Bible Lexicons

1. c. gen. = ";by"; (a) of person or thing after passive verbs; P Hib I. 34.1 (B.C. 243–2) Ἀντίγονος ἀδικοῦμαι ὑπὸ Πάτρωνος, ";I, Antigonus, am unjustly treated by Patron,"; P Giss I. 41ii. 1 (beginning of Hadrian’s reign) ( = Chrest. I. p. 30) οὐ γὰρ μόνον ὑπὸ τ ̣ῆ ̣ς ̣ μακρᾶς ἀποδημίας τὰ ἡμέτε [ρα ] πα [ντ ]α ̣ πασιν ἀμεληθέντα τυγχ [άνει, and P Grenf II. 73.10 (late iii/A.D.) ( = Selections, p. 118) τὴν Πολιτικὴν τὴν πεμφθεῖσαν εἰς Ὄασιν ὑπὸ τῆς ἡγεμονίας, ";Politike who was sent into the Oasis by the government.";

(b) after neuter verbs or active verbs which carry a passive meaning : P Oxy II. 239.9 (A.D. 66) ὀμνύω. . . μηδεμίαν λογείαν γεγονέναι ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ κώμῃ, ";I swear that I have levied no contributions for any purpose whatever in the said village"; (Edd.), P Amh II. 78.4 (A.D. 184) βίαν πάσχων ἑκάστοτε ὑπὸ Ἑκυ ̣σεως, ";I am constantly suffering violence from Hekusis"; (Edd.) (cf. Matthew 17:12), and Preisigke 1209 Ἀπολλώνιος. . . ἐτελεύτησεν ὑπὸ σκορπίου.

For further exx. of ὑπό denoting cause, cf. P Tebt I. 44.21 (B.C. 114) ὑ [πὸ τ ]ῶν πληγῶν κινδυν [εύω ]ι τῶι ζῆν, ";in consequence of the blows my life is in danger"; (Edd.), P Par 26.9 (B.C. 162) ( = UPZ i. p. 247) ὑπὸ τῆς λιμοῦ διαλυόμεναι, and ib. 47.25 (c. B.C. 152–1) ( = UPZ i. p. 332, Selections p. 23) οὐκ ἔστι ἀνακύψαι με πόποτε ἐν τῇ Τρικομίαι ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης, ";it is not possible ever to look up again in Tricomia for very shame.";

2. c. ace. in the sense of ";under,"; ";subject to"; : P HibI. 44.2 (B.C. 253) περὶ τῶν μαχίμων τῶν ὄντων ἐν τοῖς ὑπὸ σὲ τόποις, ";concerning the native soldiers in the districts under you"; (Edd.), PSI IV. 384.2 (B.C. 248–7) τῶν ὑπὸ σὲ τὴν ὑικὴν πραγματευομένον ( = -ένων), P Petr II. 46 (b).1 (B.C. 200) οὔπω ὑπὸ ἱππάρχην, ";not yet under a cavalry colonel,"; P Tebt I. 5.2 (B.C. 118) τοὺς ὑ [πὸ ] τὴ [ν βασιλήαν π ]άντας, P Oxy I. 60.8 (A.D. 323) τοῖς ὑπὸ Οὐαλεριανὸν πραιπόσιτον νυνὶ ἐκῖσε διατρίβουσι, P Amh II. 1393 (A.D. 350) τοῦ ὑπὸ σὲ πάγου, ";the pagus under your jurisdiction,"; and P GrenfII. 97.3 (vi/A.D.) τοῦ ὑπὸ σὲ κτήματος.

Note also the construction, said to be of Egyptian origin (Thumb Hellen. p. 124), by which ὑπό is used of the ";lading"; of an animal, e.g. Fay Ostr 14.2 (A.D. I) ὑπ (ὸ) κριθ (ὴν) ὄνον ἕνα, ";one ass laden with barley,"; Meyer Ostr 81.2 (A.D. 23) ὑπ (ὸ) λαχανο ̣(σπερμον) ὄν ̣ον ε ̣̓́να, ";one ass laden with vegetable seed,"; BGU I. 248.26 (A.D. 70–80) ὀνάριον ὑπὸ τρίχωρο (ν) οἴνου, ";an ass laden with three chores of wine,"; and P Tebt II. 423.17 (early iii/A.D.) κτήνη ὑπὸ χόρτον, ";the animals laden with hay.";

3. Ὑπό is used of time = ";about,"; only in Acts 5:21 in NT, cf. P Tebt I. 50.18 (B.C. 112) ὑπὲρ ὧν ὑπὸ τὸν καιρὸν παραλαβὼν σέ τε καὶ Ὥρον, ";I therefore at the time took you and Horus"; (Edd.), and PSI II. 156.7 (iv/A.D.?) ὑπὸ δὲ τὴν ̣ ὥρα ̣[ν.

4. For the construction with the acc. cf. also such miscellaneous exx. as P Oxy I. 94.12 (A.D. 83), price received for slaves ἤτοι ὑφ᾽ ἓν ἢ καθ᾽ ἕνα, ";for one or both of them,"; ib. III. 494.6 (A.D. 156) a Will in which an owner sets free certain slaves ὑπὸ Δία Γῆν Ἥλιον, ";under sanction of Zeus, Earth and Sun"; (Edd.), similarly ib. I.48.6 (A.D. 86) and 49.8 (A.D. 100), both as amended, P Giss I. 47.24 (time of Hadrian) ( = Chrest. I. p. 383 ) τῆς πεμφθείσης σοι ῢ ̣̣πὸ τὰ ζῴδια ξυλίνης θήκης, where the editor understands the reference to be to a wooden box set off with figures of small beasts, P Oxy I. 76.14 (A.D. 179) ἔχων ὑφ᾽ ἑαυτὸν πρὸς οἴκησιν ";owning as a place of residence,"; and P Ryl II.238.10 (A.D. 262) κτηνύδριον δὲ αὐτοῖς ἓν γοργὸν τῶν ὑπὸ σὲ παράσχες, ";give them one spirited donkey from those in your charge"; (Edd.).

5. c. dat. This construction, though common in the classical historians, is unknown to the NT, but maybe illustrated from our sources, e.g. OGIS 54.20 (c. B.C. 247) τὴν λοιπὴν (γῆν) πᾶσαν ἕως Βακτριανῆς ὑφ᾽ ἑαυτῶι ποιησάμενος, P PetrIII.7.24 (B.C.238–237) ὑπὸ γεννείωι, P Giss I. 11.5 (A.D. 118) ( = Chrest. I. p. 523) ἐπεστάλην εἰς τὸν ὑπό σοι νομὸν μόνος, P Oxy IV. 708.3 (A.D.188) τοῦ ] καταχθέντος γόμου ἐκ τοῦ ὑπὸ σοὶ νομοῦ, ";the cargo dispatched from the nome under you"; (Edd.), and P Ryl II. 87.2 (early iii/A.D.) arourae covered ὑπ᾽ ἄμμῳ.

The monographs by Kuhring, Rossberg, and Regard (see Abbreviations I. General) should be consulted.

 

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