Bible Lexicons

στρατεύομαι is common in the general sense ";serve in the army,"; ";am a soldier"; (whether on active service or not). See e.g. P Rev Lxxiv. 6 (B.C. 259–8) τ ̣ῶν στρατευομένων καὶ τοὺ [ς. . . . . . . . .] κλήρους πεφευκότων, P Tebt I. 5.168 (B.C. 118) τοὺς στρατευομένους Ἕλληνας, ";the Greeks serving in the army"; (Edd.), ib. 27.49 (B.C. 113) ἀπό τε τ [ῶ ]ν στρατευομένων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τόπους κατ [ο ]ικούντων, ";from those in the army and the other inhabitants of the district"; (Edd.), P Amh II. 32.1 (ii/B.C.) where certain στρατευόμενοι defend themselves against the charge of returning for taxation purposes their κλῆροι at less than their true value, P Lond 1171 verso (c).7 (A.D. 42) (= III. p. 107) where a distinction is drawn between στρατευόμενοι ";regular soldiers"; and μαχαιροφόροι ";armed attendants upon officials"; (see further the editors’ note ad P Tebt I. 35.13), P Hamb I. 31.18 (A.D. 103) ἀπογραφὴν περιέχουσαν ἐστρατεῦσθαι αὐτὸν [ἔ ]τεσι κ ̄ς ̄, and P Oxy XIV. 1666.5 (iii/A.D.) φθάνω δὲ ὑμεῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκὼς περὶ τοῦ μεικροῦ Παυσανίου ὡς εἰς λεγιῶναν στρατευσάμενον, ";I have previously written to you about the little Pausanias becoming a soldier of a legion"; (Edd.).

The idea of active service seems to be implied in such passages as P Par 63.175 (B.C. 164) (= P Petr III. p. 34) where the cattle belonging ἄλλοις τοῖς στρατευομένοις are impressed into the service of the State, P Grenf I. 21.3 (Will—B.C. 126) τὸν μὲν ἵππον ἐφ᾽ οὗ στρατεύομαι, BGU IV. 1097.7 (Claudius/Nero) ἀπῆλθεν εἰς παρεμβολὴν ̣ στρατ ̣ε ̣υ ̣σασ ̣θ ̣αι, cf. .8 ff., P Ryl II. 189.5 (A.D. 128) receipt for cloaks ἰς <σ >τρατιωτικὰς χρεία ̣ς ̤ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰου íα ýδαίᾳ στρατευομένων, ";for the needs of the soldiers serving in Judaea"; (Edd.), and P Oxy VIII. 1103.5 (A.D. 360) τῶν νεολέκτων τῶν στρατευθέντων, ";the new levies raised by us for military service"; (Ed.).

For the metaph. usage, as in 2 Corinthians 10:3 al., cf. BGU IV. 1127.28 (B.C. 8) ἐὰν δὲ κατά τι σ ̣τ ̣ρατεύηται ὁ Ἀπολλώνιος ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὴν παραχώρησιν, where Schubart notes that the meaning must be ";Schwierigkeiten, Umstände machen,"; ";make difficulties, troubles,"; comparing ib. 1131.20 (B.C. 17). This is rather like our phrase, ";He has been in the wars."; Cf. the use of μάχομαι in the sense of ";quarrel"; (Scottice, ";fecht";), e.g. Menander Fragm. p. 86, No. 302.6 γυνή κρατεῖ πάντων, ἐπιτάττει, μάχετ᾽ ἀεί. The use illustrates the large metaphorical application of the term in the NT. Cumont Les Religions Orientales p. xiv ff. (Engl. Tr. pp. xx, 213f.) has collected a number of passages on the ";Salvation Army"; in ancient times. See also Harnack Militia Christi (1905), and Dibelius HZNT ad 1 Timothy 1:18.

 

εσκοτισθη εσκοτίσθη ἐσκοτίσθη εσκοτισμένοι σκοτισθη σκοτισθή σκοτισθῇ σκοτισθησεται σκοτισθήσεται σκοτισθητωσαν σκοτισθήτωσαν σκοτομήνη eskotisthe eskotisthē eskotísthe eskotísthē skotisthe skotisthē skotisthêi skotisthē̂i skotisthesetai skotisthēsetai skotisthḗsetai skotisthetosan skotisthētōsan skotisthḗtosan skotisthḗtōsan