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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3498 - νεκρός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- properly
- one that has breathed his last, lifeless
- deceased, departed, one whose soul is in heaven or hell
- destitute of life, without life, inanimate
- metaph.
- spiritually dead
- destitute of a life that recognises and is devoted to God, because given up to trespasses and sins
- inactive as respects doing right
- destitute of force or power, inactive, inoperative
- spiritually dead
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
did not use
this Strong's Number
νεκρός, ὁ
(of a woman, Diph. 129),
I
1. corpse, Hom., etc.: as Subst., in early writers always of mankind, νεκροὺς συλήσετε τεθνηῶτας Il. 6.71; ν. ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας 18.540: freq. of those killed in battle, τοὺς ν. ὑποσπόνδους ἀνείλοντο Th. 4.44, etc.: in sg., νεκρῷ ἐούσῃ Μελίσσῃ Hdt. 5.92. η'; κεῖται ν. περὶ νεκρῷ S. Ant. 1240, etc.; Πατρόκλῳ ν. ὄντι Pl. R. 391b: the Art. is freq. omitted even of a particular corpse, esp. when a gen. is added, ν. γυναικός, ἀνθρώπου, Hdt. 2.89, 90, cf. A. Ag. 659, Th. 1018; later, of a fish, ν. ἰχθύος M.Ant. 6.13: neut. pl. νεκρά, τά, Plu. 2.773d: metaph., νεκρὰ καὶ καπνός M.Ant. 12.33.
2. dying person, μυχθισμὸς νεκρῶν E. Rh. 789; ν. ἀσπαίροντες Antipho 2.4.5; ν. ἀποθνῄσκοντες Th. 2.52.
3. metaph., ὁ υἱός μου ν. ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησε Luke 15:24; ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς καὶ ν. εἶ Revelation 3:1; ν. τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ Romans 6:11.
4. in pl., the dead, as dwellers in the nether world, κλυτὰ ἔθνεα νεκρῶν Od. 10.526, cf. 11.34, etc.; ἐν νεκροῖς LXX Psalms 87:5(88).5; ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγεῖραι John 12:1; ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ ἐκ ν. Luke 20:35 : metaph., ζωὴ ἐκ ν. Romans 11:15.
II
1. as Adj. νεκρός, ά, όν, dead, first in Pi., ν. ἵππος Fr. 203; ν. σώματα Mitteis Chr. 31 ii 22 (ii B.C.), Ach.Tat. 3.5, cf. Nic.Dam. 58 J., Plu. 2.685b, X. Ephesians 5:1, POxy. 51.8 (ii A.D.), BGU 1024vii26 (iv/v A.D.) (but also τὰ τῶν ν. σώματα Pl. Lg. 959b; σῶμα.. νεκροῦ E. Hec. 679); ν. χελώνη Luc. DDeor. 7.4: Comp. -ότερος AP 11.135 (Lucill.).
2. inanimate, inorganic, opp. ἔμψυχος, Plot. 3.6.6; οὐχὶ ν., ὥσπερ λίθον ἢ ξύλον, ἀλλὰ ζω[]ν Id. 4.7.9; οὐρανὸς.. ὢν πρὸ ψυχῆς σῶμα ν., γῆ καὶ ὕδωρ Id. 5.1.2; ἡ ν. θάλασσα the Dead Sea, Paus. 5.7.4, Gal. 11.690, Orph. A. 1082.
3. metaph., ν. πλοῦτος Philostr. VS 2.1.1.
νεκρός, νεκρά, νεκρόν (akin to the Latinneco, nex (from a root signifying 'to disappear' etc.; cf. Curtius, § 93; Fick i., p. 123; Vanicek, p. 422f)), the Sept. chiefly for מֵת; dead, i. e.:
1. properly,
a. one that has breathed his last, lifeless: Matthew 28:4; Mark 9:26; Luke 7:15; Acts 5:10; Acts 20:9; Acts 28:6; Hebrews 11:35; Revelation 1:17; ἐπί νεκροῖς, if men are dead (where death has occurred (see ἐπί, Buttmann, 2 a. ε., p. 233a at the end)), Hebrews 9:17; ἐγείρειν νεκρούς, Matthew 10:8; Matthew 11:5; Luke 7:22; hyperbolically and proleptically equivalent to as if already dead, sure to die, destined inevitably to die: τό σῶμα, Romans 8:10 (τό σῶμα and τό σωμάτιον φύσει νεκρόν, Epictetus diss. 3, 10, 15 and 3, 22, 41; in which sense Luther called the human body, although alive,einen alten Madensack (cf. Shakespeare's "thou worms-meat!")); said of the body of a dead man (so in Homer often; for נְבֵלָה a corpse Deuteronomy 28:26; Isaiah 26:19; Jeremiah 7:33; Jeremiah 9:22; Jeremiah 19:7): μετά τῶν νεκρῶν, among the dead, i. e. the buried, Luke 24:5; θάψαι τούς νεκρούς, Matthew 8:22; Luke 9:60; ὀστέα νεκρῶν, Matthew 23:27; of the corpse of a murdered man, αἷμα ὡς νεκροῦ, Revelation 16:3 (for הָרוּג, Ezekiel 37:9; for חָלָל,thrust through, slain, Ezekiel 9:7; Ezekiel 11:6).
b. deceased, departed, one whose soul is in Hades: Revelation 1:18; Revelation 2:8; νεκρός ἦν, was like one dead, as good as dead, Luke 15:24, 32; plural, 1 Corinthians 15:29; Revelation 14:13; ἐν Χριστῷ, dead Christians (see ἐν, I. 6 b., p. 211b), 1 Thessalonians 4:16; very often οἱ νεκροί and νεκροί (without the article; see Winers Grammar, p. 123 (117) and cf. Buttmann, 89 (78) note) are used of the assembly of the dead (see ἀνάστασις, 2 and ἐγείρω, 2): 1 Peter 4:6; Revelation 20:5, 12f; τίς ἀπό τῶν νεκρῶν, one (returning) from the dead, the world of spirits, Luke 16:30; ἐκ νεκρῶν, from the dead, occurs times too many to count (see ἀνάστασις, ἀνίστημι, ἐγεριω): ἀνάγειν τινα ἐκ νεκρῶν, Romans 10:7; Hebrews 13:20; ζωή ἐκ νεκρῶν, life springing forth from death, i. e. the return of the dead to life (see ἐκ, I. 5), Romans 11:15; πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν who was the first that returned to life from among the dead, Colossians 1:18; also πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν Revelation 1:5; ζοωποίειν τούς νεκρούς Romans 4:17; ἐγείρειν τινα ἀπό τῶν νεκρῶν, to rouse one to quit (the assembly of) the dead, Matthew 14:2; Matthew 27:64; Matthew 28:7; κρίνειν ζῶντας καί νεκρούς, 2 Timothy 4:1; 1 Peter 4:5; κριτής ζώντων καί νεκρῶν, Acts 10:42; νεκρῶν καί ζώντων κυριεύειν, Romans 14:9.
c. destitute of life, without life, inanimate (equivalent to ἄψυχος): τό σῶμα χωρίς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν, James 2:26; οὐκ ἐστιν (ὁ) Θεός νεκρῶν ἀλλά ζώντων, God is the guardian God not of the dead but of the living, Matthew 22:32; Mark 12:27; Luke 20:38.
2. tropically:
a. (spiritually dead, i. e.) "destitute of a life that recognizes and is devoted to God, because given up to trespasses and sins; inactive as respects doing right": John 5:25; Romans 6:13; Ephesians 5:14; Revelation 3:1; with τοῖς παραπτώμασιν (the dative of cause (cf. Winer's Grammar, 412 (384f))) added, Ephesians 2:1, 5; ἐν (but T Tr WH omit ἐν) τοῖς παραπτοις Colossians 2:13; in the pointed saying ἄφες τούς νεκρούς θάψαι τούς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς, leave those who are indifferent to the salvation offered them in the gospel, to bury thee bodies of their own dead, Matthew 8:22; Luke 9:60.
b. universally, destitute of force or power, inactive, inoperative: τῇ ἁμαρτία, unaffected by the desire to sin (cf. Winers Grammar, 210 (199); Buttmann, § 133, 12), Romans 6:11; of things: ἁμαρτία, Romans 7:8; πίστις, James 2:17, 20 (R G), 26; ἔργα, powerless and fruitless (see ἔργον, 3, p. 248b bottom), Hebrews 6:1; Hebrews 9:14. (Cf. θνητός, at the end)
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νεκρός , -ά , -όν ,
[in LXX chiefly for H4191;]
dead,
I. as adj.,
1. prop.: Acts 5:10; Acts 20:9, James 2:26, Revelation 1:18, al.; ὡσεὶ ν ., Matthew 28:4, Mark 9:26, Revelation 1:17;of that which is subject to death, Romans 8:10.
2. Metaph.,
(a) of persons: Luke 15:24; Luke 15:32; of those immersed in worldly cares, Matthew 8:22, Luke 9:60; of spiritual death, John 5:25, Romans 6:13, Ephesians 5:14, Revelation 3:1; τ . παραπτώμασιν , Ephesians 2:1; Ephesians 2:5, Colossians 2:13; of the opposite condition, ν . τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ Romans 6:11;
(b) of things regarded as inoperative, devoid of power: ἁμαρτία , Revelation 7:8; πίοτις , James 2:17; James 2:26; ἔργα , Hebrews 6:1; Hebrews 9:14.
II. As subst., νεκρός , ὁ (Hom., a1.), chiefly in pl. (οἱ ) ν ., the dead: Matthew 11:5, Mark 12:26, Luke 20:37, 1 Corinthians 15:15, al.; ἀνάστασις (τ .) νεκρῶν , Matthew 22:31, Acts 17:32, al.; ν . . . . ζῶντες , Matthew 22:32, Mark 12:27, Acts 10:42, al.; ἀπὸ νεκρῶν , Luke 16:30; ἐκ ν ., Mark 6:14, Luke 24:46, John 12:1, Acts 13:34, Romans 10:7, al.; πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν ν ., Colossians 1:18; ζωὴ ἐκ ν ., Romans 11:15; constr. praegn., ἐκ ν . ζῶντες , Romans 6:13.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
ὁδός in its ordinary sense of ";way,"; ";road,"; is seen in such passages as P Petr I. 21.11 (B.C. 237) ὁδὸς δημοσία, ib. 23.7 (iii/B.C.) (p. [66]) ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλικῆς ὁδοῦ, P Lond 106.14 (iii/B.C.) (= I. p. 61) τά τε σκεύη μου ἐξέρριψεν εἰς τὴν ὁδόν, P Fay 111.5 (A.D. 95–6) ἀπὸ τοῦ σκυλμοῦ τῆς ὡ (= ὁ)δοῦ, ";owing to the fatigue of the journey"; (Edd.), and P Oxy VII. 1068.25 (iii/A.D.) καθ᾽ ὁδόν, ";on the road"; (cf. Luke 10:4, al.). For the metaphorical usage we may cite P Lond 897.10 (A.D. 84) (=III. p. 207) in which a man writes that, in view of the treatment received on his last visit, he will not return to the Arsinoite nome, unless his correspondent can find some ";way"; of preventing a repetition of the injury—ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἦσα (l. ἦσθα) εὑρηκώς τινα ὁδὸν γράψον μοι κτλ. In the note on P Strass II. 85.22 (B.C. 113) it is suggested that the true reading of P Lond 880.23 (B.C. 119) (= III. p. 9) is πλατεία ὁδὸς τῶν θεῶν. The Christian letter P Oxy XII. 1494.8 (early iv/A.D.) shows us ὁδὸς εὐθεῖα, as in 2 Peter 2:15. For the difficult ὁδὸν θαλάσσης in Matthew 4:15, see McNeile’s note ad l.
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