the Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #5465 - χαλάω
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- to loosen, slacken, relax
- to let down from a higher place to a lower
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χᾰλάω,
A. Eu. 219, etc., Ephesians 3:1-21 pl. χαλόωσιν Opp. H. 2.451; Aeol. 3 pl. χόλαισι Alc. 18.9 codd. Heraclit.: fut. χᾰλάσω [λᾰ ] Hp. Aër. 8, Epid. 7.80: aor. ἐχάλᾰσα A. Pr. 177 (anap.), Hp. Epid. 7.23, etc.; χάλασσα h. Revelation 6:1-17, pl. subj. χαλάσσομεν Alc. Supp. 23.10; Dor. part. χᾰλάξαις Pi. P. 1.6; 3 sg. fut. or aor. subj. χαλάξει (dub. sens.) Berl.Sitzb. 1927.164 (Cyrene): — Med., aor. χαλάσαντο A.R. 2.1264: — Pass., aor. ἐχαλάσθην, subj. χᾰλασθῇ A. Pr. 991, Pl. Phd. 86c: pf. κεχάλασμαι AP 9.297 (Antip.), App. Mith. 74, Plot. 4.3.16: plpf. ἐκεχάλαστο Aristid. 1.315J.
I trans., slacken, loosen, χ. βιόν, τόξα, unstring the bow, h. Revelation 6:1-17, h.Hom. 27.12; χ. τὰ νεῦρα, opp. συντείνειν, Pl. Phd. 98d; χ. τὸν πόδα, of a ship, v. πούς 11.2: metaph., τὰ τῆς πολιτείας χ., opp. ἐπιτείνειν, Plu. 2.827b: — Pass., opp. ἐπιτείνεσθαι, Pl. Phd. 86c, 94c; χαλᾶσθαι καὶ διαφθείρεσθαι Id. Lg. 653c; χαλᾶσθαι ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς Porph. Mark 7:1-37.
2. let down, let fall, πτέρυγα χαλάξαις Pi.l.c.; χαλάσας ὀλίγον τὸ μέτωπον having unbent the brow, Ar. V. 655 (anap.); μαστοὺς χάλασον, says the Cyclops to his ewe, E. Cyc. 55 (lyr.); κράββατον, δίκτυα χ., Mark 2:4, Luke 5:5; τὴν ἱερὰν ἄγκυραν Suid.; dip in a liquid, εἰς αἷμα PMag.Par. 1.2886; soak, PHolm. 14.33: — Med., ἱστὸν χαλάσαντο lowered it, A.R. 2.1264.
3. let loose, release, τινὰ ἐκ δεσμῶν A. Pr. 177 (anap.); abs., let go, slacken one's hold, μηδαμῇ χάλα ib. 58.
4. ἡνίας χ. slacken the reins, esp. in metaph. sense, χ. τὰς ἡνίας τοῖς λόγοις Pl. Prt. 338a, cf. E. Fr. 409.
5. κλῇθρα χ. loose the bars or bolts, i.e. undo or open the door, S. Ant. 1187, E. Hipp. 808; κλῇδας Id. Med. 1314; χ. τοὺς μοχλούς Ar. Lys. 310; but also πύλας μοχλοῖς χαλᾶτε A. Ch. 879.
6. loosen or undo things drawn tightly together, χ. κρεμαστὴν ἀρτάνην S. OT 1266; χ. πᾶν κάλυμμ' ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν Id. El. 1468; χ. δεσμά E. Andr. 577; ἀσκόν Id. Cyc. 161; τὸ στόμα X. Eq. 6.8: — Pass., τὰ χαλώμενα ὅπλα Hp. Art. 43; πρὶν ἂν χαλασθῇ δεσμά A. Pr. 991.
7. of the bowels, etc., ὑγρὰ χ. Hp. Prorrh. 1.99, cf. Coac. 20; ἢν αἱ μῆτραι μὴ χαλάσωσι τὰ ἐπιμήνια Id. Mul. 1.61.
8. metaph., τὴν ὀργήν χ. let it go, Ar. V. 727 (anap.); χ. [τὸν νόον] ἐς ὄψιν τινός Ti.Locr. 104c; χ. ἐπιθυμίαν Plu. 2.133a; τὸ βαρὺ καὶ ἀμειδές Alciphr. 3.3; remit, μήτε τῆς προνοίας χαλώσης τὴν.. ὑπεροχήν Procl. Inst. 122; τὸ ἀεὶ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχειν ἐχάλασαν relaxed the strict principle that.. Pl. Sph. 242e: — Pass., to be softened, λίθος εἰς ὑγρότητα κεχαλασμένος Callistr. Stat. 5; also κεχαλάσθαι εἰς τὸ αὐτεξούσιον to have free play, opp. συντετάχθαι, Plot. 4.3.16.
II intr., become slack or loose, opp. συντείνω, Pl. Phd. 98d; χόλαισιν ἄγκυρραι Alc. 18.9 (s. v.l.); ζῶναι χαλῶσι E. Ba. 935; πύλαι χαλῷσαι open gates, X. Cyr. 7.5.29: metaph. c. gen., have a remission of, χαλάσσομεν τὰς θυμοβόρω λύας Alc. Supp. 23.10; τί χαλᾷ μανιῶν; A. Pr. 1057 (anap.); (also abs., S. OC 203 (lyr.), 840); relax, φρονήματος χ. E. Fr. 716; τῆς ὀργῆς Ar. Av. 383 (troch.); [ τὸ ὂν] χαλάσαν τῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς ἁπλότητος Dam. Proverbs 13:1-25.
2. c. dat. pers., χ. τινι give way or yield to any one, be indulgent to him, εἰ τοῖσιν.. κτείνουσιν ἀλλήλους χαλᾷς A. Eu. 219; χάλα τοκεῦσιν E. Hec. 403; with gen. add., μοι τῆς ἀρχῆς χάλασον Pl. Men. 86e, cf. Plu. Lyc. 7: abs., give way, εἴκειν ὁδοῦ χαλῶντα τοῖς κακίοσιν E. Ion 637.
3. abs., grow slack or weak, ἐπειδὰν αἱ ἐπιθυμίαι παύσωνται κατατείνουσαι καὶ χαλάσωσι Id. R. 329c; abate, χαλάσει ὁ παγετός Hp. Aër. 8; ὀδύνη Id. Acut. 16.
χαλάω, χάλω; future χαλάσω; 1 aorist ἐχάλασα; 1 aorist passive, ἐχαλάσθην; from Aeschylus and Pindar down;
a. to loosen, slacken, relax.
b. to let down from a higher place to a lower: τί or τινα, Mark 2:4; Luke 5:4; Acts 27:17, 30 (in these last two passages in a nautical sense, to lower); τινα ἐν συριδιδ, Acts 9:25; passive, 2 Corinthians 11:33.
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χαλάω , -ῶ ,
[in LXX: (Jeremiah 38:6) (H7971 pi.), etc.;]
(a) to slacken, loosen;
(b) to let loose, let go;
(c) to lower, let down: c. acc rei, Mark 2:4, Luke 5:4-5, Acts 9:25; Acts 27:17; Acts 27:30; c. acc pers. (cf. Je, l.c.), pass., 2 Corinthians 11:33.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
1. as adv. ";separately,"; Joh. 20:7 : Bauer (HZNT ad l.) aptly compares Ignat. Trall. 11 οὐ δύναται οὖν κεφαλὴ χωρὶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνευ μελῶν, ";now it is not possible that a head should be born separately without members."; For an ex. from the Κοινή cf. the medical receipt P Oxy VIII. 1088.41 (early i/A.D.) λῆα ποιήσας καὶ χωρὶς ἕκαστον ἀναπλάσας μεθ᾽ ὕδατος, ";pound and work them up separately with water"; (Ed.).
2. as prep. c. gen. ";apart from,"; ";without"; : (a) of persons—P Oxy VI. 932.10 (late ii/A.D.) τὰ χοιρίδια χωρὶς μοῦ μὴ πώλι, ";do not sell the young pigs without me"; (Edd.), and BGU III. 920.4 (A.D. 180–181) χωρὶς κυρίου κατὰ τὰ Ῥωμαί [ων ἔθη. (b) of things—P Tebt I. 61 (a).186 (B.C. 118–117) χωρὶς σπέρματος καὶ τῆς ἄλλης δα (πάνης), P Oxy IX. 1211.11 (medical receipt—ii/A.D.) πᾶν ἄρωμα χωρὶς λιβάνου, ";every spice except frankincense."; (c) of abstract nouns (cf. Phm. 1:14, and the equivalent P Tebt I. 104.28 (B.C. 92) ἄνευ τῆς Φιλίσκου γνώ [μ ]ης)—P Oxy II. 237vii. 26 (A.D. 186) χωρὶς λόγου, ib. VIII. 1128.21 (A.D. 173) χωρὶς ὑπερθέσεως, ";without delay,"; and ib. VIII. 1130.19 (A.D. 484) χωρὶς ἐνγραφοῦς ἐντάγιον = -ίου), ";without a written deed.";
3. = ";besides"; : (a) the object being excluded-P Oxy VIII. 1124.16 (A.D. 26) χωρὶς τῶν προκειμένων, ";apart from the amounts aforesaid,"; P Ryl II. 138.13 (A.D. 34) χωρὶς δὲ τούτου κατέλαβα τοῦτον. . .,";over and beyond this I detected him. . ."; (Edd.), P Amh II. 85.9 (A.D. 78) χωρὶς τῆς κατ᾽ ἄρουραν ἀρταβιήας ";excluding the tax of an artaba on each aroura"; (Edd.), ib. 86.10 (A.D. 78) χωρὶς γνησίων δημοσίων, ";excluding public charges proper"; (Edd.), P Oxy I. 101.12 (A.D. 142) σπεῖραι καὶ ξυλαμῆσαι οἷς ἐὰν αἱρῆται χωρὶς ἰσάτεως καὶ ὀχομενίου, the lessee ";may sow and gather whatever crops he chooses with the exception of woad and coriander (?)"; (Edd.), ib. IV. 724.6 (A.D. 155) apprenticeship to a shorthand writer at a certain salary χωρὶς ἑορτικῶν, ";excluding holidays.";
(b) the object being included, as in Mat. 14:21; Mat. 15:38, 2Co. 11:28 : — P Oxy II. 249.7 (supplementary property return—A.D. 80) ἀπογράφομαι. . χωρὶς τῶν προαπεγραψάμην. . ., ";I register in addition to what I have previously registered. . .,"; P Ryl II. 175.22 (A.D. 168) χωρὶς ἄλλων ὧν ὀφείλουσι, ";apart from other sums which they owe"; (Edd.), and BGU II. 393.13 (A.D. 168) ἄλλο δὲ οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς τελέσω τῷ καθόλου χωρὶς τῶν προκειμένων.
4. For χωρίς c. inf. cf. P Lond 116614 (A.D. 42) ( = III. p. 105) χωρὶς τοῦ παράσχεσθαι τοὺς ὁμολοῦντας (l. ὁμολογοῦντας) τὴν καῦσιν —with reference to the heating of baths, and BGU III. 859.17 (ii/A.D.) ἐπελε [ύ ]σεσθαι τρόπῳ μηδενὶ. . . χωρὶς τοῦ μένειν κύρια καὶ τὰ προγεγρ (αμμένα).
With 1Co. 14:5 ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴ διερμηνεύῃ (cf. 1Co. 15:2, 1Ti. 5:19), cf. C. and B. ii. p. 391, No. 254 χωρὶς εἰ μή τι πάθῃ ἡ θυγάτηρ μου.
Mayser Gr. p. 245 cites a shortened form χῶρι from P Amh II. 113.22 (A.D. 157) χῶρι ἄλλων, but the same document shows χωρίς a few lines further down,36 χω [ρὶ ]ς ἄλλων.
As in the case of all the prepositions, the monographs of Kuhring, Rossberg, and Regard (see Abbreviations I. General) should be consulted.
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