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Strong's #3767 - οὖν
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- then, therefore, accordingly, consequently, these things being so
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οὖν, Ion. and Dor. ὦν (the latter in Pi. P. 3.82, al., but οὖν in Hom. (v. infr.), B. 18.29,37, Cerc. 4.18, al.), Adv. certainly, in fact, confirming something, freq. in contrast with something which is not confirmed, in Hom. only in combination with γε (v. γοῦν), γάρ, οὔτε or μήτε, ὡς, ἐπεί, μέν, etc.:
I
1. really, φημὶ γὰρ οὖν κατανεῦσαι.. Κρονίωνα for I declare that Zeus did really promise.., Il. 2.350, cf. Pl. Prt. 309b; τόφρα γὰρ οὖν ἑπόμεσθα.., ὄφρ' for we followed them up to the very point, where.., Il. 11.754, cf. 15.232, Od. 2.123; εἰ δ' οὖν τις ἀκτὶς ἡλίου νιν ἱστορεῖ.. ζῶντα A. Ag. 676, cf. 1042; ἐλέχθησαν λόγοι ἄπιστοι μὲν ἐνίοισι Ἑλλήνων, ἐλέχθησαν δ' ὦν but they really were spoken, Hdt. 3.80, cf. 4.5, 6.82; Θηβαῖοι μὲν ταῦτα λέγουσι.., Πλαταιῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμολογοῦσι.., ἐκ δ' οὖν τῆς γῆς ἀνεχώρησαν at all events they did return, Th. 2.5, cf. 1.63, Pl. Prt. 315e; σωτηρίαν λεπτὴν μὲν.., μόνην δ' οὖν Id. Lg. 699b; so δ' οὖν after a parenthesis; εἰ δή τις ὑμῶν οὕτως ἔχει, — οὐκ ἀξιῶ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγε, — εἰ δ' οὖν but if he is so, Id. Ap. 34d, cf. Hdt. 6.76, Th. 1.3; so ἀλλ' οὖν.. γε but at all events, S. Ant. 84, Ph. 1305; ἔμπης οὖν ἐπιμεῖναι ἐς αὔριον to stay nevertheless at least till to-morrow, Od. 11.351; οὖν concessive, I grant you, τάχ' οὖν τις ἄκων ἔσχε S. Ph. 305: in apodosi after εἰ or ἐάν, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀλλ' ὦν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις.. Hdt. 3.140, cf. 9.48, E. Ph. 498, Pl. Phd. 91b, etc.: after ἐπεί and ὡς, ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ πρῶτον ἀνέκραγον but now that I have (emphat.) once spoken up, Od. 14.467, cf. 17.226, Il. 18.333; Τληπόλεμος δ', ἐπεὶ οὖν τράφ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ, αὐτίκα.. κατέκτα when once, i.e. as soon as, he had grown up, 2.661, cf. 15.363, 16.394, al.; νεβροί, αἵ τ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον.. ἑστᾶσ' which, as soon as they are tired, stand still, 4.244; to indicate that something foreshadowed has actually occurred, ἀγορήνδε καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς.., οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν 1.57, cf. 3.340, al.: sts. οὖν after ἐπεί or ὡς has either no force or approaches signf. 11 or 111, οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν παύσαντο πόνου Od. 16.478, cf. 19.213, 251, al.; τὸν δ' ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε Il. 3.21, al.; οὔτ' οὖν.., οὔτε.. or οὔτε.., οὔτ' οὖν.. both = neither.. nor, but preferred according as the first or second clause is to be marked by emphasis, cf. 17.20, Od. 2.200, Hdt. 9.26, with Od. 11.198s q., S. OT 90, 271, etc.; so εἰ.., εἴτ' οὖν.. if.., or if.., E. Alc. 140; εἴτ' οὖν, εἴτε μὴ γενήσεται whether it shall be so, or no, Id. Heracl. 149, cf. A. Ag. 491, S. El. 560; ξεῖνος αἴτ' ὦν ἀστός, i.e. αἴτε ξ. αἴτ' ὦν ἀ., Pi. P. 4.78; and doubled, εἴτ' οὖν ἀληθὲς εἴτ' οὖν ψεῦδος Pl. Ap. 34e, cf. A. Ch. 683: so also in parenth. Relat. clauses, ἢ σῖγ', ἀτίμως, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀπώλετο πατήρ even as, just as, ib. 96, cf. 888, E. Hipp. 1307 (v.l.); εἰ δ' ἔστιν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔστι, θεός if he is, as he in fact is, a god, Pl. Phdr. 242e; οὗτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴομαι Id. Revelation 21:1-27 d: for γὰρ οὖν, v. γάρ A. 11.5; for μὲν οὖν, v. μέν B. 11.2.
2. added to indef. Prons. and Advbs., like Lat. cunque, ὅστις whoever, ὁστισοῦν whosoever; ὅπως how, ὁπωσοῦν howsoever; ἄλλος ὁστισοῦν another, be he who he may; so ὁποιοσοῦν, ὁποιοστισοῦν, ὁποσοσοῦν, ὁπωσδηποτοῦν, ὁπητιοῦν, ὁποθενοῦν, etc., v. sub vocc.
II
1. to continue a narrative, so, then, καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν.. θῆκαν Od. 13.122; ὅτ' οὖν since, then,.., S. Ant. 170, El. 38, 1318; ζεῖ οὖν ἐν τούτῳ.. Pl. Phdr. 251c, cf. Prt. 322b; εὐθὺς οὖν ὁ Κῦρος εἶπεν X. Cyr. 4.1.22: in Hdt. and Att., μὲν οὖν (q.v.) is very common in this sense; so δ' οὖν A. Ag. 34, S. Aj. 114; οὖν is also used alone merely to resume after a parenth. or long protasis, well, as I was saying, ὦ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ.., ὑμεας γὰρ πυνθάνομαι προεστάναι.., — ὑμέας ὦν.. προσκαλέομαι.. Hdt. 1.69, cf. 4.75, Th. 2.16, Pl. Ap. 29d, Smp. 201d, etc.: Hdt. so uses ὦν after a short protasis, 1.144, etc.
2. ὦν is freq. inserted by Hdt. (sts. without any discernible meaning) between the Pr and its Verb (but only, it seems, in narrative with the aor., which is always the aor. of habitual action exc. in 2.172), ἐπεὰν δὲ ταῦτα ποιήσωσι, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν ib. 87; καὶ ἔπειτα ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν ib. 88: after a part., οἱ δὲ φέροντες ἐς τὴν ἀγορήν, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδοντο ib. 39; κατευξάμενοι, κοιλίην μὲν κείνην πᾶσαν ἐξ ὦν εἶλον ib. 40; ἤν τις ψαύσῃ.., αὐτοῖσι τοῖσι ἱματίοισι ἀπ' ὦν ἔβαψε ἑωυτόν ib. 47; τοῦτον κατ' ὦν κόψας ib. 172; so in Hp., δι' οὖν ἐφθάρησαν Morb. 1.14 (v.l.), al.; also ἐπ' ὦν ἐπίομες οἶνον Epich. 124.3: this tmesis is rare in Att., ὥστε γε καὐτόν σε κατ' οὖν ἔβαλεν Ar. Ra. 1047; but occurs in later writers, Dorieus ap. Phylarch. 3 J., AP 12.226 (Strat.).
III in inferences, then, therefore, not in Hom., rare in A., and usu. in questions (v. infr.); in a statement, Eu. 219; very common from Hdt. downwds.; so καὶ σὺ οὖν you too therefore, X. Cyr. 4.1.20; καὶ γὰρ οὖν Id. An. 1.9.8; cf. οὐ γὰρ οὖν, τοιγαροῦν: strengthd., δὴ οὖν Pl. Smp. 191c, etc.; οὖν δή Id. R. 340e: in questions, τίς οὖν ὁ λύσων σ' ἐστίν; A. Pr. 771, cf. S. Tr. 1191, Ar. Pl. 906, 909, etc.; ἆρ' οὖν δή; Pl. Tht. 146a; τί οὖν δή; S. Aj. 873 (lyr.), Pl. Phd. 57a.
οὖν a conjunction indicating that something follows from another necessarily; (others regard the primary force of the particle as confirmatory or continuative, rather than illative; cf. Passow, or Liddell and Scott, under the word; Kühner, § 508, 1 ii., p. 707ff; Bäumlein, p. 173ff; Krüger, § 69, 52; Donaldson, p. 571; Rost in a program Ueber Ableitung, as above, p. 2; Klotz, p. 717; Hartung 2:4). Hence, it is used in drawing a conclusion and in connecting sentences together logically, then, therefore, accordingly, consequently, these things being so ((Klotz, Rost, others, have wished to derive the word from the neuter participle ὄν (cf. ὄντως); but see Bäumlein or Kühner, as above); cf. Winer's Grammar, § 53, 8): Matthew 3:10; Matthew 10:32 (since persecutions are not to be dreaded, and consequently furnish no excuse for denying me (cf. Winer's Grammar, 455 (424))); Matthew 18:4; Luke 3:9; Luke 16:27; John 8:38 (καί ὑμεῖς οὖν, and ye accordingly, i. e. 'since, as is plain from my case, sons follow the example of their fathers'; Jesus says this in sorrowful irony (Winer's Grammar, 455 (424))); Acts 1:21 (since the office of the traitor Judas must be conferred on another); Romans 5:9; Romans 6:4; Romans 13:10; 1 Corinthians 4:16 (since I hold a father's place among you); 2 Corinthians 5:20; James 4:17, and many other examples As respects details, notice that it stands a. in exhortations (to show what ought now to be done by reason of what has been said), equivalent to wherefore (our transitional therefore): Matthew 3:8; Matthew 5:48; Matthew 9:38; Luke 11:35; Luke 21:14, 36 (R G L marginal reading Tr marginal reading); Acts 3:19; Acts 13:40; Romans 6:12; Romans 14:13; 1 Corinthians 16:11; 2 Corinthians 8:24; Ephesians 5:1; Ephesians 6:14 Philippians 2:29; Colossians 2:16; 2 Timothy 1:8; Hebrews 4:1, 11; Hebrews 10:35; James 4:7; James 5:7; 1 Peter 4:7; 1 Peter 5:6; Revelation 1:19 (G L T Tr WH);
b. in questions, then, therefore (Latinigitur); α. when the question is, what follows or seems to follow from what has been said: Matthew 22:28; Matthew 27:22 (Winer's Grammar, 455 (424)); Mark 15:12; Luke 3:10; Luke 20:15, 33; John 8:5; τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν; Romans 6:1; Romans 7:7; Romans 9:14; τί οὖν φημί; 1 Corinthians 10:19; τί οὖν; what then? i. e. how then does the matter stand? (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 64, 2 a.), John 1:21 (here WH marginal reading punct. τί οὖν σύ;) Romans 3:9; Romans 6:15; Romans 11:7; also τί οὖν ἐστιν; (what is it then?) Acts 21:22; 1 Corinthians 14:15, 26. β. when it is asked, whether this or that follows from what has just been said: Matthew 13:28; Luke 22:70; John 18:39; Romans 3:31; Galatians 3:21. γ. when it is asked, how something which is true or regarded as true, or what someone does, can be reconciled with what has been previously said or done: Matthew 12:26; Matthew 13:27; Matthew 17:10 (where the thought is, 'thou commandest us to tell no one about this vision we have had of Elijah; what relation then to this vision has the doctrine of the scribes concerning the coming of Elijah? Is not this doctrine confirmed by the vision?'); Matthew 19:7; Matthew 26:54; Luke 20:17; John 4:11 (Tdf. omits οὖν); Acts 15:10 (νῦν οὖν, now therefore, i. e. at this time, therefore, when God makes known his will so plainly); Acts 19:3; Romans 4:1 (where the meaning is, 'If everything depends on faith, what shall we say that Abraham gained by outward things, i. e. by works?' (but note the critical texts)); 1 Corinthians 6:15; Galatians 3:5. δ. in general, it serves simply to subjoin questions suggested by what has just been said: Romans 3:27; Romans 4:9f.;
c. in epanalepsis, i. e. it serves to resume a thought or narrative interrupted by intervening matter (Matthiae, 2, p. 1497; (Winers Grammar, 444 (414))), like Latinigitur,inquam, our as was said, say I, to proceed, etc.; Mark 3:31 (R G) (cf. Mark 3:21); Luke 3:7 (cf. Luke 3:3); John 4:45 (cf. John 4:43);
d. it serves to gather up summarily what has already been said, or even what cannot be narrated at length: Matthew 1:17; Matthew 7:24 (where no reference is made to what has just before been said (?), but all the moral precepts of the Serm. on the Mount are summed up in a single rule common to all); Luke 3:18; John 20:30; Acts 26:22.
e. it serves to adapt examples and comparisons to the case in hand: John 3:29; John 16:22; — or to add examples to illustrate the subject under consideration: Romans 12:20 Rec. f. In historical discourse it serves to make the transition from one tiring to another, and to connect the several parts and portions of the narrative, since the new occurrences spring from or are occasioned by what precedes (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 60, 3): Luke 6:9 R G; numberless times so in John, as
g. with other conjunction οὖν, so then, Latinhinc igitur, in Paul; see ἄρα, 5. εἰ οὖν, if then (where what has just been said and proved is carried over to prove something else), see εἰ, III. 12; (εἰ μέν οὖν, see μέν, II. 4, p. 398{b}). εἴτε οὖν ... εἴτε, whether then ... or: 1 Corinthians 10:31; 1 Corinthians 15:11. ἐπεί οὖν, since then: Hebrews 2:14; Hebrews 4:6; for which also a participle is put with οὖν, as Acts 2:30; Acts 15:2 (T Tr WH δέ);
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οὖν ,
particle expressing consequence or simple sequence (never standing first in a sentence),
wherefore, therefore, then: Matthew 3:10, Luke 3:9, John 8:38, Acts 1:21, Romans 5:9, al.; in exhortations, Matthew 3:8, Luke 11:35, Acts 3:19, Romans 6:12, al.; in questions, Matthew 13:28, Mark 15:12, John 8:5, Romans 6:1, al.; continuing a narrative or resuming it after a digression, Matthew 1:17, Luke 3:18, John 1:22; John 2:18 (and very freq. in this Gospel), Acts 26:22, al.; ἄρα οὖν (see ἄρα ); ἐπεὶ οὖν , Hebrews 2:14; οὖν c. ptcp. (= ἐπεὶ οὖν ), Acts 2:39, Romans 5:1, al.; ἐὰν οὖν (where οὖν rather in sense belongs to the apodosis), Matthew 5:23, Luke 4:7, John 6:62, Romans 2:26, al.; ὡς οὖν , John 4:1, al.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
With the inf. construction of this verb, ";exhort,"; ";advise,"; as in Acts 27:22, cf. BGU III. 747i. 10 (A.D. 139) στρατιώταις. . . παραινῶν πείθε [σθ ]αι τοῖς κελευομένοις, and see Proleg. p. 205. Cf. further BGU II. 372ii. 4 (A.D. 154) ἵνα δὲ μὴ μόνον το [ύτ ]οις ̣ ἀλλὰ [κ ]αὶ ἑτέ [ρ ]οις ταῦτά μ ̣ε ̣ π ̣α ̣ραινεῖν καὶ πράσσειν μ ̣α ̣θ ̣ωσι, the late P Iand 16.4 (v/vi A.D.) ὑμέτερον οὖν τῶν σ [υ ]μ ̣β ̣[ιωτῶν ̣] ἐ ̣σ ̣τιν τὸ παραινέσαι τῷ σοφωτάτῳ ὑμῶν ἀδελφῷ [τ ]ο ̣̣ δίκαιό [ν ̣] μ ̣ο ̣υ ̣ φ [υ ̣λ ̣]άξαι ἐν τῇ κρίσει, and Kaibel 261.17 (ii/A.D.) τοῦτ᾽ Εὔοδος βροτοῖς πᾶσι παραινῶ. For the absol. use in Acts 27:9 we may cite Syll 36 (= .389).40 (B.C. 420) καθὰ παραινοσι Β [οττιαῖοι. The meaning ";encouragement"; usually given to παραίνεσις in Sap. 8:9 may perhaps be supported by Syll 256 (= .3557).33 (B.C. 207–6) διὰ τὴμ παρα [ίνεσιν τοῦ θε ]οῦ.
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