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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4408 - πρῶρα
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- the prow or forward part of a ship
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πρῷρ-α [ ᾰ
in nom. and acc. sg., A. Supp. 716, S. Ph. 482, Fr. 726, E. Hel. 1563, 1582, Or. 362, IT 1134 (lyr.); nom. πρῷρ' with elision in IG 2.2836; acc. πρῴρᾱν is f.l. in A.R. 1.372; πρῴρην is found in codd. of Hdt. 1.194, 7.180 ], ἡ, forepart of a ship, prow, εἰς ἴκρια νηὸς πρῴρης Od. 12.230 (here prob. adjectival with νηός ), cf. Hdt. ll.cc., etc.; πνεῦμα τοὐκ πρῴρας a contrary wind, opp. κατὰ πρύμναν, S. Ph. 639 .
2. metaph., πρῷρα βιότου the prow of life's vessel, i.e. early youth, E. Tr. 103 (anap.); ὦ πρῷρα λοιβῆς Ἑστία thou who art first entitled to it, S. Fr. 726; πάροιθεν πρῴρας . . καρδίας before my heart's prow, in front of my heart, A. Ch. 390 (lyr.).
3. end of a vinebranch, Thphr. HP 2.1.3 (cj. in CP 3.14.7 ). (Written πρώρρα in Plb. 8.6.1, al., but πρωιρ- in PSI 4.382.2 (iii B.C.), cf. πρῳρατικός; κυανοπρωΐρους [ ] is cited by EM 692.32 from Hom., and κυανοπρώϊραν from Simon. 241: hence πρῷρα is prob. contr. from a word of the form , but whether from Πρώειρα, as inferred by Hdn. Gr. 2.410, is doubtful; perh. from Πρώαιρα, cf. νείαιρα; -πρωῑρ- in Hom. and Simon. may have arisen by 'distraction' of the contracted form.)
πρῷρα (so R G, πρῷρα Tr), more correctly πρῷρα (see Göttling, Lehre v., Accent, p. 142f; (Chandler § 164; Etym. Magn., p. 692, 34f; cf. 318, 57f; cf. Iota)),. πρώρας (L T WH πρῴρης, cf. μάχαιρα, at the beginning), ἡ (contracted from προειρα from πρό; Lob. Pathol. Element. 2:136, cf. Paralip., p. 215), from Homer down; the prow or forward part of a ship (R. V. foreship): Acts 27:30; in Acts 27:41 distinguished from ἡ πρύμνα.
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*πρῷρα
(Rec. incorrectly πρώρα , v. Bl., § 3, 3; LS, s.v.), -ης (for Att.. -ας , v. Bl., § 7, 1; Mayser, l 2), ἡ , the forward part of a ship, the prow: Acts 27:30; opp. to πρύμνα , ib. Acts 27:41.†
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ῥυπαρός —
";shabby,"; ";soiled,"; is applied to clothing in P Giss I, 76.3 (ii/A.D.) τρίβωνα [ς ] ῥυπαρὰς ̣ β ̄ καὶ στολὴν ὁμοίως λευκήν, ";two soiled cloaks and likewise a white robe,"; as in James 2:2 : cf. P Fay 16.10 (i/B.C.) σίτου ῥυπαροῦ, ";dirty (i.e. unwinnowed) corn,"; and P Ryl II, 72.71 (B.C. 99–8) κ (ριθῆς) ῥυπαρ [ᾶς.
The adj. is very common in the papyri in connexion with payments, and was generally understood as denoting ";debased"; coin, e.g. P Tebt II. 348.6 (A.D. 23) ἀργυρίου ῥυπ (αροῦ) [δ ]ρ [α ]χμὰς δεκάδυο, ";twelve dr. debased silver"; (Edd.), and P Fay 52 (a).3 (a receipt for poll-tax—A.D. 191–2) ἐπὶ λ [ό ]γου ῥυπ (αρὰς) δραχμ (ὰς) ὀκτώ. But, according to Milne Theban Ostraca p. 104 (cf. Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology vii. p. 64 ff.), ";the word does not appear to refer to any distinct class of coins—all Roman tetradrachms of Alexandria might have been called ῥυπαρά —and probably was a term of account, like the ‘bad’ piastre of some Turkish towns, e.g. Smyrna."; Hence in P Ryl II. 194.3 ῥυπ (αρὰς) (δραχμὰς) ἑπτὰ ἡμιοβ (έλιον) the editors translate ";7 drachmae of discounted silver ½ obol.";
ῥυπαίνω —
";make filthy,"; ";defile,"; occurs in the NT only in Revelation 22:11 ὁ ῥυπαρὸς ῥυπανθήτω ἔτι, where, as Swete points out ad l., the aor. (not ῥυπαίνεσθαι) indicates the fixity of the state into which the ῥυπαρός has entered. For the act. cf. Jos. c. Ap. i. 220 ῥυπαίνειν τὴν εὐγένειαν. . . ἐπεχείρησαν, and Vett. Val. p. 1168 ψύξει τοὺς γάμους ἢ ῥυπαίνει.
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