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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4689 - σπένδω
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- to pour out as a drink offering, make a libation
- in the NT to be offered as a libation
- fig. used of one whose blood is poured out in a violent death for the cause of God
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σπένδω, Il. 11.775, etc.; Ep. subj. 2 sg. σπένδῃσθα Od. 4.591: Ion. impf. σπένδεσκον Il. 16.227, Od. 7.138: fut. σπείσω LXX Numbers 28:7, ( κατα- ) Hdt. 2.151, E. Or. 1187: aor. ἔσπεισα Od. 13.55, S. Fr. 42, etc.; Ep. σπεῖσα Il. 9.177, σπείσασκε Od. 8.89; Ep. subj. σπείσομεν, for -ωμεν, 7.165, 181: pf. ἔσπεικα ( κατ- ) Plu. Sert. 14: — Med., aor. ἐσπεισάμην Hdt. 3.144, etc.: — Pass., aor. ἐσπείσθην Plu. Rom. 19: pf. ἔσπεισμαι, v. infr. 11 fin.: — make a drink-offering (because before drinking wine a portion was poured on the table, hearth, or altar), σπεῖσάν τ' ἔπιόν θ' ὅσον ἤθελε θυμός Il. 9.177; ἐπὴν σπείσῃς τε καὶ εὔξεαι Od. 3.45, cf. Xenoph. 1.15, S. Ph. 1033, E. Ba. 313, etc.: c. dat. of the god to whom the libation was made, σέπας ἑλὼν σπείσασκε θεοῖσιν Od. 8.89; ὡς σπείσῃς Διὶ πατρὶ καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισι Il. 6.259, cf. 16.227, Od. 3.334, etc.; τὴν (sc. κύλικα ) δὲ θεοῖς σπένδεις Thgn. 490; κρητῆρας σπενδέτω prob. let him dedicate them by pouring an offering from them, SIG 57.13 (Milet., v B.C. ): — the liquid poured is mostly in acc., ς. οἶνον pour wine, Il. 11.775, Od. 18.151; λοιβάς S. El. 270; σπονδάς, χοάς, E. El. 512, Or. 1322; ellipt., ς. ἀγαθοῦ δαίμονος (sc. σπονδήν ) Ar. Eq. 106; ς. οἴνου (partit. gen.) Hdn. 5.5.7: rarely c. dat. rei, ὕδατι ς . make a drink-offering with water, Od. 12.363; Ὀλυμπίῳ ς. ἀοιδαῖς make libations with songs to Zeus, Pi. I. 6(5).9: also c. dat. instrumenti, ς. δέπαϊ, δεπάεσσι, Il. 23.196, Od. 7.137; χρυσίδι Cratin. 124; χαλκέῃ φιάλῃ Hdt. 2.147; ἐκ χρυσέης φιάλης Id. 7.54: c. gen., ς. βαιᾶς κύλικος S. Fr. 42: — Pass., οὗτος θεοῖσι σπένδεται θεὸς γεγώς E. Ba. 284: so metaph. of a person, σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ I am offered ( as a drink-offering ) upon it, Philippians 2:17; 2 Timothy 4:6 .
2. rarely without the religious sense, simply pour, τράγου οὖρον, as remedy for convulsions, Hdt. 4.187: metaph., ς. δάκρυα AP 7.555b (Joann.), IG 14.1957, al.; ξίφος αἷμα τυράννων ἔσπ . AP 9.184.
II Med., pour libations one with another, and, as this was the custom in making treaties or agreements, make a treaty, make peace, Hdt. 3.144, Ar. Ach. 199, Av. 1534, Th. 4.99, 119, X. An. 1.9.7, etc.; τὰ μὲν σπενδόμενοι τὰ δὲ πολεμοῦντες Th. 1.18: — Constr., σπένδεσθαί τινι make peace with one, Ar. Ach. 225, Th. 5.5, etc.; in full, σπένδεσθαί τινι σπονδάς ib. 14 (but ς. τῇ πρεσβείᾳ give it pledges of safe conduct, Aeschin. 3.63, cf. 2.109; so ς. τινί obtain a truce for one, X. An. 2.3.7 ); ς. πρός τινας, for τισι, Th. 5.17, 30, X. An. 3.5.16; of a person, σπείσασθαι cum Bruto et Cassio, Cic. Att. 15.29.2: metaph., ς. συμφοραῖς καὶ θεσπίσμασιν E. Or. 1680 sq.; ς. ἐπὶ τοῖσδε on these terms, Id. Ph. 1240; ἐφ' ᾧ . . X. An. 4.4.6; also ς. ὥστε μὴ ἀδικεῖν Th. 6.7; ς. ἦ μὴν ἐμμενεῖν ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς Id. 4.118: c. inf. alone, Id. 7.83: less freq. c. acc., εἰρήνην σπεισάμενοι Λακεδαιμονίοισι having concluded a peace with them, Hdt. 7.148; νεῖκος ἐσπεῖσθαι make up a quarrel, E. Med. 1140; πόλεμον D.H. 9.36; ς. ἀναίρεσιν τοῖς νεκροῖς obtain a truce for taking up the dead, Th. 3.24; ς. σφίσιν ἡμέραν τοὺς νεκροὺς ἀνελέσθαι Id. 4.114; ς. ἀναχώρησίν τινι Id. 3.109; ς. περὶ τῶν τέκνων Plu. 2.494d: — pf. ἔσπεισμαι is used in med. sense in E. Med. l.c.; τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἐσπείσμην Luc. Phal. 1.3; but in pass. sense, ἐσπεῖσθαι τὰς σπονδάς Th. 4.16; οἷς ἔσπειστο Id. 3.111: aor., ἐσπείσθησαν ἀνοχαί Plu. Rom. 19 . (In Th. 4.98, τοὺς νεκροὺς σπένδουσιν ἀναιρεῖσθαι, emphasis is laid on the act of one of the parties, and in AP 9.422 ( Apollonid. ), σπεῖσαι δεύτερα φίλτρα γάμου, Reiske cj. σπεύσῃς .) (Cf. Hittite š ( i ) pand- 'pour a libation', Lat. spondeo. )
σπένδω: present passive σπένδομαι; (cf. German spenden (perhaps of the 'tossing away' of a liquid, Curtius, § 296; but cf. Vanicek, p. 1245f)); from Homer down; the Sept. for נָסַך; to pour out as a drink-offering, make a libation; in the N. T. σπένδεσθαι, to be offered as a libation, is figuratively used of one whose blood is poured out in a violent death for the cause of God: Philippians 2:17 (see θυσία, b. at the end); 2 Timothy 4:6.
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σπένδω ,
[in LXX chiefly for H5258 hi.;]
to pour out as a drink-offering, make a libation; pass., fig., σπένδομαι , I am poured out or offered as a libation (in the shedding of my life-blood): Philippians 2:17 (v. Lft., in l), 2 Timothy 4:6 (for exx. from Papyri, v. Milligan, Selections, 114 f.; MM, xxiii).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";fellow-heir,"; which occurs quater in the NT, is classed by Cremer .9 p. 584 as ";unknown in profane Greek, ";but in addition to Cremer’s own reference to Philo leg. ad Gaium § 10, Deissmann (LAE2, p. 92) cites the word from an Ephesian inscr. of the Imperial period, Brit. Mus. Inscrr. III. p. 249, No. 633 Εὐτυχίδος. . . . σ [υγ ]κληρονό [μου αὐτ ]οῦ, cf. especially 1 Peter 3:7. Other exx. from Byzantine Greek are P Mon I. 6.12 (A.D. 583) συνκληρονόμον αὐτὸν ποιῆσαι, and P Masp III. 67340 verso.10 τ ̣ω ̣̑[ν με ]τ᾽ ἐμὲ κληρονόμων η ̣' [συγ ]κλη [ρο ]ν ̣όμω [ν.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
