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Strong's #1473 - ἐγώ
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ἐγώ,
I: Pron. of the first person: — mostly ἐγών before vowels (so in Dor., before consonants, Epich. 85, Sophr. 81, Ar. Ach. 748, 754), rarely in Trag., A. Pers. 932 (lyr.); Boeot. ἱών A.D. Pron. 51.4: — strengthd. ἔγωγε, I at least, for my part, indeed, for myself (more freq. in Att. than in Hom.): Dor. ἐγώνγα Alcm. 51, Ar. Ach. 736, Lys. 986, dat. ἐμίνγα IG 22.1126.7 (Amphict. Delph.): Boeot. ἱώνγα Corinn. 21; ἱώνει Ead. 10; ἰώγα Ar. Ach. 898: Lacon. and Tarent. ἐγώνη, Hsch., A.D. Conj. 255.29.
II oblique cases from a difft. root, gen. ἐμοῦ, enclit. μου; Ion. and ἐμέο, ἐμεῦ, μευ, also ἐμέθεν Il. 1.525, E. Hel. 177 (lyr.); Aeol. ἔμεθεν Sapph. Supp. 23.7; ἐμεῖο IG 3.1337; μεθέν Sophr. 20; Dor. ἐμέος, ἐμεῦς, Epich. 144; Boeot. ἐμοῦς Corinn. 37; also ἐμῶς, ἐμίο, ἐμίω, ἐμίως A.D. Pron. 74.17: — dat. ἐμοί, enclit. μοι (which may be compared with Skt. gen. me in κλῦθί μοι Il. 5.115, al.); ὅ μοι πόσις Schwyzer 683 (Cypr.); Dor. ἐμίν Epich. 99, AJA 29.461 (Rhodian, v B. C.), Ar. Ach. 733, Theoc. 4.30; Tarent. ἐμίνη Rhinth. 13: acc. ἐμέ, enclit. με; Cypr. μι Inscr.Cypr. 59,60 H.
III dual, nom. and acc., νῶι, we two, Il. 5.34, etc.; acc. νῶιν Zenod.ad Il. 8.377; Att. νώ Pl. Phdr. 278b (also Il. 5.219, Od. 15.475); νῶε Antim. 39, Corinn. 5: gen., dat. νῶιν; νῷν S. Ant. 3; νῶι dat., Orph. L. 773; νῶιν, = ἡμῖν, Q.S. 1.213, etc. pl., nom. ἡμεῖς (ἡμέες f.l. in Hdt. 2.6, al., rejected by A.D. Pron. 93.1); Aeol. ἄμμες Od. 9.303, Alc. 18.3, Pi. P. 4.144; Dor. ἁμές Alcm. 65, Epich. 42, Ar. Lys. 168: — gen. ἡμῶν (also ἥμων A.D. Synt. 130.23); Ion. ἡμέων Hdt. 1.112, etc.; ἡμείων Od. 24.170, Herod. 1.46; Aeol. ἀμμέων Alc. 88, Milet. 3 No.152.29; ἄμμων ib.74, A.D. Pron. 95.3; Dor. ἁμέων Alcm. 66; ἁμῶν [ Epich. ] 266, Ar. Lys. 168, Theoc. 2.158; Cret., Boeot. ἁμίων SIG 528.5, A.D. Pron. 95.21: — dat. ἡμῖν, in S. also ἡμίν (ῐ) (or ἧμιν Aristarch.ad Il. 1.214, A.D. Pron. 95.3); also rarely in Com., Phryn.Com. 37, Ar. Av. 386 (dub.); Aeol. ἄμμῐν, ἄμμῐ, Il. 1.384, Alc. 80, al., Pi. P. 4.155, A. Th. 156 (lyr.), Milet. 3 No.152; ἄμμεσιν Alc. 100; Dor. also ἁμίν or ἇμιν, Alcm. 77, 78, A. Eu. 347 (lyr.), Ar. Lys. 1081; with ῑ, Id. Ach. 821, Theoc. 7.145: — acc. ἡμᾶς (also ἧμᾰς Od. 16.372); Ion. ἡμέας Il. 8.211, SIG 273.25 (Milet., iv B. C.); ἥμεας Od. 4.294 (cf. Hdn.Gr. 2.140); Aeol. ἄμμε Il. 1.59, Sapph. 115, Theocr.8.25; Dor. ἁμέ SIG 1 (Abu Simbel, vi B. C.), Epich. 173, Ar. Ach. 759 codd., Lys. 95. — On these dialectic varieties, v. A.D. Pron. 50 sqq. (Cf. Skt. ahám (ἐγών), acc. pl. asmâ´n; for νώ cf. Skt. nau): — freq. in answers, as an affirmative, esp. in form ἔγωγε, S. Tr. 1248, Pl. Tht. 149b, etc.; οὗτος ἐ. here am I, Pi. O. 4.26; ὅδ' ἐκεῖνος ἐ. S. OC 138 (lyr.); rarely with Art., τὸν ἐμέ myself, Pl. Tht. 166a, Sph. 239b (but ὁ ἐ. the Self, the Ego, Dam. Pr. 444); τίς ὢν οὗτος ὁ ἐγὼ τυγχάνω; Plu. 2.1119a; τί ἐστι φίλος; ἄλλος ἐ. Pythag. ap. Herm. in Phdr. p.166 A.; τί τοῦτ' ἐμοί; ἡμῖν τί τοῦτ' ἔστ'; Lat. quid mea hoc refert ? Ar. Th. 498, etc.; ἐγώ; in a question, Ar. Eq. 1336, al.; ἡμεῖς the self, ἔνθα δὴ ἡμεῖς μάλιστα Plot. 1.1.7.
ἐγώ, genitive ἐμοῦ, enclitic μου; dative ἐμοί, enclitic μοι; accusative ἐμέ, enclitic με; plural ἡμεῖς, etc.; personal pronoun,
I.
1. The nominatives ἐγώ and ἡμεῖς, when joined to a verb, generally have force and emphasis, or indicate antithesis, as Matthew 3:11; Mark 1:8; Luke 3:16 (ἐγώ μέν ... ὁ δέ); Matthew 3:14 (ἐγώ ... ἔχω, καί σύ);
2. The enclitic (and monosyllabic) genitive, dative, and accusative are connected with nouns, verbs, adverbs, but not with prepositions: ἔμπροσθεν μου, John 1:15; ὀπίσω μου, Matthew 3:11; ἰσχυρότερός μου, ibid.; τίς μου ἥψατο, Mark 5:31; λέγει μοι, Revelation 5:5; ἀρνήσηταί με, Matthew 10:33; Luke 12:9 (on the accent in these expressions cf. Winers Grammar, § 6, 3; (Lipsius, Gram. Untersuch., p. 59ff; Lob. Path. Elementa ii., p. 323f; Tdf. N. T. edition 7, Proleg., p. 61f; edition 8, p. 104)); but δἰ ἐμοῦ, κατ' ἐμοῦ, πρό ἐμοῦ, etc., ἐν ἐμοί, περί, δἰ, ἐπ', κατ', εἰς ἐμέ. The only exception is πρός, to which the enclitic με is generally joined, Matthew 25:36; Mark 9:19, and very often; very rarely πρός ἐμέ, John 6:37{a}, and according to L T Tr WH in Acts 22:8, 13; Acts 24:19; (also Acts 23:22 T Tr WH; John 6:35 and 45 T Tr text WH; Luke 1:43 T WH; Matthew 19:14; John 6:37{b},65, Tdf.; John 6:44 Tr text WH marginal reading; 1 Corinthians 16:11 L Tr; but πρός με, Matthew 3:14 Tdf. and Matthew 11:28 Griesbach; cf. Lipsius as above, p. 61 note). Moreover, the full forms ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, ἐμέ are used in case of emphasis or antithesis; thus, ἐμοῦ, Luke 10:16; ἐμοί, John 7:23; John 10:38, etc.; ἐμέ, Mark 14:7; John 7:7, etc.
3. As in classic Greek, μου and ἡμῶν are very often used for the possessive pronouns ἐμός and ἡμέτερος (Buttmann, § 127, 21); and when so used,
a. they are generally placed after their substantives, as ὁ οἶκος μου, ἡ ζωή ἡμῶν, etc. — the fuller form ἐμοῦ only for the sake of distinction or antithesis (cf. Buttmann, § 127, 22), as μητέρα αὐτοῦ καί ἐμοῦ, Romans 16:13; πίστεως ὑμῶν τέ καί ἐμοῦ, Romans 1:12.
b. But they are sometimes placed before substantives, even which have the article, when no emphasis resides in the pronoun or antithesis is involved in its use (Winers Grammar, § 22, 7 N. 1; Buttmann, as above): μου τούς λόγους, Matthew 7:24, 26; even before prepositions, μου ὑπό τήν στέγην, Matthew 8:8; less frequently ἡμῶν, as ἡμῶν τήν πόλιν, Acts 16:20; it is prefixed for emphasis in ἡμῶν τό πολίτευμα, Philippians 3:20, cf. Winers Grammar, as above; Rost § 99, 4, p. 452ff 7th edition adduces a multitude of examples from Greek authors; (cf. Krüger, § 47, 9, 12 who states the rule as follows: when joined to a substantive having the article the reflexive genitive, with αὐτοῦ ipsius, and ἀλλήλων, requires the attributive position, the personal genitive, and αὐτοῦ ejus, the partitive position).
4. τί ἐμοί (ἡμῖν) καί σοι (ὑμῖν); what have I (we) to do with thee (you)? (cf. Buttmann, 138 (121); Winer's Grammar, 211 (198); 585 (544)): Matthew 8:29; Mark 1:24; Mark 5:7; Luke 8:28; John 2:4; Heb. וָלָך מַה־לִּי, Judges 11:12; 2 Kings 3:13; 2 Samuel 16:10; 2 Chronicles 35:21; 1 Esdr. 1:24; also in classic Greek; cf. Aulus Gellius n. a. 1, 2; Epictetus diss. 2, 9, 16; τί ἡμῖν καί αὐτῷ, ibid. 1, 1, 16; τί ἐμοί καί αὐτοῖς, ibid. 1, 27, 13; 22, 15. τί γάρ μοι, what does it concern me? what have I to do etc.: 1 Corinthians 5:12; cf. Bos, Ellipses Graec., p. 599, Schaefer edition; Bernhardy (1829), p. 98; Krüger, § 48, 3, 9; Kühner, 2:364f; (Buttmann, as above, also 394 (337); Winers Grammar, 586 (545)).
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ἐγώ ,
gen., etc., ἐμοῦ , ἐμοί , ἐμέ (enclitic μου , μοι , με ), pl., ἡμεῖς , -ῶν , -ῖν , -ᾶς , pers. pron.
I. (a) The nom, is usually emphatic, when expressed as subjc., as in Matthew 3:11, Mark 1:8, Luke 3:16, al. But often there is no apparent emphasis, as Matthew 10:16, John 10:17; ἰδοὺ ἐ . (= Heb. H2005, cf. 1 Samuel 3:8), Acts 9:10; ἐ . (like Heb. H589), I am, John 1:23 (LXX), Acts 7:32 (LXX).
(b) The enclitic forms (v. supr.) are used with nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, where there is no emphasis: ἐν τ . πατρί μου , John 14:20; μου τ . λόγους , Matthew 7:24; ὀπίσω μου , Matthew 3:11; ἰσχυρίτερός μου , ib.; λέγει μοι , Revelation 5:5; also with the prep. πρός , as Mark 9:19, al. The full forms (ἐμοῦ , etc.) are used with the other prepositions, as δι᾿ ἐμοῦ , ἐν ἐμοί , εἰς ἐμέ , etc., also for emphasis, as Luke 10:16, John 7:23, Mark 14:7, al.
(c) The gen. μοῦ and ἡμῶν are often used for the poss. pronouns ἐμός , ἡμέτερος : τ . λαόν μου , Matthew 2:6; μου τῃ ἀπιστιᾳ , Mark 9:24.
(d) τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί (= Heb. H1980 H4100, Judges 11:12, al.), i.e. what have we in common: Matthew 8:29, Mark 1:24; Mark 5:7, Luke 8:28, John 2:4; τί γάρ μοι , 1 Corinthians 5:2.
(e) The interchange of ἐγώ and ἡμεῖς , common in Papyri, appears in Pauline Epp. (v. M, Pr., 86 f., M, Th., 131 f.).
(f) κἀγώ (= καὶ ἐγώ ), and I, even I, I also: Matthew 2:8, Luke 2:48, John 6:56, Romans 3:7, 1 Corinthians 7:40, al.; κἀγώ . . . καί , both . . . and, John 7:28.
κἀμέ = καὶ ἐμέ , see ἐγώ .
κἀμοι = καὶ ἐμοί , see ἐγώ .
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
Deissmann (LAE p. 134 ff.) has drawn attention to the parallels to the solemn use of the first personal pronoun in the Fourth Gospel that may be adduced from inscriptions and magical texts. Thus in an inscr. in honour of Isis from Ios, written in ii/iii A.D., the contents of which are pre-Christian, we find—Εἶσις ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ τ [ύρανν ]ος πάσης χόρας. . ἐγὼ νόμους ἀνθρώποις ἐθέμην. . ἐγώ εἰμι Κρόνου θυγάτηρ πρεσβυτάτη al. And similarly in the magical papyrus P Lond 46.145 ff. (iv/A.D.) (= I. p. 69) ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἀκέφαλος δαίμων. . ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀλήθεια ὁ μεισῶν ἀδικήματα γείνεσθαι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ al. With the construction of the phrase τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; in John 2:4 we may compare BGU IV. 1141.38 (B.C. 14) ἐδίδουν αὐτῷ διαστολὰς μηδὲν αὐτῶι καὶ ἐκείνωι εἶναι : for its meaning see F. C. Burkitt in JTS xiii. p. 594 f., where it is rendered, ";What have I and thou to do with that?";
On the difficult question of the substitution of ἡμεῖς for ἐγώ see Proleg. p. 86 f., and the Appended Note on ";Did St. Paul use the Epistolary Plural?"; in Milligan Thess. p. 131 f., where the following passages are cited in support of the view that the two numbers can be used interchangeably—P Hib I. 44.1, .4, .5 (B.C. 253) ἐγράψαμεν. . ὁρῶντες. . ὤιμην, P Tebt I. 58.6, .15 (B.C. 111) εὑρήκαμεν. . εὗρον, P Par 43.1 f. (B.C. 154) (= Witkowski.2, p. 79) εἰ ἔρρωσθαι, ἔρρωμαι δὲ καὐτοί, P Flor I. 34.7 (A.D. 342) ὁμολογῶ ὄμνυντες.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.