the Week of Proper 28 / Ordinary 33
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #687 - ἆρα
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- a Greek interrogative particle that implies anxiety or impatience on the part of the questioner
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ἆρᾰ,
interrog. Particle, implying anxiety or impatience, = and Lyr. ἦ ῥα:
I
1 alone, it simply marks the question, the nature of which is determined by the context: e.g. in D. 35.44 a negative answer is implied in the question ἆρ' ἂν οἴεσθε..; but an affirmative in X. Cyr. 4.6.4 ἆ. βέβληκα δὶς ἐφεξῆς; cf. ἆρ' εὐτυχεῖς.. ἢ δυστυχεῖς; E. Ph. 424. — To make it plainly neg., we have ἆ. μή..; A. Th. 208, Pl. Phd. 64c; and to make it plainly affirmative, ἆρ' οὐ; ἆρ' οὐχί; S. OC 791, OT 540; ἆρ' οὐχ οὕτως; Pl. Phlb. 11d.
2. ἆ. οὖν; is used to draw an affirmative inference, Id. Grg. 477a, La. 190b; also when a neg. answer is expected, Id. Chrm. 159b; with a neg., ἆρ' οὖν οὐ..; Id. Phdr. 263a, etc.
3. in ἆρά γε, each Particle retains its force, γε serving to make the question more definite, Ar. Pl. 546, X. Mem. 1.5.4, etc.
4. less freq. with τίς interrog., τίνος ποτ' ἆρ' ἔπραξε χειρί S. Aj. 905; τίδ' ἆρ' ἐγὼ σέ; E. IA 1228; τίς ἆρ' ὁ φεύγων; Ar. V. 893; with ἤν, E. Rh. 118.
5. in indirect questions, σκεψώμεθα τοῦτο ἆ... Pl. Phd. 70e, cf. R. 526c, al., Arist. Ph. 204b3, etc.
II in Poets sts. like ἄρα, Archil. 86, 89, Pi. P. 4.78, Ar. V. 3; τοιοῖσδε χρησμοῖς ἆ. χρὴ πεποιθέναι; A. Ch. 297, cf. 435; τῷ δὲ ξιφήρης ἆρ' ὑφειστήκει λόχος E. Andr. 1114: in exclamations, βραδεῖαν ἡμᾶς ἆρ' ὁ τήνδε τὴν ὁδὸν πέμπων ἔπεμψεν S. Aj. 738; ὀδυνηρὸς ἆρ' ὁ πλοῦτος E. Ph. 566, cf. El. 1229, Hipp. 1086; ἦ δεινὸν ἆρ' ἦν Id. Fr. 931; ἔμελλόν σ' ἆ. κινήσειν Ar. Nu. 1301, cf. Ach. 347. In Prose, ἆ. almost always stands first in the sentence, but cf. Pl. Grg. 467e; καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἆ... Jul. Or. 2.61c: in Poetry greater licence is taken, v. supr. 1.4, 11.
ἄρα (2), an interrogative particle (implying anxiety or impatience on the part of the questioner. Liddell and Scott, under the word) (of the same root as the preceding ἄρα, and only differing from it in that more vocal stress is laid upon the first syllable, which is therefore circumflexed);
1. num igitur, i. e. marking an inferential question to which a negative answer is expected: Luke 18:8; with γέ rendering it more pointed, ἄρα γέ (GT ἄραγε): Acts 8:30; (ἄρα οὖν ... διώκομεν Lachmann edition min. also major marginal reading are we then pursuing etc. Romans 14:19).
2. ergone i. e. a question to which an affirmative answer is expected, in an interrogative apodosis (German so ist also wohl?), he is then? Galatians 2:17 (where others (e. g. Lachmann) write ἄρα, so that this example is referred to those mentioned under ἄρα, 3, and is rendered Christ is then a minister of sin; but μή γένοιτο, which follows, is everywhere by Paul opposed to a question). Cf. Winers Grammar, 510f (475f) (also Buttmann, 247 (213), 371 (318); Herm. ad Vig., p. 820ff; Klotz ad Devar. ii., p. 180ff; speaking somewhat loosely, it may be said "ἄρα expresses bewilderment as to a possible conclusion ... ἄρα hesitates, while ἄρα concludes." Lightfoot on Galatians, the passage cited).
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ἆρα ,
interrog. particle, implying anxiety or impatience, "quite rare and only in Luke and Paul, therefore a literary word" (El., § 77, 2).
1. (num igitur) expecting a neg. reply, Luke 18:8; ἆρά γε , Ac 830.
2. (ergone) in apodosis, expecting an affirm. reply, Galatians 2:17 (Bl., l.c.; Lft., Ga., in l; MM, s.v.).†
ἆράγε , see ἆρα .
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
The interrogative ἆρα occurs in a curious interview with a Roman emperor, P Oxy I. 33iv. 7 (late ii/A.D.), where a condemned man asks who had recalled him, ἆρα ἡ σύνκλητος ἢ σὺ ὁ λῄσταρχος; ";Was it the senate, or you, the archpirate?"; (Edd.). For the MGr use of ἀρά (ἄραγε [ς ]) in questions implying doubt (or refusal), see Thumb’s Handbook, p. 180 f.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
