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Strong's #842 - αὐτάρκης
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- sufficient for one's self, strong enough or processing enough to need no aid or support
- independent of external circumstances
- contented with one's lot, with one's means, though the slenderest
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αὐτάρκ-ης, ες, (ἀρκέω)
I sufficient in oneself, self-supporting, independent of others, ἀνθρώπου σῶμα ἓν οὐδὲν αὔ. ἐστιν Hdt. 1.32; αὐ. εἰς πάντα Pl. Plt. 271d; εἰς εὐδαιμονίαν, of ἀρετή, Zeno Stoic. 1.46; οὐκ αὐ. ἀλλὰ πολλῶν ἐνδεής Pl. R. 369b; ὁ σοφὸς -έστατος Arist. EN 1177b1, cf. Epicur. Sent.Vat. 45; αὐτάρκη φρονεῖν E. Fr. 29; νηδὺς αὐ. τέκνων helping itself, acting instinctively, A. Ch. 757; αὐ. βοή a self-reliant shout, S. OC 1057 (s. v.l.); πόλις αὐ. θέσιν κειμένη Th. 1.37, cf. 2.36 (Sup.); οἰκία -έστερον ἑνός, πόλις δ' οἰκίας Arist. Pol. 1261b11; τὸ τέλειον ἀγαθὸν αὔ. εἶναι δοκεῖ Id. EN 1097b8; σῶμα αὔ. πρός τι strong enough for a thing, Th. 2.51, cf. X. Mem. 4.8.11: c. inf., able of oneself to do a thing, εἰ γὰρ αὐτάρκη τὰ ψηφίσματα ἦν ἢ ὑμᾶς ἀναγκάζειν κτλ. D 3.14, cf. X. Cyr. 4.3.4. Adv. -κως, ἔχειν Arist. Rh. 1362a27: Sup. -έστατα, ζῆν X. Mem. 1.2.14.
II sufficient in quantity, ἀργύριον αὔ. εἰς σιτωνίαν Ph. 2.69; ὕδωρ αὔ. τοῖς ποιμνίοις J. AJ 2.11.2, cf. PLond. 3. 1166.6 (i A.D.), POxy. 729.19 (ii A.D.); ὄξους τὸ -έστατον Gal. 13.1046. Adv. -κως sufficiently, BGU 665.18 (i A.D.), Plot. 3.3.3, Theol.Ar. 45.
αὐτάρκης (on the accent see Chandler § 705), ἀυταρκες, (αὐτός, ἀρκέω) (from Aeschylus down), "sufficient for oneself, strong enough or possessing enough to need no aid or support; independent of external circumstances"; often in Greek writings from (Aeschylus and) Herodotus 1, 32 down. Subjectively, contented with one's lot, with one's means, though the slenderest: Philippians 4:11 (so Sir. 40:18; Polybius 6, 48, 7; (Diogenes Laërtius 2, 24 of Socrates, αὐτάρκης καί σεμνός). (Cf. αὐτάρκεια).
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αὐτάρκης , -ες
(< αὐτός , ἀρκέω ),
[in LXX: Proverbs 30:8 (H2706), Sirach 5:1; Sirach 11:24; Sirach 31:28; Sirach 40:18, 4 Maccabees 9:9*;]
as in cl., in philosophical sense, self-sufficient, independent; subjectively, contented: Philippians 4:11 (in non-lit. Papyri, the word means simply enough, sufficient; MM, s.v.).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
We have several quotations, but only in the simple sense of ";enough."; Thus P Oxy IV. 729.19 (A.D. 137) τὸν αὐτάρκη κέραμον , ";a sufficient number of jars,"; P Lond 1166.6 (A.D.42) (= III., p. 104) τὰ αὐτάρκη καύματα for a bath house, P Flor I. 25.12 (ii/A.D.) χ ]ο ̣ρηγοῦντος τὰ αὐτάρκη σπέρματα , P Strass I. 22.32 f. (iii/A.D.) ἡ [δ ]ι᾽ ἐνιαυτοῦ νομὴ αὐτάρκης ἐστίν , ";the tenure of one year is sufficient,"; P Lond 948.11 (A.D. 236) παρεχόμενος ὁ κυβερνήτης τοὺς αὐτάρκεις ναύτας , ";the full number of men,"; ib. 1171 verso c. 5 (A.D. 42) τὰ αὐταάρκει ἐπιδη ̣τια (so Wilcken—for αὐτάρκη ἐπιτήδεια ) (severally = III., p. 220, 107), P Lips I. 29.12 (A.D. 295) α ]ὐτάρκης γὰρ καὶ ὑπ᾽ αὐ [τ ]ῆς ἔπαθον : this is for αὔταρκες (or αὐτάρκη )—";I have suffered enough from her,"; etc. So in the adverb BGU II. 665ii. 18 (i/A.D.) ἡτοιμάσθη αὐτῇ πάντα [π ]ρὸς [τ ]ὴν λοχ [ε ]ίαν αὐταρκῶς , P Flor II. 247.11 (A.D. 256) αὐταρκῶς δὲ ἔχεις ἅπαξ ἐπιστέλλων κτλ ., ";it will be sufficient if you "; The participle of the derived verb is given in BGU IV. 1122.18 (Aug.) τὰ α ̣ὐ ̣τ ̣α ̣ρ ̣κ ̣(οῦντα ).
The record lends some emphasis to the Pauline use of the word in the philosophic sense of ";self-sufficient, contented."; For all his essentially popular vocabulary, on which Nägeli rightly lays stress, Paul could use the technical words of thinkers in their own way (cf. Nägeli’s summing up, p. 41 f., and Milligan, Documents, p. 56 f.). We have to go to literary sources for parallels to Philippians 4:11 and Sirach 40:16 : Kennedy EGT on Philippians 4:11 well quotes Plato Rep 369 B οὐκ αὐτάρκης ἀλλὰ πολλῶν ἐνδεής , ";we are not individually independent, but have many wants"; (Davies and Vaughan). In Marcus Anton, i. 16. 2 τὸ αὔταρκες ἐν παντί is mentioned as a characteristic of Antoninus Pius.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
