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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4491 - ῥίζα
- Thayer
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- Mounce
- a root
- that which like a root springs from a root, a sprout, shoot
- metaph. offspring, progeny
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ῥίζ-α, ης, ἡ: Ion. nom. ῥίζη Hp. ap. Erot., acc. ῥίζην Marc.Sid. 89 (before a vowel), but ῥίζαν Il. 11.846 (whence Ion. nom. ῥίζα may be inferred): — root, Od. 10.304, 23.196, etc.; used as a medicine, Il. 11.846; ῥ. ἐλατήριος, of a purgative medicine, Hp. Epid. 5.34: mostly in pl., roots, Il. 12.134, Od. 12.435, etc.; δένδρεα μακρὰ αὐτῇσιν ῥίζησι Il. 9.542: hence
2. metaph., roots of the eye, Od. 9.390 (but ῥίζας ἐν ὄσσοις αἱματῶπας in E. HF 933 prob. bloodshot streaks ); the roots or foundations of the earth, Hes. Op. 19; χθόνα . . αὐταῖς ῥ. πνεῦμα κραδαίνοι A. Pr. 1047 (anap.); ἰπούμενος ῥίζαισιν Αἰτναίαις ὕπο ib. 367; of feathers, hair, etc., Pl. Phdr. 251b, Arist. HA 518b14; of the teeth, Id. GA 789a13; γαστρὸς ῥ. ὀμφαλός Id. HA 493a18, etc.
3. τὸν πόλεμον ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀνῄρηκε 'root and branch', Plu. Pomp. 21, cf. Heraclid. Pont. ap. Ath. 12.523f; ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀπώλεσεν LXX Job 31:12; cf. ῥιζόθεν, πρόρριζος .
II that from which anything springs as from a root, ῥίζαν ἀπείρου τρίταν a third continental foundation, of Libya, Pi. P. 9.8; ἀστέων ῥ., of Cyrene, as the root or original of the Cyrenaic Pentapolis, ib. 4.15; root or stock from which a family springs, ῥ. σπέρματος Id. O. 2.46, cf. I. 8(7).61, A. Ag. 966, S. Aj. 1178, etc.; so, race, family, A. Th. 755 (lyr.), E. IT 610, OGI 383.31 (Nemrud Dagh, i B.C. ), etc.; συκοφάντου . . σπέρμα καὶ ῥ. D. 25.48; sect, party, Jul. Gal. 106e; also ῥ. κακῶν E. Fr. 912.11 (anap.); ἀρχὴ καὶ ῥ. παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ Epicur. Fr. 409, cf. 1 Timothy 6:10; πηγὴ καὶ ῥ. καλοκἀγαθίας Plu. 2.4c; ἀρχαὶ καὶ ῥ. γῆς καὶ θαλάττης Arist. Mete. 353b1, etc.; cf. ῥίζωμα 11 .
2. base, foundation, ῥ. πάντων καὶ βάσις ἁ γᾶ ἐρήρεισται Ti. Locr. 97e, cf. Pl. Ti. 81c; base of a vertical pillar, Procl. Hyp. 3.23; τῶν λόφων Onos. 10.6 .
3. Math., root or base of a series, Anatolius ap. Theol.Ar. 9. ( Aeol. βρίζα (q.v.): cf. Goth. waúrts, Lat. radix. )
ῤίζα, ῤίζης, ἡ (akin to German Reis (cf. Latinradix; English root; see Curtius, § 515; Fick, Part 3:775)), from Homer down; the Sept. for שֹׁרֶשׁ;
1. a root: properly, Matthew 3:10; Luke 3:9; ἐκ ῤιζῶν, from the roots (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 51, 1 d.), Mark 11:20; ῤίζαν ἔχειν, to strike deep root, Matthew 13:6; Mark 4:6; tropically, οὐ ῤίζαν ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, spoken of one who has but a superficial experience of divine truth, has not permitted it to make its way into the inmost recesses of his soul, Matthew 13:21; Mark 4:17; Luke 8:13; in figurative discourse, ῤίζα πικρίας (see πικρία) of a person disposed to apostatize and induce others to commit the same offence, Hebrews 12:15; the progenitors of a race are called ῤίζα, their descendants κλάδοι (see κλάδος, b.), Romans 11:16-18. Metaphorically, cause, origin, source: πάντων τῶν κακῶν, 1 Timothy 6:10; τῆς σοφίας, Sir. 1:6 (5), 20 (18); τῆς ἀθανασίας, Wis. 15:3; τῆς ἁμαρτίας, of the devil, Ev. Nicod. 23; ἀρχή καί ῤίζα παντός ἀγαθοῦ, Epicur. quoted in Atlmn. 12, 67, p. 546f; πηγή καί ῤίζα καλοκἀγαθίας τό νομίμου τυχεῖν παιδείας, Plutarch, de purr. educ. c. 7 b.
2. after the use of the Hebrew שֹׁרֶשׁ, that which like a root springs from a root, a sprout, shoot; metaphorically, offspring, progeny: Romans 15:12; Revelation 5:5; Revelation 22:16 (Isaiah 11:10).
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ῥίζα , -ης , ἡ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H8327;]
a root: Matthew 3:10, Luke 3:9; ἐκ ῥιζῶν , Mark 11:20; ῥ . ἔχειν , Matthew 13:6, Mark 4:6; id. seq. ἐν ἑαυτῷ , fig., Matthew 13:21, Mark 4:17, Luke 8:13. Metaph. (as in various senses in cl.), of cause, origin, source, etc.;
(a) of things, ῥ . πάντων τ . κακῶν (Eur.), 1 Timothy 6:10;
(b) of persons: of ancestors, Romans 11:16-18; ῥ . πικρίας , Hebrews 12:15. Of that which springs from a root, a shoot; metaph., of offspring, Romans 15:12 (LXX) Revelation 5:5; Revelation 22:16.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";indicate,"; ";signify"; : cf. P Par 63xi. 63 (B.C. 165) διὰ τ [ῆ ]ς ἐπι [στο ]λῆς προη. . . . σημῆναί μ [οι ] τὴ [ν ] φιλοτιμί [αν, P Grenf I. 30.16 (B.C. 103) (= Witkowski.2, p. 107) διὰ γραμμάτων ἐκρίναμεν σημῆναι, BGU III. 1009.5 (ii/B.C.) (= Witkowski.2, p. 111) περὶ μὲν [ο ]ὖν τῶν ἄλλων [οὔ σοι γέγραφα, Μ. . . ο ]ς ̣ γάρ σοι σημα [ν ]εῖ ἕκαστα, ib. IV. 1206.9 (B.C. 28) οὔπωι σεσήμαγκε τί ἐκβέβη [κ ]ε ̣, and ib. 1078.4 (A.D. 39) (= Chrest. I. p. 83) οὐ καλῶς δὲ ἐπόησας ἐκπορευομένων πολλῶν φίλων μὴ σημᾶναί μοι μηδὲ ἕν. For the two forms σημᾶναι and σημῆναι, see Mayser Gr. i. p. 360, Psaltes Gr. p. 223.
The pass, is seen in such passages as P Rein 710 (B.C. 141?) ἐν τῶι σημανθέντι χρόν ̣ωι, ";within the stipulated time,"; P Amh II. 31.8 (B.C. 112) σημανθέντος, ";it having been reported,"; P Oxy II. 283.12 (A.D. 45) τὸν σημαινόμενον δοῦλον, ";the above-mentioned slave,"; P Tebt II. 278.42 (nursery acrostic—early i/A.D.) σημέ (= αί)νεταί μοι, τηρῖ μ ̣[ε ] γα ̣ρ, ";he is indicated to me, for he watches me (?)"; (Edd.), P Oxy I. 76.6 (A.D. 179) ὁ σημαινόμενός μου πατήρ, ";my above-mentioned father,"; ib. 79.4 (notice of death—A.D. 181–192) (= Selections, p. 88) ὁ σημαινόμενός μου υἱὸς. . . ἄτεχνος ὢν ἐτελεύτησεν [τ ]ῷ ἐνεστῶτι ἔτι, ";my son who is here indicated died childless in the present year,"; and BGU I. 250.14 (after A.D. 130) (= Chrest. I. p. 115) προσφων [ῶ ] . . τεθυκέναι με τὸν δηλούμ (ενον) μόσχ [ο ]ν τῷ σημαι [νο ]μέ [ν ]ῳ χρόνῳ.
The verb is used as a term. tech. for the pronouncement of the Delphic oracle by Heraclitus in Plut. Mor. 404 E οὔτε λέγει, οὔτε κρύπτει, ἀλλὰ σημαίνει : Bauer HZNT.2 ad John 12:33 compares John 21:19, Revelation 1:1, Acts 11:28, and Epict. i. 17. 18 f.
By a hitherto unknown usage the subst. σημασία is found introducing the ";address"; of the person to whom a letter is sent, e.g. P Oxy XIV. 1678.28 (iii/A.D.) σημασ íσ ýία ἐν Τευμενοῦτει ἐν τῷ ῥυμείῳ ἀντεὶ τοῦ φλητρος (l. φρέατος), ";address, at the Teumenous quarter in the lane opposite the well"; (Edd.) : cf. ib. 1773.39 (iii/A.D.).
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