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Sunday, December 22nd, 2024
the Fourth Week of Advent
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Shalmaneser
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
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shal - ma - nē´zẽr ( שׁלמנאסר , shalman'eṣer ; Septuagint Σαμεννάσαρ , Samennásar , Σαλμανάσαρ , Salmanásar ): The name of several Assyrian kings. See ASSYRIA; ASSYRIAN CAPTIVITY . It is Shalmaneser 4 who is mentioned in the Biblical history (2 Kings 17:3; 2 Kings 18:9 ). He succeeded Tiglathpileser on the throne in 727 BC, but whether he was a son of his predecessor, or a usurper, is not apparent. His reign was short, and, as no annals of it have come to light, we have only the accounts contained in 2 Kings for his history. In the passages referred to above, we learn that Hoshea, king of Israel, who had become his vassal, refused to continue the payment of tribute, relying upon help from So, king of Egypt. No help, however, came from Egypt, and Hoshea had to face the chastising forces of his suzerain with his own unaided resources, the result being that he was taken prisoner outside Samaria and most likely carried away to Nineveh. The Biblical narrative goes on to say that the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria and besieged it 3 years. There is reason to believe that, as the siege of Samaria was proceeding, Shalmaneser retired to Nineveh and died, for, when the city was taken in 722 BC, it is Sargon who claims, in his copious annals, to have captured it and carried its inhabitants into captivity. It is just possible that Shalman (Hosea 10:14 ) is a contraction for Shalmaneser, but the identity of Shalman and of Beth-arbel named in the same passage is not sufficiently made out.
Literature.
Schrader, COT , I, 258 ff; McCurdy, HPM , I, 387 ff.
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Bibliography Information
Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. Entry for 'Shalmaneser'. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/isb/s/shalmaneser.html. 1915.
