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1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
• Jena
The Nuttall Encyclopedia
• Jena

In Saxe-Weimar, on the Saale, 14 m. SE. of Weimar, an old town with memories of Luther, Goethe, and Schiller; has a university founded to be a centre of Reformation influence, and since associated with Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, and the Schlegels, who were teachers there; on the same day in October 14,1806, two victories were won near the town by French troops over the Prussians, the collective name for both being "the battle of Jena."