the Week of Proper 25 / Ordinary 30
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Strong's #4625 - σκάνδαλον
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- the movable stick or trigger of a trap, a trap stick
- a trap, snare
- any impediment placed in the way and causing one to stumble or fall, (a stumbling block, occasion of stumbling) i.e. a rock which is a cause of stumbling
- fig. applied to Jesus Christ, whose person and career were so contrary to the expectations of the Jews concerning the Messiah, that they rejected him and by their obstinacy made shipwreck of their salvation
- any person or thing by which one is (entrapped) drawn into error or sin
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σκανδαλον
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σκάνδαλον, σκανδάλου, τό, a purely Biblical ((occurring some twenty-five times in the Greek O. T., and fifteen, quotations included, in the New)) and ecclesiastical word for σκανδάληθρον, which occurs occasionally in native Greek writings; the Sept. for מוקֵשׁ (a noose, a snare) and מִכְשׁול;
a. properly, "the movable stick or tricker (`trigger') of a trap, trap-stick; a trap, snare; any impediment placed in the way and causing one to stumble or fall" (a stumblingblock, occasion of stumbling): Leviticus 19:14; πέτρα σκανκαλου (A. V. a rock of offence), i. e. a rock which is a cause of stumbling (Latinoffendiculum) — figuratively applied to Jesus Christ, whose person and career were so contrary to the expectations of the Jews concerning the Messiah, that they rejected him and by their obstinacy made shipwreck of salvation (see πρόσκομμα), Romans 9:33 and 1 Peter 2:8 (7) (from Isaiah 8:14).
b. metaphorically, "any person or thing by which one is (`entrapped') drawn into error or sin" (cf. Winer's Grammar, 32); α. of persons ((Joshua 23:13; 1 Samuel 18:21)): Matthew 13:41; Matthew 16:23 (where σκάνδαλον "non ex effectu, sed ex natura et condicione propria dicitur," Calov.); so Χριστός ἐσταυρωμένος is called (because his ignominious death on the cross roused the opposition of the Jews), 1 Corinthians 1:23. β. of things: τιθέναι τίνι σκάνδαλον (literally, in Judith 5:1), to put a stumbling-block in one's way, i. e. to do that by which another is led to sin, Romans 14:13; the same idea is expressed by βάλλειν σκάνδαλον ἐνώπιον τίνος (to cast a stumbling-block before one), Revelation 2:14; οὐκ ἐστι σκάνδαλον ἐν τίνι (see εἰμί, V. 4. e.), 1 John 2:10; plural σκάνδαλα, words or deeds which entice to sin (Wis. 14:11), Matthew 18:7 (cf. Buttmann, 322 (277) n.; Winer's Grammar, 371 (348)); Luke 17:1; σκάνδαλα ποιεῖν παρά τήν διδαχήν, to cause persons to be drawn away from the true doctrine into error and sin (cf. παρά, III. 2 a.), Romans 16:17; τό σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ, the offence which the cross, i. e. Christ's death on the cross, gives (cf. α. at the end above), (R. V. the stumbling-block of the cross), Galatians 5:11; equivalent to a cause of destruction, Romans 11:9, from Psalm 68:23
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† σκάνδαλον , -ου , τό
(late form of the rare word σκανδάληθρον , v. LS, s.v.),
[in LXX chiefly for H4170, H4383;]
prop.,
the bait-stick of a trap, a snare, stumbling-block (Leviticus 19:14, Judith 5:1): fig., Romans 9:33, 1 Peter 2:8 (Isaiah 8:14; aliter in LXX; στερεὸν σκανδάλου in Aq.). Metaph., of that which causes error or sin;
(a) of persons: Matthew 13:41; Matthew 16:23; Χριστὸς ἐσταυρωμένος , 1 Corinthians 1:23;
(b) of things: Matthew 18:7, Romans 11:9 (LXX) Romans 14:13, 1 John 2:10 Revelation 2:14; τὸ σ . τοῦ σταυροῦ , Galatians 5:11; pl., Matthew 18:7, Luke 17:1, Romans 16:17.†
SYN.: πρόσκομμα G4348.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
στέμμα occurs in the NT only in Acts 14:13, where it refers to the sacrificial garlands with which the victims were adorned (cf. Field Notes, p. 122). In P Ryl II. 77.31 (A.D. 192) it is used in connexion with ";guilds,"; οἱ διέπον [τες τὴν τ ]ῶν στεμμάτων [διοίκησι ]ν εἶπον, ";the administrators of the guilds said"; (see the editors’ note), and in P Fay 87.10 (A.D. 155) a sum is paid τῷ ἐπὶ τῶν στεμμάτων προκεχι (ρισμένῳ), ";to the official in charge of the stemmata"; (see the editors’ note). The sepulchral Kaibel 858.2 shows στέμμασιν ἀθανάτοις. See further Headlam’s elaborate note ad Herodas VIII. 11.
For the verb στέφω we may cite P Ryl II. 77.34 (A.D. 192) στεφέσθω Ἀχιλλεὺς κοσμητείαν, ";let Achilles be crowned as cosmetes.";
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.