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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4132 - πλήμμυρα
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- a flood, whether of sea or of a river
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
Prolongation from G4130
πλήμμυρα (so all editions) (or πλημυρα (cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. § 7 Anm. 17 note; Lob. Rhemat., p. 264)) (better accented as proparoxytone; Chandler § 160), πλημμύρας and (so G T Tr WH) πλημμύρης (see μάχαιρα), ἡ (from πλημμη or πλημη i. e. πλησμη (from πλήθω, πίμπλημι, which see)), a flood, whether of the sea or of a river: Luke 6:48. (Job 40:18; (Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquities 1, 71); Josephus, Antiquities 2, 10, 2; Plutarch, Sextus Empiricus; with ποταμῶν added, Philo de opif. mund. § 19; (cf. de vim Moys. i. § 36; iii, § 24; de Abrah. § 19; de leg. alleg. i. § 13).)
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(a) Apart from Philippians 1:13 (see (b)) πραιτώριον is always used in the NT to denote the ";palace"; or ";official residence"; of a Governor; cf. Mark 15:16, Acts 23:35. For this usage exx. can be freely supplied from our sources, e.g. BGU I. 288.14 (A.D. 138–161) κ [α ]θημέν ̣ω ̣ν ̣ ἐν συμβουλίῳ ἐν τῷ πραι [τωρίῳ τοῦ κρατίστου ἡγ ]εμόνος, P Oxy III. 471.110 (ii/A.D.) where an official Maximus is charged with keeping a youth all day ἐν τῶι [πραι ]τ ̣ω ̣ρ ̣ι ̣ω ̣ι, BGU I. 21i. 16 (A.D. 340) ὑπατείας Σεπτιμίου Ἀκινδύνου τοῦ λαμπροτάτ (ου) ἐπάρχου τοῦ ἱεροῦ πραιτωρίου, similarly P Oxy IX. 1190.16 (A.D. 347), ib. VIII. 1116.2 (A.D. 363), and from the inscrr. Syll 932 (= .3880).63 (A.D. 202) παραλα [νβ ]ά [νι ]ν τὰ πραιτώρια καὶ τὰ βαλανεῖα πανταχόθεν ὁλόκληρα. It may also be of interest to recall that an inscr. found in York and printed in IGSI 2548 begins θεοῖς τοῖς τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ πραιτωρίου Σκριβ (ώνιος) Δη [μ ]ήτριος.
(b) In Philippians 1:13 the word has been frequently understood of the ";praetorian barracks or camp,"; but, as Lightfoot Philippians.8 pp. 97–102 has pointed out, clear instances of this sense are wanting, and, further, such an interpretation would be out of keeping with the words that follow (ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς πᾶσιν). He prefers accordingly to give the word a personal application, and to think of the imperial or praetorian guards, the cohortes praetoriae : cf. Tac. Hist. iv. 46 militiam et stipendia orant . . . igitur in praetorium accepti, Suet. Nero 9 ascriptis veteranis e praetorio, and from the inscrr. Mission Archéol. de Macédoine P. 325, No. 130 Τι. Κλαύδιον οὐετρανὸν στρατευσάμενον ἐν πραιτωρίῳ, ";a veteran, who served in the Guards"; : cf. p. 326, No. 131.
With this Ramsay (Teaching, p. 363 f. ) now agrees in preference to his former view (Paul, p. 357), when following Mommsen (Berl. Sitzungsberichte, 1895, p. 498 n.1 : cf. Hermes xxxv. (1900), p. 437 f.) be understood the reference to be to ";the whole body of persons connected with the sitting in judgment,"; the law-officers of the Crown.
It should, however, be noted that, if the Epistle is to be referred to an Ephesian rather than a Roman captivity of the Apostle, as is now frequently the case, the view advocated above would require modification.
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