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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4604 - σίδηρος
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σίδηρος [ῐ], Dor. σίδᾱρος IG 42(1).102.61 (Epid., iv B.C. ), etc.: ὁ; also ἡ, Nic. Th. 923: neut. σίδηρον, τό, Sch.D Il. 4.151, v.l. in Hdt. 7.65 and Daimachus 4J. (but prob. f.l. for σιδήριον in Gal. 19.72, cf. Hsch. s.v. Ἀκίς ): pl. σίδηρα Aret. SD 2.12, EM 26.36, Tz. (v. infr.): — iron, ς. πολιός Il. 9.366, Od. 24.168; ἰόεις Il. 23.850; μέλας Hes. Op. 151; αἴθων Il. 4.485, al.; πολύκμητος 6.48, al., cf. Od. 9.393; as an article of traffic, οἰνίζοντο . . Ἀχαιοί, ἄλλοι μὲν χαλκῷ, ἄλλοι δ' αἴθωνι ς. Il. 7.473; πλέων . . μετὰ χαλκόν· ἄγω δ' αἴθωνα σίδηρον Od. 1.184; χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε ς., of treasures, Il. 11.133, al.; as a prize, 23.261, 850; Σκύθης ς., because brought from the Euxine, A. Th. 818; ὁ πόντιος ξεῖνος . . θηκτὸς ς. ib. 942 (lyr.).
2. freq. as a symbol of hardness (cf. σιδήρεος 1.2 ), or of stubborn force, Il. 20.372, Od. 19.494; ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡσεὶ κέρα ἕστασαν ἠὲ ς . ib. 211; οὔ σφι λίθος χρὼς οὐδὲ ς. Il. 4.510; ἐκ ς. κεχάλκευται . . καρδίαν Pi. Fr. 123.4, cf. S. Fr. 658; ἦσθα πέτρος ἢ ς. E. Med. 1279 (lyr.), cf. Pl. Lg. 666c; also of firmness, steadfastness, πέτρης ὅ γ' ἔχων νόον ἠὲ ς . Mosch. 4.44, cf. Ach.Tat. 5.22 .
II anything made of iron, iron tool or implement, for husbandry, Il. 4.485, cf. 23.834: also of weapons, arrow-head, 4.123; sword or knife, 18.34, 23.30; αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα ς. Od. 16.294, cf. E. Or. 966 (lyr.); axe-head, Od. 19.587: generally, arms, οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ς. κατέθεντο Th. 1.6; ὅπλοις τε καὶ σιδήρῳ διώξειν OGI 532.25 (Galatia, i B.C. ): also, knife, sickle, Hes. Op. 387: pl., fishing-hooks, Theoc. 21.49; irons, fetters, Aret. SD 2.12, Tz. H. 13.302; cf. σιδήριον .
III place for selling iron, smithy or cutler's shop, ἀγαγόντα εἰς τὸν ς. X. HG 3.3.7 .
σίδηρος, σιδήρου, ὁ, from Homer down, iron: Revelation 18:12.
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σίδηρος , -ου , ὁ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H1270;]
iron: Revelation 18:12.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";make haste,"; and so ";am eager,"; ";give diligence,"; with the further idea of ";effort,"; as in Galatians 2:10. For σπουδάζω followed by acc. c. inf., as in 2 Peter 1:15 for which Mayor ad l. can supply only one ex. [Plato] Alc. sec. 141 σπουδάσαντες τοῦτ᾽ αὐτοῖς παραγενέσθαι, we can cite BGU IV. 1080.14 (iii/A.D.) σπούδασον ἡμᾶς καταξιῶσαι τῶν ἴσ [ω ]ν γραμμάτων, P Oxy VII. 1069.10 (iii/A.D.) θέλω δὲ εἰδένε πῶς σπουδάδεις (l. σπουδάζεις) αὐτὼ γενέστε (l. αὐτὸ γενέσθαι), ";I wish to know that you are hurrying on the making of it"; (Ed.), and ib. VI. 939.18 (iv/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 129) ἕτερά σε γράμματα ἐπικαταλαβεῖν ἐσπούδασα διὰ Εὐφροσύνου, ";I am anxious that you should receive another letter by Euphrosynus"; (Edd.).
For the verb c. the simple inf. cf. ib. XIV. 1765.8 (iii/A.D.) σπούδασον γράψαι μοι, and P Amh II. 144.7 (v/A.D.) σπούδασον οὖν τὸ μικρὸ [ν ] παιδίον ἡμῶν Ἀρτεμίδωρον [[.]] θεῖναι ἐν ὑποθήκῃ, ";make haste therefore and put our little slave Artemidorus under pledge"; (Edd.); and c. the acc., cf. P Fay 112.18 (A.D. 99) μὴ σπουδασέτωσαν ἅλω ανταλ ̣ο ̣μμινα, ";do not let them be in a hurry with the . . . threshing-floor,"; and P Bouriant 20.39 (after A.D. 350) σπουδασάτω τὴν χορηγίαν. This last papyrus shows us also .36 τοῦτο γὰρ σπουδάζει, ";car c’est le but qu’on se propose"; (Ed.).
Other instances of the verb with varying meanings and constructions are : P Hib I. 77.4 (B.C. 249) καθάπερ ὁ βασιλεὺς σπουδάζει, ";in accordance with the king’s desire,"; P Oxy VII. 1061.16 (B.C. 22) συντύχηι καὶ σπουδάσει ἕως ὅτου τελεσθῆ [ι, ";that he may meet him and do his best until it is effected"; (Ed.) (for constr. see Blass-Debrunner § 369. 3), P Oxy IV. 746.8 (A.D. 16) τοῦτο οὖν ἐάν σοι φα [ί ]νηται σπουδάσεις κατὰ τὸ δίκαιον, ";please therefore further him in this matter, as is just"; (Edd.), ib. I. 113.24 (ii/A.D.) σπούδασον ἕως οὗ ἀγοράσῃ μ ̣οι Ὀννῶφρις ἃ αὐτῶι εἴρηκεν μήτ (ηρ) Εἰρήνης, ";take care that Onnophris buys me what Irene’s mother told him"; (Edd.), and from the inscrr. Syll.3 434/5.19 (B.C. 266–5) φανερός ἐστιν σπουδάζων ὑπὲρ τῆς κοινῆς τ [ῶ
ν ] Ἑλλήνων ἐλευθερίας, and C. and B. ii. p. 470, No. 309 σπουδασάντων κὲ τῶν συνβιωτῶν κὲ λ ̄β ̄ ἄλλων, of co-operation in the building of a tomb.
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