Bible Lexicons

The classical distinction between ὅστις and ὅς which in the NT is maintained on the whole in Paul, but not in Luke (nor in the LXX, Thackeray Gr. i. p. 192), has worn very thin in the papyri. Thus with Matthew 27:62 al. we may compare P Oxy I. 110.4 (an invitation to dinner—ii/A.D.) αὔριον, ἥτις ἐστιν ι ̄ε ̄, ἀπὸ ὥρας θ ̄, ";to-morrow, which is the 15th, at nine o’clock,"; P Fay 108.7 (c. A.D. 171) ἐχθὲς ἥτις ἦν ι ̄θ ̄ τοῦ [ὄ ]ντος μηνὸς Θώθ, ";yesterday which was the 19th of the present month Thoth,"; and many similar exx. See also P Oxy I. 40.6 (a doctor’s claim for immunity from some form of public service—ii/iii A.D.) ἰατρὸς ὑπάρχων τὴ [ν τέ ]χνην τούτους αὐτοὺς οἵτινές με εἰς λειτο [υ ]ρ [γ ]ίαν δεδωκασ i evqera,peusa, ";I am a doctor by profession and I have treated these very persons who have assigned me a public burden"; (Edd.).

With the indefinite use of ὅστις = ";whosoever"; in Matthew 5:39 cf. P Par 574.1240 (iii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 113) ἐξορκίζω σε δαῖμον, ὅστις ποτ᾽ οὖν εἶ, ";I adjure thee, O demon, whoever thou art,"; and similarly Wünsch AF 4.1 (iii/A.D.). For the neut. ὅ τι see P Tebt II. 411.14 (ii/A.D.) παραγενόμενος γὰρ εἴσῃ ὅ τι ποτέ ἐστιν, ";for when you come you will know what it means"; ( Edd.); and note the curious combination in P Gen I. 54.3 ff. (iv/A.D.) οἶδας τὴν προέρεσιν μου ὅ τι ὁποίαν προέρεσιν ἔχω καὶ οἶδας τὴν γνώμην μου ὅ τι γν [ώ ]μη ὁποία ἐστιν, and in BGU II. 601.10 (ii/A.D.) γράψον μοι περὶ τῆς οἰκίας, ὅ τι τί ἔπραξας.

Other exx. are P Eleph 1.7 (B.C. 311–10) (= Selections, p. 3 amended), ἐπιδειξάτω δὲ Ἡρακλείδης ὅ τι ἂν ἐγκαλῆι Δημητρίαι, ";but let Heraclides state whatever charge he brings against Demetria,"; P Rev Lxlv. 11 (B.C. 258) ὅ τι ἂ [ν ἡ ὠ ]νὴ διὰ τούτους καταβλάβηι διπλοῦν, ";twice the amount of the loss which they may have incurred on account of these (workmen)"; (Edd.), PSI IV. 415.9 (iii/B.C.) καθ᾽ ὅ τι ἄν σου τυγχάνηι [χρ ]εία [ν ] ἔχων, ib VI. 623.18 (iii/B.C.) σὺ καλῶς ποήσεις δοὺς τῆι παιδίσκηι ὅ τι ἄν σοι δόξηι, and P Tebt II. 383.39 (A.D. 46) ὅ τι δ᾽ ἂν τῶν προγεγραμμένω [ν παρασυνγρα ]θῇ τις τῶν ὁμολογούντων, ";whichever of the aforesaid provisions any one may violate,"; Cf. PSI V. 533.8 (iii/B.C.) λόφους τριχίνους ὅ τι βελτίστους γ ̄.

On the whole ὅστις is comparatively rare in the papyri, and where found is geneially in the nom. as in the NT, rarely acc. as P Lond 77.65 (end of vi/A.D.) (= I. 235, Chrest. II. p. 372) ἥντινα (διαθήκην) πεποίημαί σοι εἰς ἀσφάλειαν Ἐξ ὅτου is found in P Lond 190.14 (iii/A.D.?) (= II. p. 254), and ἕως ὅτου (NT quinquies) in P Gen I. 56.19 (A.D. 346) ἕως ὅτου ἀποδῶ τὸ χρέως.

Reference may be made to an art. in JBL xlii. (1923), p. 150 ff. on ";The Relative Pronouns in Acts and Elsewhere,"; in which H. J. Cadbury comes to the conclusion ";that the indefinite relative is merely a synonymous substitute for the simpler form in many Κοινή writings"; including most New Testament writings. A good ex. of the interchange of ὅστις and ὅς is to be found in Diodor. xiv. 101. 1 ἥτις ἂν ὑπὸ τῶν Λευκανῶν λεηλατηθῇ —ἧς δ᾽ ἂν πόλεως (cited by Radermacher Gr. p. 185).

 

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