Bible Lexicons

μαρτυρέω , -ῶ

(< μάρτυς ),

[in LXX chiefly for H5707 (Genesis 31:47-48, al.), also for H5749 hi. (Genesis 43:3, Lamentations 2:13), H6030 (Numbers 35:30);]

(a) prop., to be a witness, bear witness, testify: absol. (find., al.), John 15:27, Acts 26:5; parenthetical (Bl., § 79, 7; MM, xvi), 2 Corinthians 8:3; c. dat. pers. (comm. et incomm.; El., § 37, 2), Acts 22:5, Hebrews 10:15; id. seq. ὅτι , Matthew 23:31, Romans 10:2, al.; acc et inf., Acts 10:43; c. acc rei (cl.), John 3:11, Revelation 22:16; Revelation 22:20; c. acc cogn., seq. περί , John 5:32, 1 John 5:10; c. dat. rei, John 5:33, Acts 14:3, al.; seq. περί , c. gen. (pers. et rei), John 1:7-8; John 1:15; John 2:25; John 18:23; John 21:24, al.; id. seq. ὅτι , John 5:36; John 7:7; ὅτι , John 1:34; John 4:44 al.; ὅτι recit., John 4:39; κατά seq. ὅτι , 1 Corinthians 15:15; pass., Hebrews 7:8; ptcp., Romans 3:21; impers., Hebrews 7:17;

(b) in late Gk., to witness favourably, give a good report, approve (Bl., § 54, 3; MM, xvi; Deiss., BS, 265): c. dat. pers., Luke 4:22; seq. ἐπί c. dat. rei, Hebrews 11:4; pass., Acts 6:3; seq. ἐν , 1 Timothy 5:10, Hebrews 11:2; διά , c. gen. rei, Hebrews 11:39; c. gen. pers., Acts 10:22, al.; impers., 3 John 1:12 (cf. ἐπι , συν -επι -, κατα -, συν -μαρτυρέω ).

The common occurrence of this word after a signature, just as we write ";witness,"; e.g. P Oxy I. 105.13 (a will—A.D. 117–137) Σαραπίων Σαραπίωνος. . μαρτυρῶ, P Lond 1164 (f).35 (records of sales and receipts—A.D. 212) (= III. p. 162) Ἡλιό [δ ]ωρος. . . μαρτυρῶ, P Grenf II. 68.21 f. (deed of gift—A.D. 247) Αὐρήλιος Φιλοσάραπις. . μαρτ [υρ ]ῶ. Αὐρήλιος Ἀμμώνιος. . μαρτυρῶ, may be cited in illustration of the Pauline usage in 2 Corinthians 8:3. The verb has again a judicial sense in P Amh II. 66.35 (A.D. 124) Στοτοήτιος λέγοντος. . . παρεῖναι τοὺς μαρτυρῆσαι δυναμένους τὸ [ν ] φόν [ο ]ν, ";Stotoëtis Stated that there were present persons able to witness to the murder"; (Edd.), cf. .38. For the more general meaning, ";bear witness to,"; ";report,"; cf. PSI I. 94.3 (ii/A.D.) πρὸς τὸ μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμεῖν τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν μου, P Oxy VII. 1064.12 (iii/A.D.) γράφω σοι. . ὅπως συνλάβῃς τῷ Ἄπει. . ξενίαν δὲ αὐτῷ ποιήσῃς, πρὸς τὸ ἐπανελθόντα αὐτὸν μαρτυρῆσαί μοι, ";I write to you that you may assist Apis, and may show him hospitality, so that on his return he may bear witness of it to me"; (Ed,), similarly ib. 1068.19 (iii/A.D.), ib. XII, 1424.17 (c. A.D. 318) ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα μοι μαρτυρήσῃ τὰ ὑπὸ τῆς ἀγαθῆς σου προαιρέσεως αὐτῷ ὑπαρχθέντα, ";but let him testify to the benefits gained by your good will"; (Edd.) (for the construction cf. Mark 5:23, Ephesians 5:33, al.), and the early Christian letter P Grenf II. 73.16 (late iii/A.D.) (= Selections, p.118) ὅταν ἔλθῃ σὺν Θεῷ, μαρτυρήσι σοι περὶ ὧν αὐτὴν πεποιήκασιν, ";when he airives by the help of God, he will bear you witness of what they have done to her."; Another Christian example is P Oxy VIII. 1164.11 (vi/vii A.D.) where a minor local magnate writes to a comes —μαρτυρεῖ μοι γὰρ ὁ θεὸς ὅτι σπουδάζω ἐν ἅπασιν τὰ κελευόμενά μοι παρ᾽ ὑμῶν ἁποπληρῶσαι, ";God is my witness that I am anxious in everything to perform your orders"; (Ed.). For μαρτυρέω, ";give a good report,"; as in Luke 4:22, cf. P Oxy VI. 930.16 (ii/iii A.D.), where a mother writes to her son that she had received a good report of his παιδαγωγός from his former teacher—ἐμαρτύρει δὲ πολλὰ περὶ τοῦ παιδαγωγοῦ σου : cf. Syll 197 (= .3374).37 (c. B.C. 287–6) πολλάκις μεμαρτύρηκεν αὐτῶν ὁ βασιλεύς. The corresponding use of the pass, with reference to ";the good name"; witnessed of a man, as in Acts 6:8; Acts 10:22, 1 Timothy 5:10, Hebrews 11:2, may be illustrated from BGU IV, 1141.15 (B.C. 14) ὡς καὶ μαρτυρηθήσεταί σοι ὑπὸ τῶν φίλων, ib. 1155.15 (B.C. 10) (= Chrest. II. p.75) πιττακ ̣ι ̣ου μεμαρτυρημένου δὲ δι᾽ ὧν ἀνήνενκεν ὁ Πρώταρχος συνχωρήσεων, and from the inscrr. Syll 366 (= .3799).28 (c. A.D. 38) ἀρχιτέκτονας μαρτυρηθέντας ὑπὸ τῆς σεμνοτάτης Τρυφαίν [ης, and Latyschev I. 21.26 ff. (Olbia—ii/A.D.), where it is said of a certain Carzoazus—ἀλλὰ καὶ (μέχρι) περάτων γῆς ἐμαρτυρήθη τοὺς ὑπὲρ φιλίας κινδύνους μέχρι Σεβαστῶν συμμαχίᾳ παραβολευσάμενος, ";but also to the ends of the world it was witnessed of him that in the interests of friendship he had exposed himself to dangers as an advocate in (legal) strife (by taking his clients’ causes even) up to emperors"; (Deissmann LAE p. 84 n..5) : see also the temple inscr. from Abydos Preisigke 1070 δι᾽ ὅλης οἰκουμέν (ης) μαρτυρούμενον οὐράνιον θεὸν [Βησᾶν ἐ ]δείσα [μεν, and further exx. in Deissmann BS, p. 265, CR i. p. 46. MGr μαρτυρῶ, ";acknowledge,";";confess";; ";inform.";

 

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