 is dubious; Thes Ew De Che and others upon the breasts smiting (?) for the fields, etc., but read probably שָׂדִים (וֺֿת, יִַ֯ם) Ges^Comm. (q. v.) Buhl^{Lex 13Skinner} and others: over the fields wailing, over the delightful fields, etc.

Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine plural לֹא יִסָּֽפְדוּ Jeremiah 16:4 they shall not be bewailed, so Jeremiah 25:33.

שְׂפֹדְנָה Jeremiah 49:3 Masora, < modern editions ׳ס see ספד.

שׂפה (√ of following; compare Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian šaptu, lip, edge; so Syriac ; Arabic lip, edge).

Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Definition

סָפַד fut. יִסְפֹּד to beat the breast, as a sign of grief; especially for the dead. Const. absol. Ecclesiastes 3:4, 12:5 Zechariah 7:5, 12:12 followed by לְ of the person whose death is lamented, 1 Kings 14:13; Genesis 23:2 עַל 2 Samuel 11:26; Jeremiah 4:8; Zechariah 12:10 לִפְנֵי 2 Samuel 3:31. It is sometimes so used as to be applied to the voice of the mourners [to wail], Micah 1:8, “I will make a wailing (מִסְפֵּד) like the jackals.” Jeremiah 22:18, “they shall not lament him (saying), Alas! my brother;” Jeremiah 34:5. Still I hold the proper signification to be that of beating, like the Gr. σφαδάζω; and this the LXX. express in several places (κόπτεσθαι). Isaiah 32:12, עַל־שָׁדַיִם סֹפְדִים “they smite upon the breasts” (comp. Lat. pectora, ubera plangere), spoken of women; comp. Nahum 2:8. There can be no difficulty in referring the word סֹפְדִים to women, since they are expressly mentioned, though at a considerable distance before (comp. also verse 11, חִרְדוּ שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת; see Heb. Gram. § 144, note 1).

Niphal, to be mourned for, lamented, Jeremiah 16:4, 25:33.

Derived noun, מִסְפֵּד.

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List of Word Forms

אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה אספדה הַסֹּפְדִֽים׃ הספדים׃ וְסִפְד֖וּ וְסִפְד֜וּ וְסָֽפְדוּ־ וְסָפ֜וֹד וְסָפְד֣וּ וְסָפְדָ֣ה וַֽיִּסְפְּדוּ֙ וַיִּ֨סְפְּדוּ־ וַיִּסְפְּד֥וּ וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־ וַתִּסְפֹּ֖ד ויספדו ויספדו־ וספדה וספדו וספדו־ וספוד ותספד יִסְפְּד֣וּ יִסְפְּדוּ־ יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙ יִסָּפְד֗וּ יספדו יספדו־ כְּמִסְפֵּד֙ כמספד לִסְפֹּ֖ד לִסְפֹּ֥ד לִסְפּ֔וֹד לספד לספוד מִסְפַּד֙ מספד סְפ֖וֹד סְפֹ֕דְנָה סִפְד֣וּ סֹֽפְדִ֑ים ספדו ספדים ספדנה ספוד תִסְפְּד֖וּ תִסְפֹּד֙ תספד תספדו ’es·pə·ḏāh ’espəḏāh espeDah has·sō·p̄ə·ḏîm hassofeDim hassōp̄əḏîm kə·mis·pêḏ kemisPed kəmispêḏ lis·pō·wḏ lis·pōḏ lisPod lispōḏ lispōwḏ mis·paḏ misPad mispaḏ sə·p̄ō·ḏə·nāh sə·p̄ō·wḏ seFod seFodenah səp̄ōḏənāh səp̄ōwḏ sifDu sip̄·ḏū sip̄ḏū sō·p̄ə·ḏîm sofeDim sōp̄əḏîm ṯis·pə·ḏū ṯis·pōḏ tispeDu ṯispəḏū tisPod ṯispōḏ vaiYispedu vattisPod vesafeDah vesafedu vesaFod vesifDu wat·tis·pōḏ wattispōḏ way·yis·pə·ḏū way·yis·pə·ḏū- wayyispəḏū wayyispəḏū- wə·sā·p̄ə·ḏāh wə·sā·p̄ə·ḏū wə·sā·p̄ə·ḏū- wə·sā·p̄ō·wḏ wə·sip̄·ḏū wəsāp̄əḏāh wəsāp̄əḏū wəsāp̄əḏū- wəsāp̄ōwḏ wəsip̄ḏū yis·pə·ḏū yis·pə·ḏū- yis·sā·p̄ə·ḏū yispeDu yispəḏū yispəḏū- yissafeDu yissāp̄əḏū